Organization and properties of the surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer of 17-4PH stainless steel
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摘要: 本文拟在17-4PH不锈钢表面制备高硬度耐磨层，为缓解高硬度堆焊层与基体间的开裂问题，提出制备仿生梯度硬度表面堆焊结构。采用手工电弧焊在17-4PH不锈钢表面制备仿生梯度硬度高强层，选用D322焊条和D707焊条分别做过渡层和高强层在17-4PH不锈钢表面进行仿生梯度硬度高强层的制备，采用光学显微镜、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、冲击试验机对高强层的微观组织、显微硬度等性能进行了表征。结果表明：在17-4PH不锈钢表面所制备的仿生梯度硬度高强层组织均匀，界面冶金结合良好；仿生梯度硬度高强层组织主要为马氏体、奥氏体、WC及碳化物；仿生梯度硬度高强层相结构主要由Fe-Cr、WC、γ-Fe组成，平均硬度为HV0.5 726.5，较基板有明显的提高；17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层平均冲击吸收功为12.90 J，其冲击吸收功降低的主要原因是由于各层之间的性能不同所导致。Abstract: In this paper, it is proposed to prepare a high hardness wear-resistant layer on the surface of 17-4PH stainless steel, and in order to alleviate the problem of cracking between the high hardness cladding layer and the substrate, it is proposed to prepare a bionic gradient hardness surface cladding structure. The use of manual electric arc welding in the 17-4PH stainless steel surface preparation of bionic gradient hardness high strength layer, the choice of D322 electrode and D707 electrode were used as a transition layer and high strength layer in the 17-4PH stainless steel surface for the preparation of the bionic gradient hardness high strength layer, the use of optical microscopy, Vickers hardness tester, X-ray diffractometer, impact testing machine on the high strength layer of the microstructure, microhardness and other properties were characterization. The results show that the bionic gradient hardness high-strength layer prepared on the surface of 17-4PH stainless steel has a uniform organization and good interfacial metallurgical bonding. The organization of the bionic gradient hardness high-strength layer mainly consists of martensite, austenite, WC and carbide. The bionic gradient hardness high-strength layer phase structure mainly consists of Fe-Cr, WC, γ-Fe, with an average hardness of HV0.5 726.5, which is a significant improvement compared with that of the substrate. The bionic gradient hardness high-strength layer on the surface of 17-4PH stainless steel is also a good example of a bionic gradient hardness layer. 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high-strength layer average impact absorption power is 12.90 J, the main reason for the reduction of its impact absorption power is due to the different properties between the layers.
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图 1 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层标准冲击试样
Figure 1. Standard impact specimen of 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer
图 2 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层结构
Figure 2. 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer structure
图 3 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层显微组织：(a) 高强层(顶部)；(b) 高强层(中部)；(c) 高强层与过渡层界面；(d) 过渡层；(e) 过渡层与基板界面；(f) 基板
Figure 3. Microstructure of 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer: (a) High-strength layer (top); (b) High-strength layer (middle); (c) High-strength layer and transition layer interface; (d) Transition layer; (e) Interface between transition layer and substrate; (f) Substrate
图 4 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层截面XRD图谱
Figure 4. Cross-sectional XRD pattern of 17-4PH stainless steel with bionic gradient hardness and high strength layers
图 5 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层纵向硬度分布图
Figure 5. Longitudinal hardness distribution of 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer
表 1 17-4PH不锈钢化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of stainless steel 17-4PH
C/wt% Cr/wt% Mn/wt% Si/wt% S/wt% P/wt% Fe/wt% ≤0.07 15.5-17.5 ≤1.00 1.00 0.03 0.04 Bal. Note: Bal.—Balance. 
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表 2 堆焊焊条化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of surfacing electrode
Surfacing material C/wt% W/wt% Cr/wt% Mo/wt% V/wt% Mn/wt% Si/wt% S/wt% P/wt% Fe/wt% D322 ≤0.05 7.00-10.00 ≤5.00 ≤2.5 ≤1.00 — — ≤0.035 0.04 Bal. D707 1.50-3.00 40.00-50.00 — — — ≤2.00 ≤4.00 — — Bal.
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表 3 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度高强层堆焊工艺参数
Table 3. 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient high strength layer overlay process parameters
Surfacing material Surfacing layer Welding current/A Thickness/mm D322 Transition layer 130 2 D707 High strength layer 155 5-6
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表 4 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层硬度
Table 4. 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high tensile layer hardness
Sample position Average hardness value (HV0.5) Substrate 409.8 Transition layer 460.5 High strength layer 726.5
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表 5 17-4PH不锈钢表面仿生梯度硬度高强层冲击吸收功
Table 5. Impact absorption function of 17-4PH stainless steel surface bionic gradient hardness high strength layer
Impact absorption function/J Average value/J 15.92 12.90 11.50 10.30 14.06 12.75
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