Abstract: Microfluidic spinning technology combines the advantages of microfluidic technology and spinning technology, and can design and fabricate complex microfibers that are difficult to be realized by conventional spinning technology. Through the precise regulation of micro-scale fluid flow and the use of laminar flow characteristics of the fluid in the micro-channel, microfluidic spinning technology has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, flexible electronics, analytical chemistry and other fields. In this paper, the spinning device and curing mechanism of microfluidic spinning technology are systematically introduced, and the preparation methods, structural characteristics and applications of multi-structure fibers such as solid/porous fiber, hollow/core-shell fiber, Janus/two-component/multi-component fiber, spindle fiber and spiral fiber are reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of microfluidic spinning technology in the preparation of microfibers are analyzed, and the application prospect of microfluidic spinning technology is forecasted.