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建筑用生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶研究进展

韩申杰 张恩浩 卢芸

韩申杰, 张恩浩, 卢芸. 建筑用生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(1): 108-120. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.003
引用本文: 韩申杰, 张恩浩, 卢芸. 建筑用生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报, 2024, 41(1): 108-120. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.003
HAN Shenjie, ZHANG Enhao, LU Yun. Research progress of biomass-based cellulose insulation aerogel for building[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(1): 108-120. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.003
Citation: HAN Shenjie, ZHANG Enhao, LU Yun. Research progress of biomass-based cellulose insulation aerogel for building[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2024, 41(1): 108-120. doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.003

建筑用生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230802.003
基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2022YD004);国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(32122058)
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    卢芸,博士,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为木材超分子科学 E-mail: y.lu@caf.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: TQ352.4;TB35;TU531.14;TB332

Research progress of biomass-based cellulose insulation aerogel for building

Funds: The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF (CAFYBB2022YD004); National Natural Science Foundation of China (32122058)
  • 摘要: 建筑保温可以有效降低建筑材料的热损失,对于保持建筑内部的舒适度起着重要的作用。提高建筑材料的保温性能至关重要,特别是通过减少加热-冷却的热量损失来实现节能。因此,研究具有优良保温性能的建筑材料已成为当前保温领域研究的重点之一。与传统的保温建筑材料相比,生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶具有低导热系数、高比表面积、可再生性、成本效益和环境友好型等优越的物理和化学特性,是未来建筑节能技术的理想新型建筑材料。本文综述了近年来生物质基纤维素保温气凝胶的制备技术、研究现状、存在的问题及在建筑材料(屋顶、内外墙和玻璃等)中的应用。最后,简要讨论了生物质基纤维素气凝胶在保温材料应用中面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

     

  • 图  1  (a) 引起凝胶孔隙开裂或收缩的毛细管力;(b) 凝胶中溶剂的典型相图及3种干燥凝胶制备气凝胶的压力-温度变化;((c)~(e)) 3种干燥方式(冷冻、环境和超临界)的示意图[13]

    Figure  1.  (a) Capillary forces that cause gel pores to crack or shrink; (b) Typical phase diagrams of solvents in gels and pressure-temperature variations in the preparation of aerogels from three dried gels; ((c)-(e)) Schematic diagram of three drying methods (freezing, environmental and supercritical)[13]

    图  2  (a) 环氧树脂/3D-C-氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)纳米复合材料制备工艺示意图[15];(b) 经十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)发泡、排水、烘箱干燥制备微纤化化学热机械浆(MF-CTMP)泡沫[19];(c) 采用冷冻干燥(CFD)和喷雾冷冻干燥(SFD)制备生物气凝胶[21];(d) 三聚氰胺-植酸(MEL-PA)在纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)气凝胶上的超分子组装示意图[24]

    Figure  2.  (a) Scheme illustrating the preparation process of epoxy/3D interconnected boron nitride nanosheet (3D-C-BNNS) nanocomposites[15]; (b) Preparation of micro-fibrillated chemi-thermomechanical pulp (MF-CTMP) foam via sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) foaming, drainage, and oven drying[19]; (c) Bioaerogels produced by conventional freeze-drying (CFD) and spray freeze-drying (SFD)[21]; (d) Schematic illustration of supramolecular assembly of melamine-phytic acid (MEL-PA) onto cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel[24]

    ECH—Epichlorohydrin; NFC—Nanofibrillated cellulose

    图  3  使用生物质基纤维素气凝胶的概念性节能建筑:(a) 屋顶用制冷却木材,冷却功率为53 W·m−2[42];(b) 导热系数横向为0.03 W/(m·K),纵向为0.06 W/(m·K)的墙板用纳米木材[31];(c) 透光率为97%~99%的硅化纤维素气凝胶[40];(d) 导热系数为15 mW/(m·K)墙板用CNF、氧化石墨烯和海泡石各向异性复合气凝胶[45]

    Figure  3.  Conceptual energy-saving building using biomass based cellulose aerogel: (a) Cooling wood for roof with cooling power of 53 W·m−2[42]; (b) Nano-wood for wallboard with thermal conductivity of 0.03 W/(m·K) horizontally and 0.06 W/(m·K) longitudinally[31]; (c) Silanized cellulose aerogel with light transmitability of 97%-99%[40]; (d) Anisotropic composite aerogel of CNF, graphene oxide and sepiolite for wall panels with thermal conductivity of 15 mW/(m·K)[45]

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-05
  • 修回日期:  2023-07-03
  • 录用日期:  2023-07-27
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-02
  • 刊出日期:  2024-01-01

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