低气压下民航客机机舱壁板材料的热解动力学

张晓宇; 贾旭宏; 丁思婕; 田威; 代尚沛; 汤婧

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230918.002

低气压下民航客机机舱壁板材料的热解动力学

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230918.002

张晓宇¹,
贾旭宏^{1, 2, ,},
丁思婕¹,
田威¹,
代尚沛¹,
汤婧¹

1.
中国民用航空飞行学院　民航安全工程学院，广汉 618307
2.
中国民用航空飞行学院　民机火灾科学与安全工程四川省重点实验室，广汉 618307

基金项目: 四川省重点实验室揭榜挂帅项目(XYKY2023011)；中国民用航空飞行学院重点项目(ZJ2021-01)

详细信息

通讯作者:
贾旭宏，博士，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为民用飞机非金属材料燃烧特性与灭火剂合成　E-mail: jiaxuhong02@163.com

中图分类号: V258+.3；TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-06
- 修回日期: 2023-08-22
- 录用日期: 2023-09-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-01

Pyrolysis kinetics of cabin panel materials for civil aircraft at low ambient pressure

1.
College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China
2.
Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan 618307, China

Funds: Sichuan Province Key Laboratory Leader Announcement and Project (XYKY2023011); Key Program of Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China (ZJ2021-01)

摘要

摘要: 航空运输环境为低气压环境，低气压会对火灾的发生发展产生重大影响。为了探究低环境压力下民航客机机舱壁板材料的热解特性，利用热重分析仪对其热解特性进行研究。选取空客某型飞机玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板结构壁板材料(A壁板)和玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂层压板结构壁板材料(B壁板)作为研究对象，分别在四川广汉(96 kPa)和四川康定(61 kPa)进行研究。结果表明：随着压力的降低和升温速率的升高，A壁板、B壁板热分解反应的初始反应温度、终止反应温度及最大质量损失速率温度均略向高温方向移动。在15℃/min升温速率下，A壁板的上下树脂基面板由两个热解阶段组成，芳纶蜂窝芯只有一个热解阶段，且树脂基面板的初始分解温度约182℃，明显小于芳纶蜂窝芯分解温度413℃；B壁板热解分为两个阶段，初始热解温度约258℃。采用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)法、Starink法和KAS法进行热解动力学分析，FWO法、Starink法和KAS法得到的表观活化能相近，低压下A壁板、B壁板表观活化能相对于常压下分别提高了大约10.4%和28.5%。而且96 kPa环境下A壁板和B壁板的化学反应速率大约是61 kPa环境下的1.9倍和1.2倍。
- 低压环境 /
- 民机壁板 /
- 玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂 /
- 热分解特性 /
- 热解动力学
Abstract: The air transport environment is a low pressure environment, which will have a significant impact on the occurrence and development of fire. In order to explore the pyrolysis characteristics of civil aircraft cabin panel materials under low environmental pressure, the pyrolysis characteristics of civil aircraft cabin panels were studied by the thermogravimetric analyzer. Selecting the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel structure panel material (A panel) and the glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel structure panel material (B panel) of a certain type of Airbus aircraft as the research objects, and studied in Guanghan (96 kPa) and Kangding (61 kPa) of Sichuan province, respectively. The results show that the initial reaction temperature, termination temperature and maximum mass loss rate temperature of thermal decomposition of A and B panels move slightly to high temperature with the decrease of pressure and the increase of heating rate. At the heating rate of 15℃/min, the upper and lower resin base panel of A panel consists of two pyrolysis stages, and there is only one pyrolysis stage of aramid honeycomb core, and the initial decomposition temperature of the resin base panel is about 182℃, which is obviously lower than that of the aramid honeycomb core, while the pyrolysis temperature of B panel is divided into two stages and the initial pyrolysis temperature is about 258℃. The pyrolysis kinetics was analyzed by the Kissinger method, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, the Starink method and the KAS method. The apparent activation energy obtained by the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, the Starink method and the KAS method is similar, and the apparent activation energy of A and B panels under low pressure increase by approximately 10.4% and 28.5% relative to that under normal pressure, respectively. And the chemical reaction rates of A panel and B panel in 96 kPa environment are about 1.9 and 1.2 times higher than that in 61 kPa environment.
- low pressure environment /
- civil aircraft wall panel /
- glass fiber/phenolic resin /
- thermal decomposition characteristics /
- pyrolysis kinetics

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图 1 不同压力环境下玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板((a), (b))和层压板((c), (d))的TG和DTG曲线

Figure 1. TG and DTG curves of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panels ((a), (b)) and laminated panels ((c), (d)) under different pressure environments

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图 2 玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板TG曲线(a)和DTG曲线(b)

Figure 2. TG curves (a) and DTG curves (b) of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel

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图 3 不同升温速率条件下玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板的TG曲线((a), (c))和DTG曲线((b), (d))

Figure 3. TG curves ((a), (c)) and DTG curves ((b), (d)) of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panelunder different heating rates

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同升温速率条件下玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂层压板的TG曲线((a), (c))和DTG曲线((b), (d))

Figure 4. TG curves ((a), (c)) and DTG curves ((b), (d)) of the glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel under different heating rates

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图 5 不同压力环境下Kissinger法玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板和层压板的表观活化能

Figure 5. Apparent activation energy of Kissinger the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel and laminated panel under different pressure conditions

β—Heating rate; T_P—Temperature of maximum rate of mass loss

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图 6 不同压力环境下玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板和层压板的拟合曲线

Figure 6. Fitting curves of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel and laminated panel under different pressure environments

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表 1 玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板和层压板热解参数

Table 1. Pyrolysis parameters of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panels and laminated panels

Material	Temperature scope of thermal decomposition/℃		Temperature of maximum mass loss rate/℃
Material	First stage	Second stage	First stage	Second stage
Upper panel	195-340	340-655	247	550
Aramid honeycomb core	413-768	—	612	—
Lower panel	183-350	350-702	295	567
Glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel	182-331	331-760	295	578
Glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel	258-450	450-616	365	528

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表 2 不同压力环境下玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂夹层板和层压板的热解参数

Table 2. Pyrolysis parameters of the glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel and laminated panel under different pressure environments

Material	Pressure/ kPa	Heating rate/ (℃·min⁻¹)	Temperature scope of thermal decomposition/℃			Temperature of maximum mass loss rate/℃
Material	Pressure/ kPa	Heating rate/ (℃·min⁻¹)	First stage	Second stage	Third stage	First stage	Second stage	Third stage
Glass fiber/ phenolic resin sandwich panel	96	5 15 25 35	153-221 181-245 184-256 —	221-304 245-314 256-372 262-382	304-580 314-610 372-718 382-763	187 225 235 —	258 280 304 320	522 572 634 677
Glass fiber/ phenolic resin sandwich panel	61	5 15 25 35	157-225 182-331 291-378 —	225-320 — — —	320-657 331-706 378-731 368-738	199 — — —	256 295 334 —	535 578 633 639
Glass fiber/ phenolic resin laminated panel	96	5 15 25 35	167-374 215-457 272-457 282-461	374-581 457-612 457-676 461-686	— — — —	317 361 363 377	475 527 531 547	— — — —
Glass fiber/ phenolic resin laminated panel	61	5 15 25 35	231-380 258-450 281-459 291-471	380-545 450-616 459-668 471-694	— — — —	321 365 368 393	481 528 532 551	— — — —

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表 3 Kissinger法计算的动力学参数

Table 3. Kinetic parameters calculated by Kissinger method

Material	Pressure/ kPa	Slope k=E/R	E/ (kJ·mol⁻¹)	lnA
Glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel	96	6.6 8.4 7.4	54.9 70.0 61.9	5.5 7.2 −0.2
	Ave		62.3
	61	5.6 10.8	46.2 89.5	1.3 4.0
	Ave		67.9
Glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel	96	10.9 14.6	89.8 121.4	9.6 11.9
	Ave		105.6
	61	9.7 15.7	80.6 130.5	7.4 10.6
	Ave		105.6
Notes: $k$—Slope of the curve fitted to Fig.5; E—Activation energy; R—Molar gas constants; A—Apparent pre-exponential factor; Ave—Average of E.

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表 4 Flynn-Wall-Ozawa、Starink和KAS方法所求表观活化能

Table 4. Apparent activation energy obtained by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Starink and KAS methods

α/%	FWO				Starink				KAS
	Glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel		Glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel		Glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel		Glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel		Glass fiber/phenolic resin sandwich panel		Glass fiber/phenolic resin laminated panel
	96 kPa	61 kPa	96 kPa	61 kPa	96 kPa	61 kPa	96 kPa	61 kPa	96 kPa	61 kPa	96 kPa	61 kPa
10	79.3	70.9	65.3	88.6	73.0	63.7	59.6	83.9	72.1	62.8	58.9	83.1
20	94.9	91.0	74.0	88.4	88.3	83.9	68.3	83.3	87.4	83.0	67.5	82.6
30	96.9	101.9	69.0	89.3	89.9	94.9	62.7	83.9	89.0	94.0	61.9	83.1
40	92.4	99.5	61.1	104.9	84.8	92.1	57.3	99.8	83.8	91.1	56.5	99.0
50	86.4	100.8	59.0	82.7	78.2	93.1	51.4	75.8	77.2	92.0	50.5	74.8
60	84.2	93.9	60.4	93.6	75.6	85.7	52.4	86.8	74.5	84.7	51.4	85.9
70	82.3	99.2	65.4	95.1	70.8	91.0	57.2	88.0	72.2	90.0	56.2	87.1
80	79.8	97.1	70.3	88.5	70.5	88.6	62.0	80.9	69.3	87.5	60.9	79.9
90	76.9	100.0	66.7	75.9	67.2	91.4	58.0	67.4	66.0	90.2	56.9	66.3
Ave	85.9	94.9	66.0	89.7	77.6	87.2	58.8	83.3	76.8	86.1	57.9	82.4
Note：α—Conversion.

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