双碳结构增强硅橡胶智能复合材料的力电响应

万帮伟; 杨洋; 赵艳芳

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230817.002

双碳结构增强硅橡胶智能复合材料的力电响应

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230817.002

万帮伟^{1, 2},
杨洋^{1, 2, ,},
赵艳芳^{1, 2}

1.
昆明理工大学　建筑工程学院，昆明 650500
2.
云南省土木工程防灾重点实验室，昆明 650500

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11962009)

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨洋，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为微纳米力学、新型土木工程材料等领域　E-mail: yangyang0416@kust.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-21
- 修回日期: 2023-07-16
- 录用日期: 2023-08-02
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-21
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-01

Mechanical and electrical response of silicon rubber intelligent composite materials reinforced by dual carbon structure

WAN Bangwei^{1, 2},
YANG Yang^{1, 2
, ,},
ZHAO Yanfang^{1, 2}

1.
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2.
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (11962009)

摘要

摘要: 可拉伸应变传感器在减隔震领域具有广阔的应用前景，然而，研发低成本和高稳定性可拉伸应变传感器仍然是一个巨大挑战。本文采用开炼法制备出多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)-导电炭黑(CB)/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)导电纳米复合材料。研究MWCNT与CB之间的协同效应对复合材料分散性能、导电性能、力学性能及电阻-应变响应性能影响。结果表明：添加CB后复合材料力学性能提升，具有较低的渗流阈值(1.24wt%)，5000次循环加载-卸载过程中表现出优异的电阻-应变响应稳定性。此外，MWCNT-CB/VMQ复合材料相比于MWCNT/VMQ、CB/VMQ复合材料在电阻-应变响应性能中没有出现肩峰现象，同时解释了肩峰现象机制。通过SEM发现复合材料中MWCNT和CB均匀分布及形成的协同效应是低阈值和稳定电阻-应变响应性能的重要原因。通过隧道效应理论模型解释了电阻-应变响应机制。该复合材料对减隔震结构应变监测具有巨大潜力。
- 多壁碳纳米管 /
- 炭黑 /
- 硅橡胶 /
- 电阻-应变响应 /
- 结构健康监测 /
- 智能传感材料
Abstract: Stretchable strain sensors have broad application prospects in the field of vibration reduction and isolation, however, developing low-cost and high stability stretchable strain sensors remains a huge challenge. This article used the open melt method to prepare multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-conductive carbon black (CB)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) conductive nanocomposites. The effects of the synergistic effect between MWCNT and CB on the dispersion, conductivity, mechanical properties and resistance-strain response of the composites were investigated.The results show that the mechanical properties of the composite material are improved after adding CB, with a lower percolation threshold (1.24wt%), and excellent resistance strain response stability is demonstrated during 5000 cycles of loading-unloading. In addition, compared to MWCNT/VMQ and CB/VMQ composites, the MWCNT-CB/VMQ composite did not exhibit shoulder peak phenomenon in the resistance-strain response performance, and explained the mechanism of shoulder peak phenomenon. Through SEM, it is found that the uniform distribution and synergistic effect of MWCNT and CB in the composite material are important reasons for the low threshold and stable resistance-strain response performance. The mechanism of resistance-strain response was explained through the tunnel effect theory model. This composite material has great potential for strain monitoring of seismic isolation structures.
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes /
- carbon black /
- silicone rubber /
- resistance-strain response /
- structural health monitoring /
- smart sensing composite

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 导电硅橡胶复合材料制备流程；(b) 复合材料在原始、拉伸、弯曲、扭转下的图像；(c) 测试装置

Figure 1. (a) Preparation process of conductive silicone rubber composite; (b) Photos of composite material under original, stretching, bending and torsion; (c) Test diagram

MWCNT—Multi-walled carbon nanotubes; CB—Carbon black; VMQ—Methyl vinyl silicone rubber; HPMS—Hydroxyl silicone oil; DBPMH—2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis(tert-butyl peroxy)hexane; LMBG—Two-stage vulcanization

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图 2 (a) 多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)-导电炭黑(CB)/甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)复合材料在不同MWCNT含量下的应力-应变曲线；((b)~(d)) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ、MWCNT/VMQ、CB/VMQ复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量；(e) 3种复合材料在应变为200%下的循环应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. (a) Stress-strain curves of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)-conductive carbon black (CB)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) composites with different MWCNT contents; ((b)-(d)) Tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ、MWCNT/VMQ and CB/VMQ composites; (e) Cycle stress-strain curves of three composites under 200% strain

S₁, S₂, S₃—Area of hysteretic curves

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图 3 (a) 3种复合材料的体积电导率σ；(b) 3种复合材料渗流阈值拟合曲线；(c) 3种复合材料在应变为150%下的电阻-应变响应曲线和变形灵敏度(GF)值；(d) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料和其他先前报道的应变传感器在最大应变下的最高GF的比较

Figure 3. (a) Volume conductivity σ of three composites; (b) Fitting curves of seepage threshold of three composites; (c) Resistance-strain response curves and GF values of the three composites at 150% strain; (d) Comparison of the maximum GF at maximum strain of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites with other previously reported strain sensors

w—Conductive filler content; φ—Percolation threshold; GF—Sensitivity; ΔR/R₀—Resistance; ε—Strain

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图 4 复合材料在应变为30%下的电阻-应变响应

Figure 4. Resistance-strain response of composites at 30% strain

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图 5 CB_9wt%/VMQ (a)、MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ (b)、MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ (c)复合材料在应变为30%下电阻-应变响应第7次循环加载-卸载

Figure 5. CB_9wt%/VMQ (a), MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ (b), MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ (c) composites respond to the 7th cyclic loading-unloading under the strain of 30%

I_H1, I_H2, I_H3—Shoulder peak phenomenon area of CB_9wt%/VMQ, MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ, and MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ, respectively

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图 6 (a) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料在不同应变下的电阻响应；(b) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料在应变为5%、速率1000 mm/min⁻¹下的响应时间；(c) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料在不同速率下的电阻响应；((d)~(g)) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料在应变为10%、20%、30%、40%下500次电阻响应；(h) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料在应变为50%下的5000次电阻响应

Figure 6. (a) Resistance responses of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites under different strains; (b) Response time of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites at a strain of 5% and a rate of 1000 mm/min⁻¹; (c) Resistance responses of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites at different rates; ((d)-(g)) MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites have 500 times resistance responses at strain of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%; (h) 5000 times resistance responses of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composites at 50% strain

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图 7 CB_9wt%/VMQ复合材料((a), (b))、MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ复合材料((c), (d))和MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ复合材料((e), (f)) 的SEM图像

Figure 7. SEM images of CB_9wt%/VMQ composite ((a), (b)), MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ composite ((c), (d)) and MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ composite ((e), (f))

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图 8 ((a)~(d)) MWCNT-CB/VMQ复合材料的导电网络在拉伸过程的演化机制；MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ (e)、CB_9wt%/VMQ (f)、MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ (g)复合材料在拉伸过程实验结果与理论结果的电阻

Figure 8. ((a)-(d)) Evolution mechanism of the conductive network of the MWCNT-CB/VMQ composites during the tensile process; Experimental and theoretical resistance of MWCNT_2wt%-CB/VMQ (e), CB_9wt%/VMQ (f), MWCNT_4wt%/VMQ (g) composites

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表 1 不同导电填料含量的ΔR/R₀-应变曲线拟合后的参数

Table 1. Parameters of resistance ΔR/R₀-strain curves fitting for different conductive filler contents

Filler content	$ {m} $	$ {{ \varepsilon }}_{\text{c}} $	$ {{n}}_{\text{s}} $
MWCNT_4wt% MWCNT_2wt%-CB CB_9wt%	2.55 14.56 7.08	3.92 6.55 4.96	−1.81 −3.62 −3.48
Notes: m—Aconstant related to the fractal structure of the network; ε_c—Constant which can be interpreted as the yield strain; n_s—Scaling exponent.

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