MXene and its composite hydrogel application in infective wound healing
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摘要: 感染创面严重危害着人类的生活质量甚至是生命健康,因此研发高效且副作用小的抗菌生物材料用于修复感染创面具有广阔的市场前景。二维过渡金属碳化物(MXene)是一种新型的二维片状材料,具有优异的抗菌性能,其抗菌机制主要包括物理捕获理论、红外热效应、活性氧(ROS)生成理论、胞间分子泄露理论等,因此MXene有望成为一种更安全、有效、广谱的抗菌手段。通过水凝胶包裹MXene制成的MXene复合水凝胶比单纯水凝胶具有更佳的抗菌、抗氧化性以及光热效应等优势。本文综述了MXene的抗菌机制,并就近年来报道的MXene复合水凝胶修复感染创面的研究进行全面综述和总结。Abstract: Infected wounds seriously endanger the quality of life and even life and health of human beings, so the development of antimicrobial biomaterials with high efficiency and few side effects for the repair of infected wounds has broad market prospects. Two-dimensional transition metal carbide (MXene) is a new type of two-dimensional sheet material with excellent antibacterial properties, and its antibacterial mechanism mainly includes physical capture theory, infrared thermal effect, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation theory, intercellular molecular leakage theory, etc., so MXene is expected to become a safer, effective and broad-spectrum antibacterial method. Compared with simple hydrogels, MXene composite hydrogels made of hydrogels encapsulated with MXene have better antibacterial, antioxidant properties and photothermal effects. In this paper, the antimicrobial mechanism of MXene was reviewed, and the researches on the repair of infected wounds by MXene composite hydrogels were comprehensively reviewed and summarized in recent years.
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Key words:
- MXene /
- composite hydrogel /
- antibacterial /
- wound repair /
- application
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图 3 (a) 海绵状大孔水凝胶体系(SM水凝胶)的设计策略;(b) 将多功能SM水凝胶应用于伤口愈合[46]
Figure 3. (a) Design strategy of a sponge-like macro-porous hydrogel system (SM hydrogel); (b) Application of multi-functional SM hydrogels to wound healing[46]
AA—Acrylic acid; MADA—Methacrylamide dopamine; APS—Ammonium persulfate; BIS—N, N-methylene bisacrylamide; PAAM—Poly AA co MADA; SMPAAM—A spongy macroporous hydrogel formed by AA, MADA, APS and BIS
图 4 (a) 可愈合、可注射和抗菌MXene水凝胶的制造示意图;(b) 人体健康监测;(c) MXene水凝胶用于伤口治疗[47]
Figure 4. (a) Schematic diagram of the manufacture of a healing, injectable and antibacterial MXene hydrogel; (b) Human health monitoring; (c) MXene hydrogel for wound treatment[47]
AgNP—Silver nanoparticles; Alg-PBA—Phenylboric acid grafted with sodium alginate; EMG—Electromyogram; ECG—Electrocardiogram
图 5 (a) 聚乙烯醇(PVA)/聚多巴胺(PDA)/MXene/CuS纳米催化水凝胶的制备示意图;(b) 纳米催化复合水凝胶的抗菌机制及促进皮肤再生[48]
Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of preparation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polydopamine (PDA)/MXene/CuS nanocatalytic hydrogels; (b) Antibacterial mechanism of nano-catalytic composite hydrogels and their promotion of skin regeneration[48]
PDT—Photodynamic therapy; PTT—Photothermal therapy
图 6 (a) MXene的金属离子激发相互作用示意图;((b)~(d)) MXene分散体、水凝胶和冻干单体的照片;(e) 分散浓度为5 mg/mL、10 mg/mL时形成的MXene水凝胶的储存模量G'和损失模量G''[49]
Figure 6. (a) Schematic diagram of the metal ion excitation interaction of MXene; ((b)-(d)) Photographs of MXene dispersions, hydrogels and freeze-dried monomers; (e) Storage moduli G' and loss moduli G'' of MXene hydrogels formed at dispersion concentrations of 5 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL[49]
图 7 (a) MXene@PDA纳米片的合成图;(b) 多巴胺改性的透明质酸(HA-DA)/MXene@PDA水凝胶制备示意图;(c) 通过光热促进感染糖尿病创面愈合机制[53]
Figure 7. (a) Synthesis of MXene@PDA nanosheets; (b) Schematic diagram of preparation of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DA)/MXene@PDA hydrogel; (c) Promoting the healing mechanism of infected diabetic wound through light and heat[53]
TPAOH—Tetrapropyl hydrogen ammonium oxide; HUVEC—Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; TNF—Tumor necrosis factor; IL-10↑—Interleukin-10
图 9 (a) 再生细菌纤维素(rBC)/MXene水凝胶通过电刺激促进创面愈合机制示意图;(b) 水凝胶活/死亡染色;((c), (d)) rBC/MXene水凝胶电刺激促进伤口愈合[58]
Figure 9. (a) Schematic diagram of the mechanism by which regenerated bacterial cellulose (rBC)/MXene hydrogel promotes wound healing through electrical stimulation; (b) Hydrogel live/dead staining; ((c), (d)) rBC/MXene hydrogel electrical stimulation promotes wound healing[58]
ECH—Epichlorohydrin; EF—Electric field; H&E—Hematoxylin and eosin; CD31—Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1
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