烧蚀型防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的制备及性能

宋若康; 张梦珊; 戴珍; 潘振雪; 洪义强; 朱宇

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230524.001

烧蚀型防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的制备及性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20230524.001

1.
北京机电工程总体设计部，北京 100854
2.
北京机械设备研究所，北京 100076

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(52003027)

详细信息

通讯作者:
戴珍，博士，研究员，研究方向为防隔热复合材料　E-mail: daizhen@iccas.ac.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-24
- 修回日期: 2023-04-26
- 录用日期: 2023-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-01

Preparation and properties of multi-functional composite integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

1.
Beijing System Design Institute of Electro Mechanic Engineering, Beijing 100854, China
2.
Beijing Machinery and Equipment Research Institute, Beijing 100076, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (52003027)

摘要

摘要: 本文分别以传统酚醛树脂和新型有机硅树脂为树脂基体，针刺缝合石英纤维织物为增强材料，双层电阻性超材料为吸波层，采用高压树脂传递模塑成型工艺(HP-RTM)制备了两种烧蚀防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料。系统研究了材料的微观组织、力学性能及烧蚀对其吸波性能的影响机制。结果表明：采用传统酚醛树脂和有机硅树脂制备的两种多功能一体化复合材料组织均匀、力学性能优异，材料在2~18 GHz的平均反射率低于−10 dB，尤其在S、C、X中低频段吸波性能优异，吸收率大于90%的有效带宽大于9 GHz，这主要归因于介质层的良好透波性和双层超材料的谐振吸波效应。然而，酚醛树脂基一体化复合材料在石英灯烧蚀后，表面形成了高电导率的连续碳层，成为雷达波强反射体，导致其吸波性能几乎全部丧失，相比之下，由于有机硅树脂基一体化复合材料在烧蚀后残碳量少、不连续，其吸波性能没有明显降低，仅波形向高频偏移了2 dB，该材料在高温烧蚀隐身领域具有较大的应用潜力。
- 有机硅树脂 /
- 雷达吸波 /
- 烧蚀 /
- 超材料 /
- 反射率
Abstract: In this paper, two kinds of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing were prepared by high pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM), employing traditional phenolic and silicone resin as matrix, needle stitched quartz fiber fabric as reinforcing material, and metamaterials as radar absorbing layers. The effects of microstructure, mechanical properties, and ablation on the microwave absorbing properties of the multi-functional composites were systematically investigated. The results show that the two multi-functional composites prepared have uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties. The average reflectivity of the composites in 2-18 GHz are lower than −10 dB, especially in S, C, and X bands, and the effective bandwidth is wider than 9 GHz, which is ascribed to the good transmissivity of the medium layer and the resonant absorption effect of metamaterial layers. However, a continuous carbon layer with high conductivity are formed on the surface of phenolic matrix composite after ablation, which seriously degraded its wave absorbing property. In contrast, the wave absorbing property of silicone matrix composite remains the same due to discontinuity of the carbon layer with band shifting to high frequency, which shows its great application potential in high temperature ablation/stealth field.
- silicone resin /
- radar absorption /
- ablation /
- metamaterials /
- reflection loss

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图 1 含硼聚硅氧烷树脂(PSOB)的合成路线

Figure 1. Synthetic route for boron containing polysiloxane (PSOB)

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图 2 PSOB的等温黏度曲线(80℃)

Figure 2. Isothermal viscosity curve (80℃) of PSOB

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图 3 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料结构示意图

Figure 3. Structure diagram of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

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图 4 超材料吸波层及多功能一体化复合材料试板：(a) 超材料吸波层；(b) 1^#试样；(c) 2^#试样

Figure 4. Photos of electromagnetic metamaterial absorber sheets and multi-functional composite: (a) Metamaterial absorber sheets; (b) 1^# sample; (c) 2^# sample

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图 5 新型含硼硅树脂的化学结构表征：(a) FTIR图谱；(b) ¹H-NMR；(c) ²⁹Si-NMR；(d) ¹¹B-NMR

Figure 5. Characterization of chemical structure of new borosilicate resins: (a) FTIR spectrum; (b) ¹H-NMR; (c) ²⁹Si-NMR; (d) ¹¹B-NMR

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图 6 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料微观组织：(a) 1^#表面；(b) 1^#截面；(c) 2^#表面；(d) 2^#截面

Figure 6. Microstructure of multi-functional composites integratedwith heat-shielding and radar-absorbing: (a) Surface of sample 1^#; (b) Cross section of sample 1^#; (c) Surface of sample 2^#; (d) Cross section of sample 2^#

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图 7 介质层在2~18 GHz频段的法向雷达透波性能

Figure 7. Vertical radar transmittance of the medium layer in 2-18 GHz

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图 8 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的雷达反射率

Figure 8. Reflection loss curves of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

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图 9 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的石英灯烧蚀试验测试结果

Figure 9. Ablation tests of multi-functional composites integratedwith heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

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图 10 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料烧蚀后形貌特征：(a) 1^#表面；(b) 1^#截面；(c) 2^#表面；(d) 2^#截面

Figure 10. Microstructure of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing after ablation: (a) Surface of sample 1^#; (b) Cross section of sample 1^#; (c) Surface of sample 2^#; (d) Cross section of sample 2^#

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图 11 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料烧蚀后的雷达反射率

Figure 11. Reflection loss curves of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing after ablation

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图 12 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料烧蚀前后表面碳含量变化：((a), (a1)) 1^#烧蚀前；((b), (b1)) 1^#烧蚀后；((c), (c1)) 2^#烧蚀前；((d), (d1)) 2^#烧蚀后

Figure 12. Change of surface carbon content before and after ablation of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing: ((a), (a1)) 1^# before ablation; ((b), (b1)) 1^# after ablation; ((c), (c1)) 2^# before ablation; ((d), (d1)) 2^# after ablation

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表 1 高压树脂传递模塑成型(HP-RTM)注射工艺参数

Table 1. Injection process parameters of high pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM)

Items	Injection pressure/MPa	Injection temperature/℃	Viscosity/ (mPa·s)
1^#	1.2	80	300
2^#	1.2	80	260

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表 2 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的力学性能

Table 2. Mechanical properties of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

Items	Density/cm³	Tensile stress/MPa	Modulus/GPa	Elongation/%	Interlaminar shear strength/MPa
1^#	1.6	95.2	8.7	1.5	32
2^#	1.5	90.4	6.3	1.6	28

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表 3 防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料雷达反射率测试

Table 3. Results of reflection loss tests of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing

Sample	Parameter	f/GHz	R_L/dB
1^#	Avg.	2.00-18.00	−10.00
	Max	2.00	−2.74
	Min	10.64	−20.54
2^#	Avg.	2.00-18.00	−10.85
	Max	18.00	−3.39
	Min	11.08	−39.49

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表 4 烧蚀后防热/吸波多功能一体化复合材料的雷达反射率

Table 4. Reflection loss of multi-functional composites integrated with heat-shielding and radar-absorbing after ablation

Sample	Parameter	f/GHz	R_L/dB
1^#	Avg.	2.00-18.00	−0.52
	Max	2.00	0.27
	Min	16.72	−2.46
2^#	Avg.	2.00-18.00	−10.48
	Max	18.00	−0.71
	Min	12.56	−27.47

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