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2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料制备与吸波性能

赵马娟 王晓猛 王岭 邱海鹏 张典堂

赵马娟, 王晓猛, 王岭, 等. 2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料制备与吸波性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(7): 3630-3642. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231218.002
引用本文: 赵马娟, 王晓猛, 王岭, 等. 2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料制备与吸波性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(7): 3630-3642. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231218.002
ZHAO Majuan, WANG Xiaomeng, WANG Ling, et al. Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(7): 3630-3642. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231218.002
Citation: ZHAO Majuan, WANG Xiaomeng, WANG Ling, et al. Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(7): 3630-3642. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231218.002

2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料制备与吸波性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231218.002
基金项目: 173重点项目(2022-JCJQ-ZD-067-11)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    张典堂,博士,研究员,研究方向为先进纺织复合材料设计及制造 E-mail: zhangdiantang@jiangnan.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TB332

Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

Funds: 173 Key Project of China (2022-JCJQ-ZD-067-11)
  • 摘要: 为满足高温吸波结构复合材料要求,选用SiC纤维(SiCf),设计并制备了2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料,采用实验与仿真相结合的方法研究了吸波性能。利用弓形法开展了反射损耗测试,采用X射线计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)技术提取材料几何结构参数,建立了全厚度细观模型,在CST电磁仿真软件上模拟计算了材料的反射损耗,并与实验结果进行对比分析。通过等效电磁参数理论和场分布图分析了吸波机制,并研究了几何结构参数、电磁参数、电磁波电场极化方向和入射角度对材料吸波特性的影响规律。实验结果表明:在1~18 GHz频率范围内,本文所制备的2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料具有3 GHz的有效吸波带宽,在吸收峰9.3 GHz处,最大反射损耗达到−17 dB,这与仿真结果基本一致。该复合材料主要通过电损耗的方式吸收电磁波,其良好的吸波性能是结构设计和材料特性协同作用的结果,材料整体厚度和纤维介电常数是影响2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料吸波性能的关键因素。

     

  • 图  1  先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)法制备2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料工艺流程图

    Figure  1.  Process flow chart of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP)

    PCS—Polycarbosilane

    图  2  (a) SiC纤维预制体;(b) 带BN界面层的SiC纤维预制体;(c) 2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料粗坯;(d) 2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料样件

    Figure  2.  (a) SiC fiber preform; (b) SiC fiber preform with BN interface layer; (c) Rough blank of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites; (d) Sample of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

    图  3  弓形法测2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料反射损耗系统示意图

    Figure  3.  System schematic diagram of measuring reflection loss of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites by bow method

    图  4  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料的X射线计算机断层扫描(Micro-CT)扫描结果:(a) 经向截面扫描形态;(b) 纬向截面扫描形态;(c) 椭圆截面几何参数;(d) 扁六边形截面几何参数

    Figure  4.  X-ray computed tomography (Micro-CT) scanning results of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites: (a) Scanning morphology of warp cross-section; (b) Scanning morphology of weft cross-section; (c) Geometric parameters of ellipse cross-section; (d) Geometric parameters of flat hexagonal cross-section

    图  5  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料模型:(a) 以椭圆为纱线截面;(b) 以扁六边形为纱线截面

    Figure  5.  2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites model: (a) Cross-section of yarn is ellipse; (b) Cross-section of yarn is flat hexagonal

    图  6  CST 微波工作室仿真流程图

    Figure  6.  Simulation flow chart of CST microwave studio

    图  7  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料反射损耗的仿真结果与实验结果对比

    Figure  7.  Comparison between simulation results and experimental results of reflection loss of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites model

    图  8  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料的等效电磁参数曲线

    Figure  8.  Curves of equivalent electromagnetic parameters of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

    Re(Zeff)—Real part of the equivalent impedance; Im(Zeff)—Imaginary part of the equivalent impedance

    图  9  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料的场分布图:(a) 电场(E-Field)分布图;(b) 磁场(H-Field)分布图;(c) 表面电流密度分布图;(d) 能量损耗密度分布图

    Figure  9.  Field distribution map of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites: (a) Electric field (E-Field) distribution map; (b) Magnetic field (H-Field) distribution map; (c) Current density distribution map; (d) Power loss density distribution map

    图  10  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料的吸波机制示意图

    Figure  10.  Schematic diagram of microwave absorbing mechanism of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

    图  11  材料几何特性对2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料吸波性能的影响:(a) 厚度d;(b) 纬密;(c) 纤维层数

    Figure  11.  Influence of geometric properties of materials on microwave absorbing properties of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites: (a) Thickness d; (b) Weft density; (c) Number of fiber layers

    图  12  (a) 纤维介电常数实部ε'对吸波性能的影响;(b) 纤维介电损耗角正切tanδ对吸波性能的影响;(c) 材料厚度为3 mm时纤维混杂层数对吸波性能的影响;(d) 材料厚度为6 mm时纤维混杂层数对吸波性能的影响

    Figure  12.  (a) Influence of the fiber real part of permittivity ε' on the absorption performance; (b) Influence of fiber dielectric loss angle tangent tanδ on the absorption performance; (c) Influence of fiber hybrid layers on the absorption properties when the material thickness is 3 mm; (d) Influence of fiber hybrid layers on the absorption properties when the material thickness is 6 mm

    图  13  极化角度(phi) (a)和入射角度(θ) (b)对2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料吸波性能的影响

    Figure  13.  Influence of polarization angle (phi) (a) and incidence angle (θ) (b) on the microwave absorption properties of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

    表  1  2.5D机织SiCf/SiC复合材料规格参数

    Table  1.   Specification parameters of 2.5D woven SiCf/SiC composites

    Prefabricated structure Dimension/
    mm3
    Warp density/
    (yarn·cm−1)
    Weft density/
    (yarn·cm−1)
    Yarn fineness/tex Number of
    layer
    Volume
    fraction/vol%
    2.5D woven angle interlock 40×40×3 9 3.5 185 8 45
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-10-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-11-13
  • 录用日期:  2023-12-12
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-12-19
  • 刊出日期:  2024-07-01

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