空心铁基碳纤维复合材料的制备及吸波性能

马茜; 强荣; 邵玉龙; 杨啸; 薛瑞; 陈博文

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230613.002

空心铁基碳纤维复合材料的制备及吸波性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230613.002

马茜¹,
强荣^1, ,,
邵玉龙²,
杨啸¹,
薛瑞¹,
陈博文¹

1.
中原工学院　纺织学院，郑州 450007
2.
黄河科技学院　工学部，郑州 450007

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年基金(51902359)；纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2021044)；校级自然科学面上项目(K2023MS009)；青年骨干教师项目(2020XQG02)

详细信息

通讯作者:
强荣，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为碳基材料的制备及吸波性能研究　E-mail：Casey2009@126.com

中图分类号: TB333
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-30
- 修回日期: 2023-05-02
- 录用日期: 2023-05-22
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-14
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Preparation and microwave absorption performance of hollow iron-based carbon fiber composites

1.
College of Textiles, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
2.
Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe S&T University, Zhengzhou 450007, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51902359); Science and Technology Guidance Project of Textile Industry Federation (2021044); General Program of Zhongyuan University of Technology (K2023MS009); Backbone Teacher Program (2020XQG02)

摘要

摘要: 为了改善因通信和电子设备的快速发展而造成的日益严重的电磁污染，解决磁性碳基吸波材料制备方法繁杂、能耗高等问题。提出了一种新型铁基碳纤维吸波材料的开发方法，以空心杨絮纤维为载体，Fe³⁺为金属源，采用湿式化学吸附和高温碳热还原的方法，得到了具有优良微波吸收性能的Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料。实验结果表明：随煅烧温度升高，铁组分与杨絮中含氧基团结合生成不同的铁的氧化物(Fe/Fe₃O₄/FeO)，材料的矫顽力和饱和磁化强度增强，铁磁特性明显；Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600吸收剂厚度为3 mm 时，有效吸收带宽可达 8.4 GHz (7.2~15.6 GHz) ，复合材料优异的吸波性能归因于适宜的阻抗匹配和介电损耗与磁损耗的协同增强，相互搭载的纤维结构为电磁波构筑了适宜的衰减空间，并在碳纤维导电网络中快速衰减，研究将为新型铁基碳纤维吸波材料的设计开发提供借鉴。
- 铁基碳纤维 /
- 多孔 /
- 吸波 /
- 极化 /
- 介电损耗 /
- 磁损耗
Abstract: In order to improve the increasingly serious electromagnetic pollution caused by the rapid development of communication and electronic devices, and solve the problems of complicated preparation methods and high energy consumption of magnetic carbon-based absorbing materials, this project proposes a new method for developing iron-based carbon fiber absorbing materials. Using hollow poplar catkin fibers as carriers, Fe³⁺ as the metal source, and wet chemical adsorption and high-temperature carbon thermal reduction methods, Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composite materials with excellent microwave absorption properties were obtained. The experimental results show that as the calcination temperature increases, different iron oxides (Fe/Fe₃O₄/FeO) are generated by combining the iron component with oxygen-containing groups in the Yangxu fibers, and the coercivity and saturation magnetization of the material are enhanced, and the ferromagnetic properties are obvious. Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600 has the best absorption performance, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 8.4 GHz (7.2-15.6 GHz) when the thickness of the absorber is 3 mm. The excellent absorption performance of the composite material is attributed to the synergy of impedance matching and dielectric loss and magnetic loss, and the mutually carried fiber structure builds a suitable attenuation space for electromagnetic waves and quickly attenuates in the carbon fiber conductive network. The research will provide reference for the design and development of new iron based carbon fiber absorbing materials.
- iron-based carbon fiber /
- porous structure /
- microwave absorption /
- polarization /
- dielectric loss /
- magnetic loss

HTML全文

图 1 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料制备流程图

Figure 1. Preparation flow chart of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 2 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD patterns of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 3 杨絮前驱体(a)、Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-700复合材料(b)、 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600复合材料(c)、Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-800复合材料(d)的SEM图像

Figure 3. SEM images of poplar flock precursors (a), Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-700 composites (b), Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600 composites (c), Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-800 composites (d)

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图 4 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600复合材料的TEM图像

d—Fringe spacing

Figure 4. TEM images of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600 composite

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图 5 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的TG曲线

Figure 5. TG curves of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 6 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的Raman图谱

I_D/I_G—Intensity ratio of peak D to peak G

Figure 6. Raman patterns of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 7 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600复合材料的XPS总谱图(a)、Fe1s (b)、C1s (c)、N1s (d)

Sat.—Satellite peak

Figure 7. XPS total spectrum (a), Fe1s (b), C1s (c), N1s (d) of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600 composites

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图 8 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的磁滞回线图(a)和局部放大图(b)

Figure 8. Magnetic hysteresis loop (a) and partial enlargement (b) of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 9 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的介电常数实部ε' (a)、介电常数虚部ε'' (b)、介电损耗正切值tanδ_ε (c)、复磁导率实部μ' (d)、复磁导率虚部μ'' (e)、复磁损耗正切值tanδ_μ (f)

Figure 9. Real part of the dielectric constant ε' (a), imaginary part of the dielectric constant ε'' (b), dielectric loss tangent tanδ_ε (c), complex magnetic permeability real part μ' (d), complex magnetic permeability imaginary part μ'' (e), complex magnetic loss tangent tanδ_μ (f) of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composite

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图 10 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料C₀的曲线

C₀—The numerical values calculated from the real and imaginary parts of the complex magnetic permeability, as well as the frequency

Figure 10. C₀ curves of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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图 11 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600、Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-700、Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-800的二维反射损耗((a)~(c))、三维反射损耗((d)~(f))、阻抗匹配图((g)~(i))

Figure 11. 2D reflection loss ((a)-(c)), 3D reflection loss ((d)-(f)), and impedance matching diagram ((g)-(i)) of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600, Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-700, Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-800

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图 12 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料衰减因子曲线

Figure 12. Attenuation factor curves of Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composite

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图 13 Fe-Fe_xO_y/C复合材料的电磁波衰减机制

Figure 13. Attenuation mechanism of electromagnetic waves in Fe-Fe_xO_y/C composites

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表 1 不同煅烧温度后的样品

Table 1. Samples after different calcination temperatures

Material	Calcination temperature/℃
Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600	600
Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-700	700
Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-800	800

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表 2 吸波性能对比

Table 2. Comparison of wave absorption performance

Microwave absorption materials	Reflection loss/ dB	Microwave absorption bandwidth/GHz	Ref.
CSBS-2.5	−20.0	6.4	[36]
WPC-1	−50.0	4.8	[37]
FK-SDC	−18.0	4.8	[38]
TiP₂O₇/C	−32.4	6.0	[39]
PRHC-900	−43.0	3.7	[40]
Co@NPC	−51.2	4.4	[41]
Ni(OH)₂/AC	−23.2	—	[42]
Fe₃O₄/PBC	−44.8	4.7	[43]
HPMC-1.0	−52.0	—	[44]
Fe₃O₄/FeCo/C	−37.4	5.9	[45]
PPy/Fe₃O₄/CNTs	−47.7	2.4	[46]
G-LNL/ Fe₃O₄	−46.8	4.4	[47]
Fe-Fe_xO_y/C-600	−43.5	8.4	This work
Notes: CSBS—Coconut shell-based biomass carbon; WPC—Stirring watermelon pulp before carbonization; FK-SDC—High temperature carbonization of the treated soybean dregs; PRHC-900—Treated rice husk powder after high temperature carboni-zation; NPC—Nanoporous carbon; AC—Carbon; PBC—Porous biomass carbon; HPMC—Hierarchically porous magnetic carbon; PPy—Ternary polypyrrole; CNTs—Carbon nanotubes; G-LNL—3D graphene-like networks material.

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