基于直写成型的环氧复合材料网格结构制备及其增强增韧机制

张行乐; 仰钧毅; 程昌利; 刘禹; 王震宇

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230104.002

基于直写成型的环氧复合材料网格结构制备及其增强增韧机制

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230104.002

张行乐¹,
仰钧毅¹,
程昌利³,
刘禹^{1, 2},
王震宇^{1, 2, ,}

1.
江南大学　机械工程学院，无锡 214122
2.
江南大学　江苏省食品先进制造装备技术重点实验室，无锡 214122
3.
无锡市江大隔振器有限公司，无锡 214024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51905216)；“太湖之光”科技攻关计划项目(G20212034)；江苏省食品先进制造装备技术重点实验室自主研究课题(FMZ202201)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王震宇，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为纳米复合材料的增材制造工艺　E-mail: zywang@jiangnan.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-08
- 修回日期: 2022-12-12
- 录用日期: 2022-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-15

Direct ink writing of epoxy-based composite lattice and its strengthening and toughening mechanisms

ZHANG Xingle¹,
YANG Junyi¹,
CHENG Changli³,
LIU Yu^{1, 2},
WANG Zhenyu^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
2.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
3.
Jiangda Vibration Isolator CO., LTD., Wuxi 214024, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51905216); The Wuxi "Taihu light" Science and Technology Research Project (G20212034); Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment & Technology (FMZ202201)

摘要

摘要: 环氧复合材料因其轻质、高强度等特性在航空航天、汽车等领域有极高的应用价值，但环氧树脂的脆性特征严重限制了其实际工程应用，如何协同提高环氧复合材料的强度和韧性仍是一个巨大的挑战。鉴于此，本文设计了一种由实心增强层与多孔增韧层逐层组装而成的环氧复合材料网格结构，并通过直写式3D打印工艺制备。采用旋转流变仪和光学显微镜对直写浆料和打印线条的物化性能进行了表征测试，通过电子万能力学试验机对不同结构参数的环氧复合材料网格结构进行了力学性能测试。测试结果表明：层状网格结构的引入使复合材料的比弯曲强度相较于实心环氧复合材料最高提升了95%，韧性最高提升了630%，断裂韧性最高提升了19.1%。从断面形貌分析和有限元模拟的分析结果可以得出结论，网格结构中的增强层保证了结构强度，而增韧层则有效耗散外部变形并阻止裂纹扩展。本文为纳米复合材料的细观结构设计提供了新思路，为高强高韧复合材料的制备和工程应用提供了理论依据。
- 环氧复合材料 /
- 3D打印 /
- 直写 /
- 增强增韧 /
- 网格结构
Abstract: Due to the high strength and lightweight, epoxy-based composites have high application value in the fields of aerospace and automotive. However, the brittle nature of epoxy resins significantly hinder theirapplication in real engineering, and it is still a great challenge to improve the strength and toughness of the epoxy-based composites. Herein, we develop an epoxy-based composite lattice composing of strengthening zones and toughening zones, which are rationally assembled into a layered structure through direct ink writing technique. The physical and chemical properties of the epoxy-based composite inks and printed filaments were characterized by rotational rheometer and optical microscope, and a universal testing machine was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the epoxy-based composite lattice with various structural parameters. It is found that the specific strength, toughness and fracture toughness of the epoxy-based composite lattice increase by 95%, 630% and 19.1% compared to the solid composite, respectively. Based on the fracture surfaces and finite element analysis, it can be concluded that the strengthening zones ensure the structural strength, while the toughening zones are capable of effectively sharing the external deformation and preventing the crack propagation. The current research provides new ideas and theoretical basis for the design, manufacturing, and applications of structural nanocomposites with high strength and toughness.
- epoxy-based composite /
- 3D printing /
- direct ink writing /
- strengthening and toughening /
- lattice structure

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 环氧复合材料网格结构(ECL)示意图；3D打印样品照片：(b) 三角形；(c) 圆形；(d) 五角星；((e)~(g)) 不同尺寸的正方形

Figure 1. (a) Schematic of the epoxy-based composite lattice (ECL) structure; Digital photos of the 3D-printed samples: (b) Triangle; (c) Circular; (d) Pentagonal; ((e)-(g)) Square shapes with different sizes

d—Distance of the adjacent printed filaments

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同SiO₂含量的环氧复合材料的黏度(a)和模量曲线(b)；(c) 打印线宽随挤出气压和打印速度的变化

Figure 2. Viscosity (a) and moduli (b) of the epoxy-based composite inks containing different SiO₂ content; (c) Filament diameter as functions of the extrusion pressure and the printing speed

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 环氧复合材料网格的光学图像：(a) SZ结构；(e) TZ-0.5；截面形貌：(b) TZ-0.4；(c) TZ-0.5；(d) TZ-0.6；(f) ECL-0.4；(g) ECL-0.5；(h) ECL-0.6

Figure 3. Optical images of the epoxy-based composite lattice: (a) SZ structure; (e) TZ-0.5; Cross-sectional view: (b) TZ-0.4; (c) TZ-0.5; (d) TZ-0.6; (f) ECL-0.4; (g) ECL-0.5; (h) ECL-0.6

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同结构环氧复合材料网格结构的力学特性：(a) 弯曲应力-应变曲线；(b) 比强度对比图；(c) 韧性对比图；(d) I型断裂韧性K_IC

Figure 4. Mechanical properties of epoxy-based composite with different structures: (a) Flexural stress-strain curves; (b) Comparison of specific strength; (b) Comparison of toughness; (d) Mode I fracture toughness K_IC

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 ECL结构制样断裂面SEM图像

Figure 5. SEM images of the fracture surfaces of ECL structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 ECL结构弯曲特性的理论分析：(a) 应力-应变曲线；(b) 应变为1%~5%时线条的旋转角度；弯曲外载荷下ECL-0.4 (c)、ECL-0.5 (d)和ECL-0.6 (e)的最大主应力分布情况

Figure 6. Theoretical analysis of the flexural properties of ECL structure: (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) Rotation angle of the filaments at the strain range of 1%-5%; Maximum principal stress distribution on ECL-0.4 (c), ECL-0.5 (d), and ECL-0.6 (e) under bending

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 样品命名

Table 1. Sample naming

Sample	Distance of the adjacent printed filaments/mm
ECL-0.4	0.4
ECL-0.5	0.5
ECL-0.6	0.6
TZ-0.4	0.4
TZ-0.5	0.5
TZ-0.6	0.6
SZ	—
Notes: TZ—Toughening zones; SZ—Strenghening zones.

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 有限元仿真中使用的环氧复合材料材料属性

Table 2. Material properties of the epoxy composites used in the finite element modeling

Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Elasticity modulus/ MPa	Poisson's ratio	Brittle cracking		Brittle shear		Direct cracking failure strain
Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Elasticity modulus/ MPa	Poisson's ratio	Direct stress after cracking/ MPa	Direct cracking strain	Shear retention factor	Crack opening strain	Direct cracking failure strain
1.2×10³	2333	0.35	50	0	1	0	1.8×10⁻⁵
1.2×10³	2333	0.35	0	1.8×10⁻⁵	0	1.8×10⁻⁵	1.8×10⁻⁵

下载: 导出CSV

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