Green multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material for 5G mm-wave
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摘要: 为解决5G毫米波带来的电磁辐射及现有电磁屏蔽材料造成的环境二次污染、高雷达散射截面、光学不透明和难以共形等问题，本文以超材料吸波体为基础，提出了一个满足绿色屏蔽指数gs≥1的低雷达散射截面、光学透明和柔性多性能电磁屏蔽材料。该电磁屏蔽材料属于人工可设计的多层结构，使用透明导电材料氧化铟锡作为周期性谐振单元结构和底层铺地所用材料，透明材料聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯作为介质层。仿真和实验结果一致性表明：该屏蔽材料在22~30 GHz频段内可实现未共形与共形角度60°状态>30 dB的绿色有效电磁屏蔽及>5 dB的雷达散射截面(RCS)缩减。理论推导的等效电路、等效参数和场分布论证了吸收屏蔽的原理。该绿色多性能电磁屏蔽材料精确覆盖了毫米波n257、n258和n261频段，可有效解决这些频段带来的电磁干扰问题。Abstract: In order to solve the electromagnetic radiation brought by 5G mm-wave, and environmental secondary pollution, high radar scattering cross section, optical opaque and difficult to conformal caused by the existing electromagnetic shielding materials. A multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material based on a metamaterial absorber was proposed in this paper, which can meet the green shielding index gs≥1 with low radar cross section (RCS), optical transparency, and flexible performances. This electromagnetic shielding material belongs to a manually designable multi-layer structure, in which the transparent conductive material indium tin oxide was used as the periodic resonant unit structure and the underlying floor material. The transparent materials polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were used as the dielectric layer. The consistency between simulation and experimental results shows that in the frequency range of 22-30 GHz, and un-conformal and conformal angle of 45° states, the proposed shielding material can achieve >30 dB green effective electromagnetic shielding and >5 dB RCS reduction. The equivalent circuit of theoretical derivation, and equivalent parameters, field distribution demonstrated the principle of absorption shielding. The green multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material accurately covers the 5G mm-wave n257, n258, and n261 frequency bands, which can effectively solve the electromagnetic interference problem caused by these frequency bands.
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图 1 (a) 超材料吸波体的工作概念图；(b) 单元结构的3D视图；(c) 单元结构刻蚀氧化铟锡(ITO)层俯视图
PVC—Polyvinyl chloride; PET—Polyethylene terephthalate; l—Length; a—Side length; t—Thickness
Figure 1. (a) Working conceptual illustration of the proposed metamaterial absorber; (b) 3D-view of the unit cell; (c) Top view of the etched indium tin oxide (ITO) layer of the unit cell
图 2 未共形状态超材料吸波体的S参数、反射率(R(ω))、透射比(T(ω))和吸收率(A(ω)) (a)及不同极化角下的A(ω) (b)；不同共形角状态S参数(c) 和A(ω) (d)
Figure 2. In the non-conformal state of S-parameters, reflectivity (R(ω)), transmittance (T(ω)) and absorptivity (A(ω)) (a) and A(ω) at different polarization angles (b); In different conformal angles state of S-parameters (c) and A(ω) of the proposed metamaterial absorber (d)
|S11|—Reflection coefficient; |S21|—Transmission coefficient; α—Conformal angle; φ—Polarization angle; θ—Incident angle; E—Electric field; H—Magnetic field; k—Wave vector
图 3 (a) 超材料吸波体的等效电路模型；(b) 具有双谐振点的ADS等效电路；(c) 垂直入射下仿真与等效电路吸收率对比(插图为L-C关系式)
Figure 3. (a) Equivalent circuit model of the proposed metamaterial absorber; (b) Equivalent circuit with double resonant points in ADS; (c) Comparison of absorptivity between simulation and equivalent circuit under vertical incidence (The inset shows L-C relation)
Z0—Wave impedance in free space; Zin—Input impedance of the absorber; Za—Impedance of top layer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate; Zb—Impedance of the ITO layer with etched shape; Zc—Impedance of the bottom layer PVC substrate; Zt—Equal to Za and Zc; R1, R2—Calculated resistances;L1, L2—Calculated inductance; C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6—Calculated capacitance; t1—Thickness of the top layer PVC substrate; t2—Thickness of the bottom layer PVC substrate; CST—Computer simulation technology
图 4 25.5 GHz下超材料吸波体的电场分布 (a) 及ITO刻蚀层 (b) 和背板层 (c) 的表面电流分布
Figure 4. Electric field distribution (a) and surface current distribution of ITO etched layer (b) and back-plane layer (c) of proposed metamaterial absorber at 25.5 GHz
图 5 超材料吸波体的等效阻抗 (a) 及等效介电常数和磁导率 (b)
Figure 5. Equivalent impedance (a) and equivalent permittivity and permeability (b) of the proposed metamaterial absorber
图 6 超材料吸波体的屏蔽效能：(a) 未共形状态；(b) 不同共形角状态(插图为绿色屏蔽指数)；未共形状态不同入射角时的屏蔽效能横电波(TE) (c)和横磁波(TM)极化(d)
Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of the proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Different conformal angles states (The inset is green shielding index); Shielding effectiveness of the proposed metamaterial absorber at different incident angles in un-conformal state transverse electric wave (TE) (c) and transverse magnetic wave (TM) polarizations (d)
SER—Reflective shielding; SEA—Absorption shielding; SE—Total shielding; gs—Green shielding index
图 7 未共形状态 (a) 和不同共形角状态 (b)下超材料吸波体的RCS
Figure 7. RCS of the proposed metamaterial absorber in un-conformal (a) and different conformal angles states (b)
图 8 超材料吸波体样品的测试示意图: (a) S参数；(b) RCS
Figure 8. Test schematic diagram of proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) S-parameter; (b) RCS
图 9 超材料吸波体的测试与仿真S参数对比：(a)未共形状态；(b)共形角45°状态；测试与仿真屏蔽效能对比：(c)未共形状态；(d)共形角45°状态
Figure 9. Comparison of S-parameters between measurement and simulation of proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Conformal angle of 45° states; Comparison of shielding effectiveness between measurement and simulation: (c) Un-conformal; (d) Conformal angle of 45° states
图 10 超材料吸波体的测试与仿真RCS缩减对比：(a) 未共形状态；(b) 共形角45°状态
Figure 10. Comparison of RCS reduction between measurement and simulation of the proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Conformal angle of 45° states
图 11 超材料吸波体的光学透明度测试(插图为共形状态与未共形状态的样品)
Figure 11. Optical transparency measurement of the proposed metamaterial absorber (Insets are samples in conformal and un-conformal states)
表 1 本文与相关文献性能比较
Table 1. Performance comparison between this paper and related literatures
Refs. Relative band/
GHzP-Ic O-Td Flexibility SE/dB gs≥1 [12] 8-12b No Yes Yes <16.36 No R(ω) [13] 8-12b No No Yes ~54 1.44 [15] 18-26.5b No No No 30 − [16] 18-26 b Yes No Yes 13 − [17] 12.4-18b Yes No No 32.6 − [21] 24, 28a No No No − − [23] 7.8-12.4a,b Yes Yes No >25 − [24] 7.8-18a,b Yes Yes No >18.25 − [25] 26.8-28.2a Yes Yes No − − This work 22-30a,b Yes Yes Yes >30 Yes Notes: a—Absorption bandwidth over 90%; b—Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding bandwidth; c—Polarization insensitive; d—Optical transparency. 
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