Effect of ion doping on microwave absorbing properties of sodium alginate/SiO2 aerogels
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摘要: 随着电磁污染的加剧，吸波材料引起了研究者的关注，气凝胶具有轻质、多孔的特性赋予其成为理想吸波材料的潜质。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料，静电纺丝制得PVA/SiO2纳米纤维，高温碳化得到柔性SiO2纳米纤维；将柔性SiO2纳米纤维均化在海藻酸钠(SA)溶液中，冷冻干燥得到SA/SiO2气凝胶；分别引入铝硼硅(AlBSi)、FeCl3作为掺杂剂得到SA/SiO2/AlBSi、SA/SiO2/FeCl3气凝胶，对比分析3种气凝胶吸波性能。结果表明：SA/SiO2经FeCl3掺杂后，SiO2纳米纤维表面有小晶粒存在，这种块状颗粒结构能够产生多重反射和散射、界面极化，提高了气凝胶的介电损耗性能。并且加入FeCl3后，气凝胶的磁损耗虚部增大，提高了气凝胶的磁损耗性能，使其整体吸波性能提高，当厚度为3 mm时，其最大的吸收峰值–23.85 dB在14.42 GHz处达到，具有1.3 GHz (13.82~15.12 GHz)的有效吸收带宽，是一种质轻、吸波性能良好的材料。Abstract: With the intensification of electromagnetic pollution, absorbing materials have attracted the attention of researchers, and airgel has the potential to become an ideal absorbing material due to its light weight and porous characteristics. PVA/SiO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), the flexible SiO2 nanofibers were homogenized in sodium alginate (SA) solution and freezedried to obtain SA/SiO2 aerogels. SA/SiO2/AlBSi and SA/SiO2/FeCl3 aerogels were prepared by introducing AlBSi and FeCl3 as dopants, respectively. Microwave absorbing properties of three kinds of aerogels were analyzed. The results show that there are small particles on the surface of SiO2 nanofibers, which are the SA/SiO2 aerogel doped by FeCl3. This granular structure produces multiple reflection and scattering, interface polarization, which improves the dielectric loss performance of aerogels. After adding FeCl3, the imaginary part of the magnetic loss of the aerogel increases, which improves the magnetic loss performance of the aerogel. Thus, the overall wave absorption performance of aerogel is improved. When the thickness is 3 mm, its maximum absorption peak is –23.85 dB, reaching 14.42 GHz. It has an effective absorption bandwidth of 1.3 GHz (13.82-15.12 GHz). It is a light material with good wave absorption performance.
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Key words:
- SiO2 aerogel /
- doping /
- dielectric loss /
- multiple relaxation /
- wave absorbing performance
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图 1 聚乙烯醇(PVA)/SiO2纳米纤维、SiO2纳米纤维和海藻酸钠(SA)/SiO2气凝胶的红外图谱
Figure 1. FTIR spectra of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO2 nanofibers, SiO2 nanofibers and sodium alginate (SA)/SiO2 aerogel
图 2 SA/SiO2 ((a)~(c))、SA/SiO2/AlBSi ((d)~(f))、SA/SiO2/FeCl3 ((g)~(i))气凝胶的场发射扫描电镜图像
Figure 2. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of SA/SiO2 ((a)-(c)), SA/SiO2/AlBSi ((d)-(f)), SA/SiO2/FeCl3 ((g)-(i)) aerogels
图 3 SA/SiO2/FeCl3气凝胶的EDS图像((a)~(d))、实物照片(e)及元素组成(f)
Figure 3. EDS photographs ((a)-(d)), physical photograph (e) and element composition (f) of SA/SiO2/FeCl3 aerogel
图 4 SA/SiO2、SA/SiO2/AlBSi、SA/SiO2/FeCl3气凝胶的介电常数实部ε' (a)、介电常数虚部ε'' (b)、介电损耗正切角ε''/ε' (c)及其磁导率实部μ' (d)、磁导率虚部μ'' (e)、磁损耗正切角μ''/μ' (f)随频率的变化曲线
Figure 4. Real part of dielectric constant ε' (a), imaginary part of dielectric constant ε'' (b), dielectric loss tangent angle ε''/ε' (c) and change curves of real part of permeability μ' (d), imaginary part of the permeability μ'' (e), magnetic loss tangent angle μ''/μ' (f) with frequency for SA/SiO2, SA/SiO2/AlBSi, SA/SiO2/FeCl3 aerogel
图 5 不同气凝胶的反射率曲线((a), (c), (e))及3D示意图((b), (d), (f))
RL—Reflectivity loss value; d—Thickness
Figure 5. Reflectance curves ((a), (c), (e)) and 3D diagrams ((b), (d), (f)) of different aerogels
图 6 SA/SiO2、SA/SiO2/AlBSi、SA/SiO2/FeCl3气凝胶的衰减系数(a)和SA/SiO2/FeCl3气凝胶阻抗匹配随频率的变化曲线图(b)
α—Attenuation coefficient; Ζ—Impedance matching value
Figure 6. Curves of attenuation coefficient of SA/SiO2, SA/SiO2/AlBSi, SA/SiO2/FeCl3 aerogel (a) and impedance matching of SA/SiO2/FeCl3 aerogel versus frequency (b)
图 7 SA/SiO2 (a)、SA/SiO2/AlBSi (b)、SA/SiO2/FeCl3 (c) 3种气凝胶的ε'–ε''曲线图和涡流损耗C0 (d)变化图
C0—Eddy current loss factor; R—Kohler-kohler semicircle
Figure 7. ε'– ε'' curve and eddy current loss C0 (d) change diagram of SA/SiO2 (a), SA/SiO2/AlBSi (b), SA/SiO2/FeCl3 (c) aerogels
表 1 几种陶瓷基材料的吸波性能对比
Table 1. Comparison of wave absorption properties of several ceramic-based materials
Absorbent material Thickness/mm RL, min/dB Frequency/GHz Effective absorption
frequency band/GHzMaterial content/wt% Ref. SiC 2.4 18.58 15.44 4.56 30 [13] SiCN 3.0 54.35 9.62 4.16 30 [11] SiC/Cf 1.8 40.66 8.31 1.11 30 [23] Fe3O4/SiO2 5.0 37.15 16.90 1.94 30 [24] FeSiAl/SiO2 2.0 17.90 14.83 2.90 37.5 [25] SA/SiO2/FeCl3 3.0 24.23 14.47 1.30 7 This work Note: RL, min—Minimum reflectivity loss. 
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