In-plane compression properties of 3D printed continuous carbon fiber circular improved honeycomb
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摘要: 为提高圆形蜂窝(CH)的抗压缩性能和吸能性能，以CH结构为基础，在横向和竖向上增设树叶形支撑，提出了单向增强圆形蜂窝(SEH)和双向增强圆形蜂窝(DEH)两种改进型蜂窝。以碳纤维(CF)作为增强体，聚乳酸(PLA)为基体，使用连续纤维3D打印技术制造了试验件，并规划结构内部CF的成型路径，同时设置PLA对照组。通过准静态压缩试验研究各蜂窝的面内压缩性能、吸能特性和结构的变形失效模式。结果表明：CF增强后的DEH-CF相较CH-CF在比吸能上提升167.63%。CH、SEH和DEH在采用CF增强后，比吸能相比PLA对照组分别提高43.37%、63.17%和161.58%，平均压缩力分别提高51.72%、61.81%和96.09%。研究发现，CF增强结构内部的纤维路径规划会影响结构的刚度和变形行为，采用“支撑一体化成型”路径的DEH-CF在压缩时，其结构动态泊松比保持在PLA对照组33.36%以下。Abstract: To improve the compression resistance and energy absorption performance of circular honeycomb (CH), two improved honeycomb, single enhanced circular honeycomb (SEH) and double enhanced circular honeycomb (DEH) were designed on the basis of CH structure, and leaf shaped supports were added horizontally and vertically. Using carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcement and polylactic acid (PLA) as matrix, continuous fiber 3D printing technology was used to manufacture test parts, and the forming path of CF bundle inside the structure was designed, PLA control group was set. The in-plane compression properties, energy absorption characteristics and deformation failure modes of the honeycomb structures were investigated by quasi-static compression tests. The results show that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of CF enhanced DEH-CF is improved by 167.63% compared with CH-CF. The SEA are increased by 43.37%, 63.17% and 161.58% and mean crushing force are increased by 51.72%, 61.81% and 96.09% compared with the PLA control group, respectively. The results indicate that the fiber path planning inside the CF reinforced structure would affect the stiffness and deformation behavior of the structure. The dynamic Poisson's ratio of the DEH-CF using the "strut integrated molding path" during compression remains 33.36% lower than that of the PLA control group.
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Key words:
- circular honeycomb /
- in-plane compression /
- continuous fiber /
- path planning /
- 3D printing /
- composite material
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图 1 (a) 连续纤维3D打印设备；(b) 加工示意图
Figure 1. (a) Continuous fiber 3D printing equipment; (b) Processing diagram
图 2 (a) 圆形蜂窝(CH)-碳纤维(CF)试件；(b) 单向增强圆形蜂窝(SEH)-CF试件；(c) 双向增强圆形蜂窝(DEH)-CF试件
Figure 2. (a) Circular honeycomb (CH)-carbon fiber (CF) specimen; (b) Single enhanced circular honeycomb (SEH)-CF specimen; (c) Double enhanced circular honeycomb (DEH)-CF specimen
图 3 (a) DEH单胞示意图；(b) SEH单胞成型轨迹；(c) CH成型轨迹
Figure 3. (a) Diagram of DEH monocell; (b) SEH monocell forming path; (c) CH forming path
r2—Radius of leaf support; ; $ \phi $—Radian of leaf support curve; L, H—Width, height of honeycombs
图 5 采用“支撑一体化成型”路径打印的DEH结构
Figure 5. DEH printed by the path of "strut integrated molding"
图 7 不同蜂窝的面内压缩名义应力-应变曲线：(a) CH；(b) SEH；(c) DEH
Figure 7. In-plane compression stress-strain curves of different honeycombs: (a) CH; (b) SEH; (c) DEH
图 9 变形过程：(a) CH-PLA；(b) CH-CF
Figure 9. Deformation process: (a) CH-PLA; (b) CH-CF
εy—Nominal strain
图 10 变形过程：(a) SEH-PLA；(b) SEH-CF
Figure 10. Deformation process: (a) SEH-PLA; (b) SEH-CF
图 11 变形过程：(a) DEH-PLA；(b) DEH-CF
Figure 11. Deformation process: (a) DEH-PLA; (b) DEH-CF
图 12 蜂窝破坏模式：(a) CH-PLA；(b) CH-CF；(c) SEH-PLA；(d) SEH-CF；(e) DEH-PLA；(f) DEH-CF
Figure 12. Failure mode of honeycombs: (a) CH-PLA; (b) CH-CF; (c) SEH-PLA; (d) SEH-CF; (e) DEH-PLA; (f) DEH-CF
图 15 DEH-PLA变形过程
Figure 15. Deformation process of DEH-PLA
A1-A3—Left end point of DEH; B1-B3—Right end point of DEH
表 1 蜂窝结构设计参数
Table 1. Geometric parameters of honeycomb
$ {r}_{1} $/mm $ {r}_{2} $/mm $ \phi $/(°) L/mm H/mm q/mm 10 14.14 90 60 60 20 Notes: $ {r}_{1} $—Radius of honeycomb outer circle; q—Thickness of honeycombs. 
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表 2 打印成型参数
Table 2. Parameters of printing process
tz/mm $ {V}_{1} $/(mm·min–1) $ {T}_{1} $/℃ $ {n}_{1} $ $ {t}_{\mathrm{H}} $/mm 0.4 130 200 50 1.7 Notes: tz—Thickness of layer; $ {V}_{1} $—Speed of moulding; $ {T}_{1} $—Nozzle temperature; $ {n}_{1} $—Number of layers; $ {t}_{\mathrm{H}} $—Honey-comb wall and strut thickness.
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表 3 蜂窝试验件参数
Table 3. Parameters of honeycomb specimens
Type $ L $/mm $ H $/mm $q$/mm m/g $ \stackrel{-}{\rho } $ CH-PLA 61 61 20 18.1 0.24 CH-CF 61 61 20 18.8 0.24 SEH-PLA 61 61 20 31.1 0.40 SEH-CF 61 61 20 32.1 0.40 DEH-PLA 61 61 20 43.3 0.57 DEH-CF 61 61 20 44.9 0.57 Notes: m—Mass of specimen; $ \stackrel{-}{\rho } $—Relative density; PLA—Poly-lactic acid.
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表 4 各蜂窝结构的吸能参数
Table 4. Energy absorption parameters of each honeycomb
Type $ {\mathit{\varepsilon }}_{\mathbf{d}} $ $ {\mathit{S'}} $/(J·g−1) $({S_{\mathrm{CF} }^{\prime}-S_{\mathrm{PLA} }^{\prime} })/{S_{\mathrm{PLA} }^{\prime} }$ $ {\mathit{M'}}$/kN $({M_{\mathrm{CF} }^{\prime}-M_{\mathrm{PLA} }^{\prime} })/{M_{\mathrm{PLA} }^{\prime} }$ CH-PLA 0.76 3.62 — 1.45 — CH-CF 0.74 5.19 43.37% 2.20 51.72% SEH-PLA 0.59 3.53 — 3.09 — SEH-CF 0.61 5.76 63.17% 5.00 61.81% DEH-PLA 0.42 5.31 — 8.95 — DEH-CF 0.59 13.89 161.58% 17.55 96.09% Notes: $ {\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{d}} $—Densification strain; $ {S'}$—Specific energy absorption; $ {\mathit{M'}} $—Mean crushing force.
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