蜂窝夹层声衬材料宽频吸声性能优化

罗靓; 白鹤宇; 叶卓然; 顾轶卓

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230817.005

蜂窝夹层声衬材料宽频吸声性能优化

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230817.005

罗靓^{1, 2, ,},
白鹤宇¹,
叶卓然²,
顾轶卓³

1.
北京航空航天大学　材料科学与工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京北航天宇长鹰无人机科技有限公司，北京 100191
3.
北京航空航天大学　前沿科学技术创新研究院，北京 100191

基金项目: 基础加强计划技术领域基金项目(2019-JCJQ-JJ-255)

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗靓，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为航空航天领域材料　E-mail: luoliang@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB34；TB333；V231.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-17
- 修回日期: 2023-07-13
- 录用日期: 2023-08-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-18
- 刊出日期: 2024-03-01

Optimization of broadband sound absorption performance of honeycomb sandwich sound liner

LUO Liang^{1, 2
, ,},
BAI Heyu¹,
YE Zhuoran²,
GU Yizhuo³

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
2.
Beihang Changying UAS Technology CO., LTD., Beijing 100191, China
3.
Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Funds: Foundation Strengthening Plan Technology Field Fund Project (2019-JCJQ-JJ-255)

摘要

摘要: 针对目前大涵道比涡扇发动机宽频随机的噪声特点，对传统单自由度蜂窝夹层声衬材料进行了结构优化，提升其吸声性能。在保持声衬单自由度蜂窝夹层结构基本形式不变的前提下，为拓宽吸声频谱、达到两个甚至两个以上的特征频率，在单层蜂窝芯内部特定位置复合碳纳米管薄膜，同时为了提高吸声效果，通过快捷的工艺组装，在多孔板和蜂窝芯之间引入金属丝网和柔性多孔材料，并探究了引入材料的放置位置和参数对于声衬材料吸声性能的影响。实验结果显示，孔径37 μm的金属丝网置于多孔面板后、15 mm厚的三聚氰胺海绵放置在多孔面板和蜂窝之间、开孔率为2%和4%的碳纳米管薄膜放置在蜂窝夹层结构内近中间位置的吸声性能最好。基于该结果制备的声衬吸声性能优异，在800 Hz到4500 Hz范围内表现出良好的吸声性能，两个特征频率的峰值吸声系数分别达到0.98和0.99，平均吸声系数达到0.89，相比优化前提升61.8%，同时半峰宽度能够完全覆盖测试的800 Hz到4500 Hz频率范围，具有良好的宽频降噪特性。
- 蜂窝夹层结构 /
- 吸声材料 /
- 声衬 /
- 吸声系数 /
- 发动机噪声
Abstract: In view of the wide frequency noise characteristics of turbofan engine with large bypass ratio at present, traditional single-degree-of-freedom honeycomb sandwich acoustic lining material was optimized to improve its sound absorption performance. Under the premise of keeping the basic form of single-degree-of-freedom honeycomb structure of sound liner unchanged, in order to broaden the sound absorption spectrum and reach two or more characteristic frequencies, carbon nanotube film was compounded at a specific position inside the single-layer honeycomb core. At the same time, in order to improve the sound absorption effect, metal wire mesh and flexible porous materials were introduced between perforated plate and honeycomb core, and they were assembled through a rapid process. The influences of placement position and parameters of the introduced material on the sound absorption performance of the sound absorption composite were also investigated. The experimental results show that the structure with the best sound absorption performance is the introduction of 37 μm hole diameter wire mesh placed behind the porous panel, the placement of 15 mm thick melamine sponge between the porous panel and the honeycomb, and the placement of carbon nanotube film with a porosity of 2% and 4% in the middle of the honeycomb sandwich structure. The sound liner prepared based on this result has excellent sound absorption performance, and shows good sound absorption performance in the range of 800 Hz to 4500 Hz. The peak sound absorption coefficients of the two characteristic frequencies reach 0.98 and 0.99, respectively, and the average sound absorption coefficient reaches 0.89, which is 61.8% higher than that before optimization. At the same time, the half-peak width can fully cover the frequency range of 800 Hz to 4500 Hz tested, which indicates good broadband noise reduction characteristics.
- honeycomb sandwich structure /
- sound absorption material /
- acoustic backing /
- acoustic absorptivity /
- engine noise

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图 1 使用带孔模具和真空袋工艺直接成型的蜂窝夹层声衬

Figure 1. Honeycomb sandwich structure composites directly formed by using a mold with holes and a vacuum bag process

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图 2 阻抗管结构示意图(a)和测试系统设备连接图(b)

Figure 2. Structure diagram (a) and connection diagram (b) of test system equipment of impedance tube

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图 3 装配测试样品及夹具的阻抗管实物图

Figure 3. Physical drawing of impedance tube for assembling test sample and fixture

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图 4 引入不同孔径(a)和放置位置(b)金属丝网的蜂窝夹层声衬材料的频率-吸声系数曲线

Figure 4. Frequency-absorption coefficient curves of honeycomb sandwich sound-absorbing materials with different bore diameters (a) and placement positions (b)

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图 5 引入不同放置深度(a)和开孔率(b)碳纳米管薄膜的蜂窝夹层声衬材料的频率-吸声系数曲线

Figure 5. Frequency-absorption coefficient curves of honeycomb sandwich sound-absorbing materials with carbon nanotube films of different placement depths (a) and porosities (b)

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图 6 引入不同放置位置(a)、厚度(b)和材料(c)的柔性多孔材料的蜂窝夹层声衬材料的频率-吸声系数曲线

Figure 6. Frequency-absorption coefficient curves of honeycomb sandwich sound-absorbing materials with flexible porous materials with different placement positions (a), thicknesses (b) and materials (c)

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图 7 优化的蜂窝夹层声衬复合材料

Figure 7. Optimized honeycomb sandwich structure sound absorbing composites

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图 8 优化前后的蜂窝夹层声衬材料的频率-吸声系数曲线对比

Figure 8. Comparison of frequency-absorbing coefficient curves of honeycomb sandwich sound liner materials before and after optimization

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表 1 蜂窝夹层声衬材料(对照组)参数

Table 1. Parameters of honeycomb sandwich structure sound absorbing material (Control)

Thickness of perforated plate/mm	Hole diameter of perforated plate/mm	Porosity of perforated plate/%	Thickness of honeycomb core/mm	Side length of honeycomb core cell/mm
0.50	2.00	9.33	30.00	5.50

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表 2 不同优化材料的参数

Table 2. Parameters for different optimized materials

Wire mesh		Carbon nanotube film		Flexible porous material
Position	Hole dia-meter/μm	Depth	Porosity/%	Position	Thickness/ mm	Material
In front of perforated plate Behind perforated plate	74 37 20	10 14 20	2 3 4	In front of honeycomb core In honeycomb core Behind honeycomb core	5 10 15	#25 polyurethane sponge #55 polyurethane sponge Melamine sponge Polyester cotton Carbon nanotube sponge Polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam

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表 3 金属丝网孔径对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 3. Effect of hole diameter of wire mesh on sound absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich structure

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
74 μm	1500	2700	0.91	0.66
37 μm	1500	3000	0.97	0.73
20 μm	1500	2800	0.96	0.69

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表 4 金属丝网放置位置对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 4. Effect of position of wire mesh on sound absorption performance of honeycomb sandwich structure

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
In front of perforated plate	1500	3000	0.97	0.73
Behind perforated plate	1500	3200	0.99	0.78

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表 5 碳纳米管薄膜放置深度对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 5. Effect of placement depth of carbon nanotube films on sound absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich structure sound absorbing materials

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
10 mm	—	—	0.94	0.74
14 mm	1500	＞3700	0.93	0.79
20 mm	1500	＞3700	0.86	0.71

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表 6 碳纳米管薄膜开孔率对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 6. Effect of porosity of carbon nanotube films on sound absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich sound absorbing materials

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
2%	1500	＞3700	0.93	0.79
3%	—	—	0.90	0.76
4%	—	—	0.91	0.67

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表 7 #25聚氨酯海绵放置位置对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 7. Influence of #25 polyurethane sponge placement on sound absorption performance of honeycombsandwich structuree

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
In front of honeycomb core	1500	3000	0.93	0.65
In honeycomb core	1500	2800	0.81	0.55
Behind honeycomb core	1500	2500	0.82	0.53

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表 8 #25聚氨酯海绵厚度对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 8. Influence of thickness of #25 polyurethane sponge on sound absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich structure

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
5 mm	1500	2600	0.91	0.60
10 mm	1500	3000	0.93	0.65
15 mm	1500	2900	0.95	0.69

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表 9 柔性多孔材料类型对蜂窝夹层声衬材料吸声性能的影响

Table 9. Effect of type of flexible porous materials on sound absorption properties of honeycomb sandwich structure sound absorption material

Subject	Characteristic frequency/Hz	Half peak width/Hz	Peak absorption coefficient	Average absorption coefficient
Control	1500	2200	0.84	0.55
#25 polyurethane sponge	1500	3000	0.93	0.65
#55 polyurethane sponge	1500	3200	0.98	0.75
Melamine foam	1500	＞3700	1.00	0.81
Polyester cotton	1500	2700	0.91	0.62
Carbon nanotube sponge	—	—	0.57	0.45
PMI foam	—	—	0.98	0.50

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表 10 优化的蜂窝夹层声衬复合材料结构参数

Table 10. Structural parameters of optimized honeycomb sandwich structure sound absorbing composites

Material	Structural parameters	Specifications
Perforated plate	Thickness	0.5 mm
Perforated plate	Porosity	9.33%
Wire mesh	Hole diameter	37 μm
Melamine foam	Thickness	15 mm
Honeycomb core	Thickness	30 mm
Carbon nanotube film	Thickness	0.01 mm
	Porosity	2%/4%
	Depth	14 mm
Backplane	Thickness	1 mm

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