Design and processing of wear-resistant and ice-resistant PTFE surface
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摘要: 冰射流清洗设备料仓表面的覆冰常造成设备停机维修，但如何降低料仓表面的覆冰粘附力是目前研究的难点。本文采用CO2激光刻蚀聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)获得超疏水表面，并设计了一种菱形支撑肋阵列结构提高超疏水PTFE表面的耐磨性。CO2激光刻蚀能在PTFE表面形成多层次交错堆叠纤维结构，且激光刻蚀后的表面化学成分无明显变化。在50 μm激光扫描线间距、300 mm/s扫描速度和9 W激光功率下，可获得164°接触角、4°滚动角的超疏水PTFE表面。设计的30°顶角角度、3 mm菱形边长和0.05 mm肋边宽度的菱形支撑肋阵列结构可有效提高超疏水PTFE表面的耐磨性。即使被砂纸摩擦6 m后，具有菱形支撑肋阵列结构的超疏水PTFE表面仍能保持良好的超疏水性，且覆冰粘附力仅为普通PTFE表面的50%。本耐磨防覆冰PTFE表面有望应用于冰射流清洗设备。Abstract: The icing on the surface of the silo of the ice jet cleaning equipment often causes the equipment to shutdown for maintenance, but how to reduce the icing adhesion on the silo surface is a difficulty of current research. In this work, CO2 laser was used to etch polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to obtain a superhydrophobic surface, and a rhombus support rib array structure was designed to improve the wear resistance of the superhydrophobic PTFE surface. CO2 laser etching could form a multi-layer staggered stacked fiber structure on the PTFE surface, and there was no obvious change in the chemical composition of the surface after laser etching. The superhydrophobic PTFE surface with contact angle of 164° and rolling angle of 4° can be obtained at laser scanning line spacing of 50 μm, scanning speed of 300 mm/s, and laser power of 9 W. The designed rhombus support rib array structure with crest angle of 30°, length of side of 3 mm and rib width of 0.05 mm can effectively improve the wear resistance of superhydrophobic PTFE surface. Even after being rubbed by sandpaper for 6 m, the superhydrophobic PTFE surface with rhombus support rib array structure can still maintain excellent superhydrophobicity, and the icing adhesion of it is only 50% of that of ordinary PTFE surface. The wear-resistant and ice-resistant PTFE surface is expected to be used in ice jet cleaning equipment.
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Key words:
- polytetrafluoroethylene /
- CO2 laser /
- superhydrophobic /
- wear-resistant /
- ice-resistant
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图 1 CO2激光刻蚀聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)获得超疏水表面：(a) CO2激光刻蚀PTFE表面示意图；(b) CO2激光刻蚀区域和未刻蚀区域的宏观形貌；(c) CO2激光未刻蚀区域的微观形貌；(d) CO2激光刻蚀区域的微观形貌(激光加工参数：9 W激光功率、300 mm/s扫描速度、50 μm扫描线间距)
Figure 1. CO2 laser processing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to obtain superhydrophobic surface: (a) Schematic diagram of CO2 laser processing PTFE surface; (b) Macroscopic morphology of CO2 laser processed area and unprocessed area; (c) Microscopic morphology of CO2 laser processed area; (d) Microscopic morphology of CO2 laser processed area (Laser processing parameters: Laser power of 9 W, scanning speed of 300 mm/s, scanning line spacing of 50 μm)
CA—Contact angle
图 2 扫描线间距对PTFE表面润湿性的影响：((a), (b))不同激光功率P下，PTFE的接触角(CA)和滚动角(RA)随扫描线间距的变化(扫描速度为300 mm/s)；((c), (d))不同扫描速度v下，PTFE的CA和RA随扫描线间距的变化(激光功率为9 W)
Figure 2. Influence of scanning line spacing on the wettability of the PTFE surface: ((a), (b)) Variation of CA and rolling angle (RA) of the PTFE surface with the scanning line spacing at different laser powers P (Scanning speed of 300 mm/s); ((c), (d)) Variation of CA and RA of the PTFE surface with the scanning line spacing at different scanning speeds v (Laser power of 9 W)
图 3 在不同扫描线间距下PTFE刻蚀后的SEM图像：((a), (b)) 80 μm；((c), (d)) 110 μm (激光功率为9 W，扫描速度为300 mm/s)
Figure 3. SEM images of the PTFE processed with different scanning line spacing: ((a), (b)) 80 μm; ((c), (d)) 110 μm (Laser power of 9 W, scanning speed of 300 mm/s)
图 4 激光功率对PTFE润湿性的影响：不同扫描速度下接触角(a)和滚动角(b)随激光功率的变化(扫描线间距为50 μm)
Figure 4. Influence of the laser power on the wettability of the PTFE: Variation of the CA (a) and RA (b) of the PTFE with the laser power at different scanning speed (Scanning line spacing of 50 μm)
图 5 在不同激光功率下PTFE刻蚀后的SEM图像：((a), (b)) 6.0 W；((c), (d)) 7.2 W (扫描速度为300 mm/s，扫描线间距为50 μm)
Figure 5. SEM images of the PTFE processed with different laser powers:((a), (b)) 6.0 W; ((c), (d)) 7.2 W (Scanning speed of 300 mm/s, scanning line spacing of 50 μm)
图 6 在不同扫描速度下PTFE加工后的SEM图像：((a), (b)) 200 mm/s；((c), (d)) 400 mm/s
Figure 6. SEM images of the PTFE processed with different scanning speeds: ((a), (b)) 200 mm/s; ((c), (d))400 mm/s
图 7 激光刻蚀前后PTFE的化学成分：(a) EDS图谱；(b) XRD图谱
Figure 7. Chemical compositions of the PTFE before and after laser etching: (a) EDS spectra; (b) XRD patterns
图 8 超疏水PTFE砂纸摩擦试验：(a) PTFE在砂纸(粒度为12 μm)上摩擦的照片；(b)接触角和滚动角随摩擦距离的变化；(c)砂纸摩擦6 m后的PTFE的SEM图像
Figure 8. Sandpaper rubbing test of the superhydrophobic PTFE: (a) Photo of the PTFE rubbed by the sandpaper (12 μm grit); (b) Variation of the CA and RA with the rubbing distance; (c) SEM image of the PTFE rubbed by the sandpaper for 6 m
图 9 菱形支撑肋阵列结构的示意图
Figure 9. Diagram of rhombus support rib array structure
d—Rib width; α—Crest angle; l—Length of side
图 12 菱形支撑肋阵列结构的PTFE表面的SEM图像
Figure 12. SEM images of the PTFE surface with the rhombus support rib array structure
图 13 不同体积V水滴的滚动角随摩擦距离的变化：无菱形支撑肋阵列结构(a)和有菱形支撑肋阵列结构(b)的超疏水PTFE表面
Figure 13. Variation of RA of water droplet with different volume V on the PTFE with the rubbing distance: Superhydrophobic PTFE without (a) and with (b) the rhombus support rib array
图 14 砂纸摩擦6 m后的有菱形支撑肋阵列结构的PTFE的SEM图像
Figure 14. SEM images of the PTFE with the rhombus support rib array structure after being rubbed by sandpaper for 6 m
图 15 落砂试验：(a)落砂试验示意图；(b)接触角随落砂质量的变化
Figure 15. Sand impact test: (a) Schematic diagram of sand impact test; (b) Variation of the CA with the quality of quartz sand
图 16 覆冰粘附力测试：(a)除冰过程照片；(b)除冰力随时间的变化；(c)测试后PTFE表面SEM图像
Figure 16. Ice adhesion force test: (a) Photo of deicing process; (b) Variation of the force with the time; (c) SEM image of the PTFE after ice adhesion force test
图 17 冻融循环测试：接触角和滚动角随冻融循环次数的变化
Figure 17. Freezing/melting cycle test: Variation of the CA and RA with times of freezing/melting cycles
图 18 延迟结冰测试：(a)普通PTFE；(b)菱形支撑肋阵列结构PTFE
Figure 18. Delayed icing test: (a) PTFE; (b) PTFE with the rhombus support rib array
表 1 不同激光加工参数
Table 1. Different laser processing parameters
No. Laser power/W Scanning speed/(mm·s−1) Scanning line spacing/μm 1 5.4, 6.0, 6.6, 7.2, 7.8, 8.4, 9.0, 9.6 200, 300, 400 50 2 6.0, 7.8, 9.0 300 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 3 9.0 200, 300, 400 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110 
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表 2 菱形支撑肋阵列结构的参数
Table 2. Structure parameters of the rhombus support rib array structure
Length of side/mm Crest angle/(°) Rib width/mm 1, 2, 3 30, 60, 90 0.05, 0.1
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表 3 不同流量水流冲击3 min后CA变化
Table 3. Variation of the CA of the coating after 3 min scouring with different water flow rates
Flow rate/(L·min−1) Original CA CA after 3 min scouring 0.18 159° 157° 0.36 161° 160° 0.54 158° 155°
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