Damping and mechanical properties of novel CuAlNi/Al composites prepared by infiltration technique
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摘要: 选用CuAlNi形状记忆合金作为阻尼增强相，设计并制备了新型枣糕状CuAlNi/Al复合材料。制备过程主要由两个步骤组成，首先基于造孔剂颗粒的空间占位和溶除，通过粉末冶金工艺制备了CuAlNi泡沫，随后在此基础上，采用真空负压渗流技术制备了CuAlNi/Al复合材料。详细考察了复合材料的微观结构、阻尼和压缩力学性能。内耗测试表明，CuAlNi/Al复合材料可以实现超高的阻尼能力，远高于相应的Al基体，在室温附近的阻尼值甚至是纯Al的6倍。复合材料优异的阻尼能力不仅来源于CuAlNi合金增强相的高本征阻尼能力，还与CuAlNi和纯Al之间引入的弱结合界面阻尼及复合材料中与残余微孔相关的附加阻尼有关。此外，当CuAlNi/Al复合材料中Al体积分数高于59.5vol%时，具有和纯Al相似的压缩应力-应变曲线和形变机制，但呈现更高的压缩力学强度和能量吸收能力。
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关键词:
- CuAlNi/Al复合材料 /
- 阻尼能力 /
- 力学性能 /
- 微观结构 /
- 粉末冶金
Abstract: CuAlNi shape memory alloy is chosen as damping reinforced phase, then novel jujube-cake shaped CuAlNi/Al composites were designed and prepared. The whole preparation process can be summarized as two steps, i.e. initial production of parent CuAlNi foam by powder metallurgy process basing on space occupation and dissolution of pore-forming agent and subsequent fabrication of CuAlNi/Al composites by negative pressure infiltration. The microstructure, damping and compressive mechanical properties of the composites were investigated in details. Internal friction measurements indicate that the CuAlNi/Al composites can obtain ultrahigh damping capacity, and the value of damping near the room temperature is even 6 times relative to pure Al. The excellent damping capacity of the composite is rationalized not only to relate to high intrinsic damping of CuAlNi reinforcement, but also to associate with the weak-bonding interface damping introduced between CuAlNi and pure Al and the additional damping arising from the residual micro-pores in the composites. Moreover, the composites exhibit similar compressive stress-strain curves and deformation mechanism as pure Al when the Al volume percent in the composite is more than 59.5vol%, but higher compressive mechanical strength and energy absorption capacity.-
Key words:
- CuAlNi/Al composite /
- damping capacity /
- mechanical properties /
- microstructure /
- powder metallurgy
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图 1 CuAlNi泡沫和CuAlNi/Al复合材料制备过程示意图
Figure 1. Illustration of preparation processing of CuAlNi foam and CuAlNi/Al composite
图 2 (a) CuAlNi 泡沫；(b) CuAlNi/Al复合材料
Figure 2. (a) CuAlNi foams; (b) CuAlNi/Al composites
图 3 CuAlNi 泡沫((a1), (a2))和CuAlNi/Al复合材料((b1), (b2))的宏观形貌
Figure 3. Macromorphologies of CuAlNi foam ((a1), (a2)) and CuAlNi/Al composite ((b1), (b2))
图 4 CuAlNi/Al 复合材料微观形貌：((a)~(c)) 倍率不同的微观结构；(d) CuAlNi合金和纯Al间界面结构(虚线包围区域)；(e) CuAlNi 微观结构(矩形区域孔壁上大孔被纯Al填充)；(f) CuAlNi 微观结构(其中椭圆区域孔壁上小孔或闭孔未被纯Al填充)
Figure 4. Micromorphologies of CuAlNi/Al composites: ((a)-(c)) Microstructures with various magnification; (d) Interface between pure Al and CuAlNi alloy as the area surrounded by dotted lines; (e) CuAlNi microstructure containing macropores filled by pure Al in rectangular region; (f) CuAlNi microstructure containing micropores or closed pores not filled by pure Al in elliptic region
图 5 CuAlNi/Al 复合材料中纯Al体积分数与CuAlNi泡沫真实孔隙率和理论孔隙率的依赖关系
Figure 5. Dependence of Al volume percent in CuAlNi/Al composite on actual and theoretical porosity of CuAlNi foam
图 6 CuAlNi/Al复合材料压缩应力-应变曲线：(a) 复合材料和纯Al，其中复合材料中纯Al体积分数高于59.5vol%；(b) 复合材料和CuAlNi泡沫，其中复合材料中纯Al体积分数低于52.2vol% (插图为孔隙率75.7%的CuAlNi泡沫)
Figure 6. Compressive stress-strain curves of CuAlNi/Al composites: (a) Composites and pure Al, where the Al volume percent in the composites is more than 59.5vol%; (b) Composites and CuAlNi foam, where the Al volume percent in the composites is less than 52.2vol% (Inset shows the compressive curve of CuAlNi foam with the porosity of 75.7%)
图 7 不同应变下原位压缩图像：(a) CuAlNi/Al复合材料；(b) 纯Al；(c) CuAlNi泡沫
Figure 7. In-situ compressive images at different strains: (a) CuAlNi/Al composite; (b) Pure Al; (c) CuAlNi foam
图 8 CuAlNi/Al 复合材料的吸能能力
Figure 8. Energy-absorption capacity C of CuAlNi/Al composites
图 9 内耗(IF)-温度谱：(a) CuAlNi/Al 复合材料；(b) 纯Al
Figure 9. Internal friction (IF)-temperatur spectra: (a) CuAlNi/Al composite; (b) Pure Al
图 10 CuAlNi/Al复合材料内耗与升温速率依赖关系
Figure 10. Dependence of internal friction of CuAlNi/Al composite on heating rate
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