Synthesis and properties of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane composites
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摘要: 采用机械搅拌、真空磁力搅拌消泡和加热固化的方法，在柔性的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)中填充赤泥制备了赤泥/PDMS复合材料，并对复合材料的结构与形貌、力学性能和热性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明：赤泥作为交联节点和自润滑颗粒提高了复合材料的弹性模量、抗拉强度、邵氏硬度、冲击强度和摩擦磨损性能，其中，冲击强度的提高较显著，从41.13 kJ·m−2增大至273.33 kJ·m−2，增加了565%。此外，赤泥作为不可燃物也提高了复合材料的阻燃性能，极限氧指数从25.7%增大至34.7%，增加了35%，进入难燃材料的范围(>27%)。这有望扩宽这种硅酮材料的应用领域，同时为赤泥的资源化利用和新型赤泥/聚合物复合材料的研究提供参考。Abstract: Red mud/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites were prepared by filling red mud in flexible PDMS by mechanical stirring, vacuum magnetic stirring defoamination and heating curing. The structure, microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed. The results show that: Red mud as a cross-linked node and self-lubricating particle improves the elastic modulus, tensile strength, hardness Shore, impact strength and friction and wear properties of the composites, among which the impact strength increases significantly from 41.13 kJ·m−2 to 273.33 kJ·m−2, an increase of 565%. In addition, red mud as a non-combustible also improves the flame retardant performance of the composites, the limiting oxygen index increases from 25.7% to 34.7%, an increase of 35%, into the range of refractory materials (> 27%). This is expected to expand the application field of this silicone material, and provide a reference for the resource utilization of red mud and the research of new red mud/polymer composites.
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Key words:
- red mud /
- red mud utilization /
- padding /
- composites /
- silicone /
- polydimethylsilox
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图 1 赤泥/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)复合材料的制备过程
Figure 1. Synthesis process of red mud/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites
图 2 不同赤泥体积含量的赤泥/PDMS复合材料的红外图谱
Figure 2. FTIR spectra of red mud/PDMS composites with different red mud volume contents
图 3 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的光学照片：(a) 0vol%；(b) 10vol%；(c) 20vol%；(d) 30vol%；(e) 40vol%
Figure 3. Optical photos of red mud/PDMS composites: (a) 0vol%; (b) 10vol%; (c) 20vol%; (d) 30vol%; (e) 40vol%
图 4 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的SEM图像：((a), (b)) 0vol%；((c), (d)) 10vol%；((e), (f)) 20vol%；((g), (h)) 30vol%；((i), (j)) 40vol%
Figure 4. SEM images of red mud/PDMS composites: ((a), (b)) 0vol%; ((c), (d)) 10vol%; ((e), (f)) 20vol%; ((g), (h)) 30vol%; ((i), (j)) 40vol%
图 5 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的实际密度(a)与气孔率(b)
Figure 5. Actual density (a) and void percentage (b) of red mud/PDMS composites
图 7 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的室温拉伸性能：(a) 应力-应变曲线；(b) 弹性模量；(c) 抗拉强度
Figure 7. Tensile properties of red mud/PDMS composites at room temperature: (a) Stress-strain curves; (b) Elasticity modulus; (c) Tensile strength
图 10 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的摩擦磨损性能：(a) 摩擦系数-时间曲线；(b) 磨损率；(c) 摩擦系数
Figure 10. Friction and wear properties of red mud/PDMS composites: (a) Friction-time curves; (b) Wear rate; (c) Friction coefficient
图 11 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的热分析：(a) DSC曲线；(b) TG曲线
Figure 11. Thermal analysis of red mud/PDMS composites: (a) DSC curves; (b) TG curves
图 12 赤泥/PDMS复合材料的极限氧指数测试：(a) 0vol%赤泥燃烧前；(b) 0vol%赤泥燃烧后；(c) 40vol%赤泥燃烧前；(d) 40vol%赤泥燃烧后；(e) 极限氧指数
Figure 12. Limiting oxygen index test of red mud/PDMS composites: (a) Before burning of 0vol% red mud; (b) After burning of 0vol% red mud; (c) Before burning of 40vol% red mud; (d) After burning of 40vol% red mud; (e) Limiting oxygen index
图 13 赤泥/PDMS的力学性能和阻燃性能与一些聚合物复合材料的对比[12-13, 20-28]：(a) 抗拉强度对比；(b) 冲击强度对比；(c) 极限氧指数对比
Figure 13. Mechanical properties and flame retardancy of red mud/PDMS compared with some polymer composites[12-13, 20-28]: (a) Tensile strength comparison; (b) Impact strength comparison; (c) Comparison of limiting oxygen index
PVCW—Polyvinyl chloride waste; PE—Polyethylene; PP—Polypropylene; SBR—Polymerized styrene butadiene rubber; PET—Poly(ethylene terephthalate); PF—Phenolic foam
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