电磁屏蔽导电涂料的研究与应用进展

李明展; 李恩; 潘亚敏; 刘宪虎

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230530.003

电磁屏蔽导电涂料的研究与应用进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230530.003

郑州大学　材料科学与工程学院，橡塑模具国家工程研究中心，郑州 450001

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2019 YFA0706802)

详细信息

通讯作者:
潘亚敏，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，研究方向为高分子材料的功能化成型加工研究　E-mail: yamin.pan@zzu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB34；TB33
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-06
- 修回日期: 2023-05-11
- 录用日期: 2023-05-24
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-31
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-01

Research and application of electromagnetic shielding conductive coating

National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program (2019 YFA0706802)

摘要

摘要: 为了深入了解电磁屏蔽导电涂料的制备与性能，促进高性能、低成本的电磁屏蔽导电涂料研究与应用发展，本文首先介绍了涂料的导电机制和电磁屏蔽基本原理。其次，以不同类别的导电填料和树脂基体为重点，系统介绍了各类材料结构、性能的差异对涂料整体性能的影响，综述了当前的研究进展及针对实际应用进行的多功能改良。最后，针对电磁屏蔽涂料目前在填料结构、填料合成、聚合物基体与填料的相容性的问题进行了总结及表达了对未来产业发展的展望。
- 电磁屏蔽 /
- 导电涂料 /
- 导电填料 /
- 聚合物基体 /
- 屏蔽效能 /
- 复合材料
Abstract: In order to deeply understand the preparation and properties of electromagnetic shielding conductive coatings and promote the large-scale production of high-efficiency and low-cost coatings, this paper first introduces the conductive mechanism of coatings and the basic principles of electromagnetic shielding. Secondly, focusing on different types of conductive fillers and resin matrices that constitute coatings, the effects of various materials on the overall performance of coatings due to differences in structure and properties are systematically introduced. The current research progress and multi-functional improvement for practical applications are reviewed. Finally, the problems of electromagnetic shielding coatings in filler structure, filler synthesis, compatibility of polymer matrix and filler are summarized and the prospect of future industrial development is expressed.
- electromagnetic shielding /
- conductive coating /
- conductive filler /
- polymer matrix /
- shielding effectiveness /
- composite materials

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图 1 电磁波穿过材料的路径图

Figure 1. Path of electromagnetic wave through the material

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图 2 (a) 银片 “砖-泥”结构^[34]；(b) 银线密集网络^[35]；(c) 银球连接结构^[36]

AgNPs—Ag nanoparticles; GR—Graphene

Figure 2. (a) Silver sheet "brick-mud" structure^[34]; (b) Silver line dense network^[35]; (c) Silver ball connection structure^[36]

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图 3 (a) 涂层表面铜粒子(CuNPs)排列密集网络结构^[37]；(b) 11vol%微米铜粉涂层在织物表面(i)及断面(ii)图^[38]；(c) 片状镀银铜粉排列结构^[32]

Figure 3. (a) Copper particles (CuNPs) on the surface of the coating are arranged in a dense network structure^[37]; (b) 11vol% micron copper powder coating on fabric surface (i) and cross section (ii)^[38]; (c) Arrangement structure of flake silver-plated copper powder^[32]

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图 4 (a) 渗流阈值时镍粉涂层的表面形貌^[39]；(b) 聚多巴胺(PDA)修饰Ni/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)涂层表面形貌^[40]

Figure 4. (a) Surface morphology of nickel powder coating at seepage threshold^[39]; (b) Surface morphology of polydopamine (PDA) modified Ni/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) coatings^[40]

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图 5 (a) 聚氯乙烯(PVC)基板上镓铟合金(GIN)涂层的表面形貌^[42]；(b) 80wt%液态金属(LM)在纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)层间导电结构^[43]

Figure 5. (a) Surface morphology of gallium indium alloy (GIN) coating on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate^[42]; (b) 80wt% liquid metal (LM) conductive structure between cellulose nanofiber (CNF) layers^[43]

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图 6 (a) 炭黑/聚酰亚胺(CB/PI)多孔涂层中的结构与分布^[47]；(b) CB导电油墨涂覆后聚酯棉表面光学显微镜图片(i)和SEM图像(ii)^[48]

Figure 6. (a) Structure and distribution of carbon black/polyimide (CB/PI) porous coating^[47]; (b) CB conductive ink coated polyester cotton surface optical microscope image (i) and SEM image (ii)^[48]

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图 7 (a) 片状石墨粉在树脂基体分散状态^[29]；(b) 不同含量氧化石墨烯(GO)构建的导电网络^[49]；(c) 碳化涂层表面结构^[50]

Figure 7. (a) Dispersion state of flake graphite powder in resin matrix^[29]; (b) Conductive network constructed by different content of graphene oxide (GO)^[49]; (c) Carbonized coating surface structure^[50]

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图 8 (a) 表面沉积碳纳米管(CNTs)导电网络^[53]；(b) 内嵌Ag的CNTs导电网络结构^[54]

Figure 8. (a) Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conductive network deposited on the surface^[53]; (b) Ag-embedded CNTs conductive network structure^[54]

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图 9 (a) 不同填料Fe₃O₄ (i)和BaTiO₃ (ii)分散在聚苯胺(PANI)基体的涂层形貌^[62]；(b) 铝掺杂氧化锌(AZO)/Ag/AZO薄膜AFM图像^[61]；(c) 9.0%锑掺杂氧化锡(ATO)互连导电网络结构^[63]

Figure 9. (a) Coating morphology of different fillers Fe₃O₄ (i) and BaTiO₃ (ii) dispersed in polyaniline (PANI) matrix^[62]; (b) AFM images of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/Ag/AZO films^[61]; (c) 9.0% antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) interconnect conductive network structure^[63]

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图 10 (a) MXene-银纳米线(AgNW)透明导电薄膜表面导电结构^[65]；(b) 磁性MXene-SiO₂涂层表面层状网络及屏蔽原理^[66]

Figure 10. (a) Surface conductive structure of MXene-silver nanowires (AgNW) transparent conductive film^[65]; (b) Layered network and shielding principle of magnetic MXene-SiO₂ coating surface^[66]

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图 11 (a) 碳纤维无纺布涂层表面^[71]：(i) 叶片型沸石咪唑酸盐框架(B-ZIFL)密集排列结构；(ii) 转化为CNTs后结构；(b) 碳纤维毡(CFelt)表面浸渍涂层^[69]：(i) 负载ZIF-67；(ii) 导电网络接触结构

Figure 11. (a) Carbon fiber nonwoven coating surface^[71]: (i) Leaf-type zeolite imidazolate framework (B-ZIFL) dense arrangement structure; (ii) Structure after conversion to CNTs; (b) Carbon fiber felt (CFelt) surface impregnated coating^[69]: (i) Load ZIF-67; (ii) Conductive network contact structure

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图 12 涂层表面形貌^[74]：(a) 纯环氧树脂涂层；(b) Ni_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x改性树脂涂层

Figure 12. Coating surface morphology^[74]: (a) Pure epoxy resin coating; (b) Ni_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄/Ti₃C₂T_x modified resin coating

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图 13 (a) PI织物FeCoNiO_x-PDA-RGO/水性聚氨酯(WPU)涂层^[76]；(b) 自愈合涂层^[77]：(i) 划痕样品；(ii) 微波吸热后自愈合

Figure 13. (a) FeCoNiO_x-PDA-rGO/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coating on PI fabric^[76]; (b) Self-healing coating^[77]: (i) Scratch sample; (ii) Self-healing after microwave endothermic

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图 14 不同水性丙烯酸树脂∶银粉∶石墨∶炭黑质量比下涂层的表面形貌：(a) 5∶3∶2∶0.8；(b) 5∶3∶2∶1.2^[80]

Figure 14. Coating surface morphology for different mass ratio of waterborne acrylic resin∶silver powder∶graphite∶carbon black: (a) 5∶3∶2∶0.8; (b) 5∶3∶2∶1.2^[80]

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