GFRP补片内SMA铺设构型对修理层合板热振动特性的影响

崔开心; 谢昊航; 任鹏; 卢翔

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231017.002

GFRP补片内SMA铺设构型对修理层合板热振动特性的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20231017.002

崔开心¹,
谢昊航²,
任鹏¹,
卢翔^2, ,

1.
中国民航大学　航空工程学院，天津 300300
2.
中国民航大学　交通科学与工程学院，天津 300300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金-民用飞机持续安全性分析技术研究(U2033209)；天津市研究生科研创新项目-一般专项(2022SKY158)；中央高校-自然科学重点项目(XJ2023001601)

详细信息

通讯作者:
卢翔，博士，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为民机复合材料结构损伤与修理　E-mail: xlu@cauc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-19
- 修回日期: 2023-10-08
- 录用日期: 2023-10-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-18
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-01

Effect of SMA laying configuration in GFRP patch on thermal vibration characteristics of repair laminate

1.
School of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China-Research on Continuous Safety Analysis Technology of Civil Air Craft (U2033209); Tianjin Postgraduate Research and Innovation Program-General Specialty (2022SKY158); Central University-Key Projects in Natural Sciences (XJ2023001601)

摘要

摘要: 在复合材料中加入形状记忆合金(SMA)制成的纤维增强材料具有高强度、高阻尼与良好的自修复性等优点，可明显提高修理结构刚度及抗剥离性。为了探究热环境下玻璃纤维补片内嵌不同铺设数量与方式的SMA修理板的振动特性，基于Liang-Rogers的SMA本构模型编制用户自定义材料子程序(UMAT)，实现有限元精确求解。对比传统修理板与本文制备的SMA修理板的振型、固有频率及阻尼比变化情况，探究不同温度下SMA铺设构型对双面贴补修理玻璃纤维层合板振动特性的影响。实验与仿真结果表明：相较于单线型(D)与垂直交叉型(C)，斜铺交叉型(X) SMA修理板前三阶振型更接近传统修理板(Q₀)，且振型与嵌入的SMA数量无关。SMA相变时，内嵌SMA使修理板前二阶固有频率上升且上升率与SMA数量呈正相关，与SMA铺设方式关系如下：C型>D型>X型。内嵌SMA使修理板耗能能力及阻尼性优于Q₀板，与SMA数量呈正相关，与SMA铺设方式关系如下：X型>C型>D型。本文研究的铺设构型中，X₂₄型修理效果最优，其一、二阶固有频率最高可恢复至Q₀板的108.47%与112.26%，阻尼比相较于Q₀板增大了5.19倍。该工作可以为现有传统复合材料修理向智能复合材料修理技术转变提供参考。
- SMA /
- 编织玻璃纤维复合材料 /
- 振动特性 /
- 双面贴补修理 /
- 智能材料
Abstract: Fiber reinforced materials made by adding shape memory alloy (SMA) to composite materials have the advantages of high strength, high damping and good self-repair, which can significantly improve the rigidity and peel resistance of repair structures. In order to explore the vibration characteristics of SMA repair plates with different laying quantities and methods embedded in glass fiber patches under thermal environment, a user-defined material subprogram (UMAT) was developed based on Liang-Rogers' SMA constitutive model to achieve accurate finite element solving. The changes of mode shape, natural frequency and damping ratio of traditional repair plate and SMA repair plate prepared in this paper were compared, and the influence of SMA laying configuration on the vibration characteristics of double-sided patch repair fiberglass laminate was explored at different temperatures. Experimental and simulation results show that compared with single-line (D) and vertical cross (C), the first three-order mode shape of the diagonal cross (X) SMA repair plate is closer to the traditional repair plate (Q₀), and the mode shape is independent of the number of embedded SMAs. When the SMA phase changes, the embedded SMA increases the natural frequency of the first second order of the repair plate, and the rise rate is positively correlated with the number of SMA, which is related to the SMA laying mode as follows: C-type> D-type> X-type. The embedded SMA makes the energy dissipation capacity and damping of the repair board better than that of the Q₀ board, which is positively correlated with the number of SMA, and the relationship with the SMA laying method is as follows: X-type> C-type> D-type. In the laying configuration studied in this paper, the X₂₄ type has the best repair effect, and its natural frequency of the first and second orders can be restored to 108.47% and 112.26% of the Q₀ plate, and the damping ratio is 5.19 times higher than that of the Q₀ plate. This work can provide a reference for the technical transformation of existing traditional composite repair to intelligent composite material repair.
- SMA /
- braided fiberglass composite /
- vibration characteristics /
- double-sided patch repair /
- smart materials

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图 1 MTS Landmark伺服测试系统对形状记忆合金(SMA)进行拉伸实验

DC—Direct current

Figure 1. MTS Landmark servo test system performs shape memory alloy (SMA) tensile experiments

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图 2 SMA纤维超弹性和形状记忆效应的应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Stress-strain curves for SMA fiber hyper elasticity and shape memory effects

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图 3 含SMA补片双面贴补修理玻璃纤维层合板

Figure 3. Fiberglass laminate with SMA patch double-sided patch repair

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图 4 预浸料补片中内嵌SMA纤维的模具

Figure 4. Mold embedded with SMA fiber in prepreg patch

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图 5 热补仪固化修理板

Figure 5. Solidification repair plate of heat repair instrument

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图 6 贴补修理试样

Figure 6. Repair specimen

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图 7 常温状态下(25℃) ((a)~(c))和高温状态下(100℃) ((d)~(f))玻璃纤维层合板的微观组织形貌

Figure 7. Microstructure morphology of glass fiber laminate at room temperature (25℃) ((a)-(c)) and at high temperature (100℃) ((d)-(f))

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图 8 模态测试装置连接示意图

FFT—Fast fourier transform

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of modal test device connection

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图 9 修理板频响及相干函数

Figure 9. Repair laminate frequency response and coherence function

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图 10 补片内嵌SMA纤维双面贴补修理损伤层合板分体图

Figure 10. Split diagram of SMA fiber embedded in the patch double-sided patch repair of damaged laminate

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图 11 修理层合板的网格模型

Figure 11. Mesh model of repairing laminates

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图 12 修理板的实验解与有限元数值解对比

Figure 12. Comparison of experimental solutions and finite element numerical solutions of repair plates

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图 13 不同铺设数量的SMA纤维修理损伤板的前三阶振型

Figure 13. First three-order mode shape of the SMA fiber repair damaged plate with different laying quantities

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图 14 不同铺设方式的SMA纤维修理损伤板前三阶振型

Figure 14. First three-order mode shape diagram of SMA fiber repair damage plate with different laying methods

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图 15 不同铺设方式的SMA纤维修理损伤板第一阶固有频率

FEM—Finite element method; A_s—Temperature at which the austenite phase transition begins; A_f—Temperature at which the austenite phase transition ends

Figure 15. First-order natural frequencies of SMA fiber repair damage plate with different laying methods

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图 16 不同铺设方式的SMA纤维修理损伤板第二阶固有频率

Figure 16. Second-order natural frequency of SMA fiber repair damage plate with different laying methods

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图 17 不同铺设数量的SMA纤维修理损伤板第一阶固有频率

Figure 17. First-order natural frequencies of the SMA fiber repair damaged plate with different laying quantities

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图 18 不同铺设数量的SMA纤维修理损伤板第二阶固有频率

Figure 18. Second-order natural frequency of the SMA fiber repair damaged plate with different laying quantities

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图 19 不同铺设方式的SMA纤维修理损伤板前四阶阻尼比

Figure 19. First four-order damping ratio of SMA fiber repair damage plate with different laying methods

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图 20 不同铺设数量的SMA纤维修理损伤板前四阶阻尼比

Figure 20. First four-order damping ratio of the SMA fiber repair damaged plate with different laying quantities

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表 1 SMA纤维性能参数

Table 1. SMA fiber performance parameters

Property	Value
Modulus of elasticity of martensite E_M/GPa	21.36
Modulus of elasticity of austenitic E_A/GPa	38.47
Modulus of martensite thermoelasticity Θ_M/(MPa·℃⁻¹)	0.102
Austenitic thermoelastic modulus Θ_A/(MPa·℃⁻¹)	0.567
Martensitic phase transition start temperature M_s/℃	34.3
Martensite phase transition end temperature M_f/℃	26.1
Austenite phase transition start temperature A_s/℃	57.3
Austenite phase transition end temperature A_f/℃	74.1
Martensite critical phase change stress coefficient $ C\mathrm{_M} $/(MPa·℃⁻¹)	10.81
Austenite critical phase change stress coefficient $ C\mathrm{_A} $/(MPa·℃⁻¹)	6.228
Critical phase transition begins stress $ \sigma_{\mathrm{s}}^{\text{cr}} $/MPa	73.21
Critical phase transition end stress $ \sigma_{\mathrm{f}}^{\text{cr}} $/MPa	87.63
Coefficient of thermal expansion of austenite $ \alpha\mathrm{_A} $/(10⁻⁶ ℃⁻¹)^[5]	10.26
Coefficient of thermal expansion of martensite $ \alpha_{\mathrm{M}} $/(10⁻⁶ ℃⁻¹)^[5]	6.60
Poisson's ratio $ \upsilon\mathrm{_S} $^[5]	0.33
Density ρ/(kg·m⁻³)^[5]	6450
Maximum residual strain $ \varepsilon\mathrm{\mathrm{\mathrm{\mathrm{_L}}}} $/%	7.0
Note：Data are from reference [5] and manufacturer.

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表 2 Hansort 8313预浸料的性能参数

Table 2. Performance parameters of Hansort 8313 prepreg

Elastic modulus E₁₂, E₂₃, E₃₁/GPa	Shear modulus G₁₂, G₂₃, G₃₁/GPa	Poisson's ratio μ₁₂, μ₂₃, μ₃₁	Density ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	Coefficient of thermal		Humidity expansion
Elastic modulus E₁₂, E₂₃, E₃₁/GPa	Shear modulus G₁₂, G₂₃, G₃₁/GPa	Poisson's ratio μ₁₂, μ₂₃, μ₃₁	Density ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	α₁	α₂	β₁	β₂
15.4	4.47	0.43	1660	−0.3×10⁻⁶	28.1×10⁻⁶	0	0.44

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表 3 SMA纤维铺设参数及修理板分组编号

Table 3. SMA fiber laying parameters and repair plate group number

No.	SMA fiber laying method	Number of SMA fibers laid/root	Fiber spacing/mm
D₆	Single-lined (D)	6	16.67
D₁₂		12	8.33
D₂₄		24	4.17
C₆	Vertically crossed type (C)	6	23.57
C₁₂		12	11.79
C₂₄		24	5.89
X₆	Diagonal cross type (X)	6	23.57
X₁₂		12	11.79
X₂₄		24	5.89
Q₀	Traditional patching	0	—

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