铁氧体/芦苇秆炭复合材料的制备与吸波性能

简煜; 范勋娥; 邱柏杨; 田迅东; 杨喜

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240018.001

铁氧体/芦苇秆炭复合材料的制备与吸波性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240018.001

中南林业科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，长沙 410004

基金项目: 湖南省自然科学基金(S2022JJQNJJ0900)；国家自然科学基金(31901375)；中南林业科技大学人才启动基金(2018YJ033)

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨喜，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为竹材材性及改良、生物质炭材料　E-mail: yangxijy@126.com

中图分类号: TB332
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- 文章访问数: 205
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- PDF下载量: 18
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-16
- 修回日期: 2023-12-19
- 录用日期: 2024-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-18
- 刊出日期: 2024-10-15

Preparation and microwave absorption properties of ferrite/reed charcoal composites

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004, China

Funds: Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (S2022JJQNJJ0900); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31901375); Talent Initiation Fund of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (2018YJ033)

摘要

摘要: 为了解决铁氧体吸波材料密度大、吸收带宽窄等问题，以芦苇茎秆为原料，采用常温浸渍及高温原位生长法制备了铁氧体/芦苇秆炭(Ferrite/RC，FRC)复合材料，通过调节碳化温度调控复合材料的电磁特性和电磁波吸收性能。SEM、TEM、XRD、VSM及VNA等结果表明：Ferrite/RC复合材料保留了芦苇秆天然的三维蜂窝状网络结构，Fe₃O₄及铁纳米颗粒均匀分布在芦苇秆碳壁与孔道中；提升碳化温度(650~690℃)可增大复合材料的电导率与介电损耗能力，但温度过高会导致材料阻抗失配从而降低电磁衰减能力。碳化温度为670℃时制备的复合材料(FRC-670)吸波性能最佳，它在匹配厚度仅为1.7 mm时反射损耗达到−45.7 dB，对应有效吸收带宽为3.4 GHz；在厚度为2 mm时有效吸收带宽为5.7 GHz (12.1~17.8 GHz)。其主要的电磁波衰减机制源于复合材料良好的电导损耗、极化弛豫损耗以及电损耗与磁损耗的协同作用。铁氧体/芦苇秆炭复合材料优异的吸波性能在电磁波吸收领域具有良好前景，可促进芦苇资源的高值化与功能化应用。
- 芦苇 /
- Fe₃O₄ /
- 碳化 /
- 吸波性能 /
- 磁损耗 /
- 电磁性能
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of high density and narrow absorption bandwidth of ferrite absorbing materials, the ferrite/reed charcoal (Ferrite/RC, FRC) composites were prepared from reed stalks by impregnation and high temperature in-situ growth methods. The electromagnetic characteristics and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of the composites were controlled by tailoring the carbonization temperature. The results of SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM and VNA show that the Ferrite/RC composites retain the natural three-dimensional honeycomb network structures of the reed stalks, and Fe₃O₄ and iron nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the charcoal wall and pores of the reed stem; Raising the carbonization temperature (650-690℃) can increase the conductivity and dielectric loss ability of composites, but excessive temperature can lead to impedance mismatch of the material and reduce its electromagnetic attenuation ability. The composites prepared at a carbonization temperature of 670℃ exhibit the best absorption performance, with a reflection loss of −45.7 dB at a thickness of only 1.7 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.7 GHz (12.1-17.8 GHz) at a thickness of 2 mm, which is attributed to the good conductivity loss, polarization relaxation, and the synergistic effect of electrical and magnetic losses of composite materials. The excellent absorption performance of Ferrite/RC composites has good prospects in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption, which can promote the high-value and functional application of reed resources.
- reed /
- Fe₃O₄ /
- carbonization /
- absorbing performance /
- magnetic loss /
- electromagnetic characteristics

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图 1 (a)铁氧体/芦苇秆炭(Ferrite/RC，FRC)复合材料的XRD图谱；(b) FRC-670的热重分析图

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns of ferrite/reed charcoal (Ferrite/RC, FRC) composites; (b) Thermogravimetric analysis diagram of FRC-670

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图 2 FRC-670的SEM图像((a)~(d))和TEM图像((e)~(g))

Figure 2. SEM images ((a)-(d)) and TEM images ((e)-(g)) of FRC-670

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图 3 Ferrite/RC复合材料的磁滞回线

Figure 3. Magnetic hysteresis loops of Ferrite/RC composites

M—Magnetization intensity; H—Magnetic field

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图 4 Ferrite/RC复合材料的电磁参数：复介电常数实部ε' (a)、虚部ε'' (b) 和介电损耗正切值tanδ_ε (c)；复磁导率实部μ' (d)、虚部μ'' (e)和磁损耗正切值tanδ_μ (f)

Figure 4. Electromagnetic parameters of Ferrite/RC composites: Real part ε' (a), imaginary part ε'' (b) and tangent tanδ_ε (c) of complex permittivity; Real part μ' (d), imaginary part μ'' (e) and tangent tanδ_μ (f) of permeability

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图 5 Ferrite/RC复合材料的ε'-ε''曲线图((a)~(c))、涡流系数C₀ (d)、衰减系数α (e)和FRC-670的阻抗匹配系数|Z| (f)

Figure 5. ε'-ε'' curves ((a)-(c)), eddy coefficient C₀ (d), attenuation factor α (e) of Ferrite/RC composites and |Z| of FRC-670 (f)

Z_in—Input impedance of the absorber; Z₀—Intrinsic impedance of free space

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图 6 FRC-650、FRC-670、RC690和RC-670的反射损耗值((a)~(d))

Figure 6. Reflection loss values ((a)-(d)) of FRC-650, FRC-670, FRC-690 and RC-670

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表 1 铁氧体/芦苇秆炭(RC) (FRC)复合材料的命名

Table 1. Naming of ferrite/reed charcoal (RC) (FRC) composites

Sample	Carbonization temperature/℃
RC-670	670
FRC-650	650
FRC-670	670
FRC-690	690

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表 2 碳基吸波材料的性能对比

Table 2. Comparison of microwave absorption properties of carbon-based materials

Absorber	RL_min/dB	EAB/GHz	Thickness/mm	Filler loading/wt%	Ref.
FRC-670	−45.7	3.4	1.7	35	This work
FRC-670	−32.1	5.7	2.0	35	This work
Walnut shell-based porous carbon	−42.4	1.8	2.0	70	[35]
Functionalized loofah sponge	−43.8	5.3	3.0	50	[36]
Rice husk-based porous C/Co	−21.8	5.6	1.4	25	[37]
Fe₃O₄@lignin	−29.5	2.0	4.0	20	[38]
NiO/porous carbon	−33.8	6.7	8.0	30	[39]
Wheat straw-derived carbon foam	−37.0	8.8	2.5	10	[40]
Shaddock peel-based CA	−29.5	5.8	1.7	20	[31]
BHPC	−47.46	3.40	2.8	10	[41]
Fe₃C/biochar	−45.6	5.5	4.24	30	[30]
Cotton-derived porous Fe₃O₄/C composite	−22.1	4.4	2.0	50	[42]
NC@Fe₃O₄	−40.3	4.0	2.0	70	[43]
Notes: RL_min—Minimum reflection loss value; EAB—Effective absorption bandwidth; CA—Carbon aerogel; BHPC—Biomass hierarchical porous carbon; NC—Nanoporous carbon.

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