基于多尺度模拟的橡胶/钢帘线复合材料辐射散热行为机制研究

周家智; 肖慧萍; 谢小林; 周志嵩; 安林; 李文博

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240223.001

基于多尺度模拟的橡胶/钢帘线复合材料辐射散热行为机制研究

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240223.001

周家智¹,
肖慧萍¹,
谢小林¹,
周志嵩²,
安林³,
李文博^{1, 2, ,}

1.
南昌航空大学　材料科学与工程学院，南昌 330000
2.
江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司，泰州 225721
3.
青岛科技大学　高分子科学与工程学院，青岛 266000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52063021)；江西省重点研发计划项目(20224BBE51049)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李文博，博士，讲师，研究方向为橡胶制品设计与仿真分析　E-mail: 645504616@qq.com

中图分类号: TB333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-30
- 修回日期: 2024-01-15
- 录用日期: 2024-01-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-02-26
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-15

Study on the mechanism of radiation heat dissipation behavior of rubber/steel cord composites based on multi-scale simulation

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330000, China
2.
Jiangsu Xingda Steel Cord Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225721, China
3.
School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52063021); Jiangxi Province Key Research and Development Program (20224BBE51049)

摘要

摘要: 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料的传热与温度场分析对橡胶制品的硫化成型、热氧老化、热疲劳寿命研究具有重要意义。本文基于多尺度传热模型对不同钢帘线占比、排列角度和温升工况下的橡胶/钢帘线复合材料传热和散热机制进行研究，并通过实验验证。结果表明，橡胶/钢帘线复合材料呈现明显的各向异性传热行为，传热界面的热流聚集效应会加速热量的层间扩散，使温度分布更均匀。模拟计算得到的辐射散热发射率高达0.95，且随着钢帘线占比增大和温度升高，辐射散热行为越明显。对比串并联传热模型，多尺度传热模型预测误差从10.1%减小到2.5%。
- 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料 /
- 辐射散热 /
- 多尺度模型 /
- 传热机制 /
- 流体动力学模型
Abstract: Heat transfer and temperature field analysis of rubber steel/cord composites are important for the study of vulcanization molding, thermo-oxidative aging, and thermal fatigue life of rubber products. In this paper, the heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms of rubber/steel cord composites with different steel cord ratios, laminate angles and temperature rise operating conditions are investigated based on a multi-scale heat transfer model and experimentally verified. The results show that the rubber/steel cord composites exhibit obvious anisotropic heat transfer behavior, and the heat flow aggregation effect at the heat transfer interface accelerates the interlayer diffusion of heat for more uniform temperature distribution. The radiative heat dissipation emissivity obtained from the simulation is as high as 0.95, and the radiative heat dissipation behavior is more pronounced as the percentage of steel cord increases and the temperature rises. Compared to the series-parallel heat transfer model, the prediction error of the multiscale heat transfer model is reduced from 10.1% to 2.5%.
- rubber/steel cord composites /
- radiant heat dissipation /
- multi-scale modeling /
- heat transfer mechanism /
- CFD

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图 1 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料试样制备流程

Figure 1. Specimen preparation process of rubber/steel cord composites

Φ—Diameter

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图 2 橡胶/钢帘线复合材传热分析的技术路线

Figure 2. Technical route for thermal analysis of rubber/steel cord composites

CFD—Computational fluid dynamics

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图 3 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料传热实验平台示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental platform for heat transfer of rubber/steel cord composites

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图 4 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料热扩散测试结果：(a)测温点；(b)温升历程曲线；(c)顶面和侧面红外热成像云图

Figure 4. Thermal diffusion test results of rubber/steel cord composites: (a) Temperature measurement points; (b) Temperature rise history curves;(c) Infrared thermography cloud maps of top and side surfaces

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图 5 (a)橡胶/钢帘线复合材料红外热成像测试结果校正；(b)校正结果与热电偶测试结果对比

Figure 5. (a) Calibration of IR thermography test results of rubber/steel cord composites; (b) Comparison of calibration results with thermocouple test results

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图 6 热台温度对橡胶/钢帘线复合材料温升的影响：(a)顶面中心点温度历程图；(b)顶面边缘点温度历程图；(c)侧面中心点温度历程图；(d)顶部中心点与顶面边缘点温度差值图

Figure 6. Effect of hot bench temperature on temperature rise of rubber/steel cord composites: (a) Plot of temperature history at the top center point; (b) Plot of temperature history at the top edge point; (c) Plot of temperature history at the side center point; (d) Plot of temperature difference between the top center point and the top edge point

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图 7 140℃条件下不同钢帘线占比橡胶/钢帘线复合材料温升影响研究：(a)顶面中心点温度历程图；(b)顶面边缘点温度历程图；(c)侧面中心点温度历程图；(d)顶面中心点与顶面边缘点温度差值图

Figure 7. Study on the effect of temperature rise of rubber/steel cord composites with different steel cord ratios at 140℃: (a) Temperature history of top center point; (b) Temperature history of top edge point; (c) Temperature history of side center point; (d) Temperature difference between top center point and top edge point

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图 8 不同接触热阻下的橡胶/钢帘线复合材料热导率

Figure 8. Thermal conductivity of rubber/steel cord composites with different contact thermal resistance

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图 9 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料对流换热CFD模型示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of CFD model for convective heat transfer of rubber/steel cord composites

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图 10 (a)橡胶/钢帘线复合材料流体动力学(CFD)传热模型与等效热边界传热模型温度历程对比；(b)橡胶/钢帘线复合材料实验与仿真结果温度历程对比

Figure 10. (a) Comparison of CFD heat transfer model and equivalent thermal boundary heat transfer model temperature history for rubber/steel cord composites; (b) Comparison of temperature history between experimental and simulation results for rubber/steel cord composites

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图 11 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料不同发射率温升历程仿真结果与实验对比：(a)顶面中心点；(b)顶面边缘点；(c)侧面中心点；(d)拟合曲线

Figure 11. Simulation results and experimental comparison of temperature rise history of rubber/steel cord composites with different emissivity: (a) Top center point; (b) Top edge point; (c) Side center point; (d) Fitted curve

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图 12 0.95发射率时不同钢帘线占比的复合材料温升历程仿真与实验对比：(a)顶面中心点；(b)顶面边缘点；(c)侧面中心

Figure 12. Simulation and experimental comparison of temperature rise histories of composites with different steel cord percentages at 0.95 emissivity: (a) Top center point; (b) Top edge point; (c) Side center

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图 13 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料顶面中心点稳态温度值：(a)不同加热温度；(b)不同钢帘线排布

Figure 13. Steady state temperature values at the center point of the top surface of rubber/steel cord composites: (a) Different heating temperatures; (b) Different steel cord arrangements

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图 14 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料多尺度模型与串并联模型对比

Figure 14. Comparison of multiscale model and series-parallel model of rubber/steel cord composites

NT11—Temperature (℃)

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图 15 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料纵向切面温度云图和热流密度云图

Figure 15. Longitudinal section temperature contour plot and heat flow density contour plot of rubber/steel cord composites

HFL—Heat flow density (mW/mm²)

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图 16 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料横向切面温度云图和热流密度云图

Figure 16. Temperature contour plot and heat flow density contour plot of rubber/steel cord composites in transverse sections

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图 17 不同因素对橡胶/钢帘线复合材料辐射散热的影响：(a)发射率的影响；(b)传热时间的影响；(c)传热温度的影响；(d)钢帘线占比的影响

Figure 17. Effect of different factors on radiative heat dissipation of rubber/steel cord composites: (a) Effect of emissivity; (b) Effect of heat transfer time; (c) Effect of heat transfer temperature; (d) Effect of steel cord percentage

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表 1 橡胶配方

Table 1. Rubber formulations

Raw material	Parts per hundreds of rubber
EPDM4045	100
NR	30
ZnO	10
C₁₈H₃₆O₂	1
N220	40
Paraffin oil	14
Coumarone-indene resin	5
DCP	4
C₆H₁₂N₂S₄	0.5
S	0.5
Tackifier	5
Antioxidant RD	1
Notes: EPDM4045—Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber; NR—Nature rubber; N220—Carbon black; DCP—Dicumyl peroxide crosslinking; RD—Poly 1, 2-dihydro-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-quinoline.

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表 2 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料结构参数

Table 2. Structural parameters of rubber/steel cord composites

Steel cord spacing/mm	Percentage of steel cord/vol%	Laminate angle/(°)
Pure rubber	–	–
5	1.9	0/30/45/90
4	2.4
3.6	2.9
1	10.9

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表 3 橡胶/钢帘线复合材料传热测试实验方案

Table 3. Experimental program for heat transfer testing of rubber/steel cord composites

Steel cord spacing/mm	Percentage of steel cord/vol%	Laminate angle/(°)	Heating pad temperature/℃	Environmental temperature/℃
3.6	2.9	90	100	30
3.6	2.9	90	120	30
3.6	2.9	90	140	30
3.6	2.9	90	160	30
3.6	2.9	90	180	30
Pure rubber	0	–	140	30
4	2.4	90	140	30
5	1.9	90	140	30
1	10.9	90	140	30
3.6	2.9	0	140	30
3.6	2.9	30	140	30
3.6	2.9	45	140	30

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表 4 多尺度模型材料热物性参数

Table 4. Thermo-physical property parameters of materials for multi-scale modeling

Material type	Thermal conductivity/ (mW·(mm·℃)⁻¹)	Density/ (kg·m⁻³)	Specific heat/ (J·(kg·℃)⁻¹)
Rubber	0.21	1200	1503
Steel cord	70	7810	540

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