面向5G毫米波的绿色多性能电磁屏蔽材料

李姝颖; 姜玉莹; 戴会娟; 刘亮亮; 顾长青; 李茁

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221207.001

面向5G毫米波的绿色多性能电磁屏蔽材料

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221207.001

1.
南京航空航天大学　电子信息工程学院，南京 211106
2.
南京工业职业技术大学　电气工程学院，南京 210016

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61771238；61871215；61701246)

详细信息

通讯作者:
李茁，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为新型电磁超材料、表面等离激元等　E-mail: lizhuo@nuaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: O631；TB34；TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-10
- 修回日期: 2022-11-03
- 录用日期: 2022-11-28
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Green multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material for 5G mm-wave

1.
College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China
2.
School of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210016, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771238; 61871215; 61701246)

摘要

摘要: 5G通信时代，由于6GHz以下的频谱资源已经相对紧张，很难找到适合5G连续大带宽的频谱，可提供更宽的频谱、更高的容量以及更低的时延的5G毫米波有了更大的用武之地。大量5G基站建立带来的电磁辐射问题不容小觑，高频信号的过量辐射不仅会造成信息的泄露，还会威胁到人类健康。电磁屏蔽材料因其实际应用价值而受到学者们的广泛研究。近年来，多性能集成的屏蔽材料因扩大了实际场景而受到学者们更多关注。随着人类社会发展，学者们也将目光放到了对材料内外环境友好的绿色屏蔽材料研究上，而当前适用于5G毫米波频段的绿色多性能屏蔽材料还非常稀缺。本文基于超材料吸波体，设计了一款绿色多性能电磁屏蔽材料，其在未共形与不同共形角状态下能实现5G毫米波n257、n258和n261频段>30dB且绿色指数g_s≥1的绿色有效电磁屏蔽，可有效减小毫米波频段的电磁干扰，并解决了现有高导电性屏蔽材料带来的环境二次污染问题。同时具备微波低RCS与可见光透明性能，这有效解决了高导电性屏蔽材料带来的高RCS特性，可见光透明与柔性可共形特性更是扩大了其应用场景。理论推导了等效电路对该绿色电磁屏蔽材料的绿色屏蔽机制进行了论证。1绿色多性能电磁屏蔽材料屏蔽效能 (a)未共形(b)不同共形角状态，插图为绿色指数; (c)等效电路与仿真吸收率对比图 (d) RCS缩减
- 5G毫米波 /
- 绿色电磁屏蔽 /
- 多性能 /
- 雷达散射截面(RCS)缩减 /
- 超材料吸波体 /
- 等效电路
Abstract: In order to solve the electromagnetic radiation brought by 5G mm-wave, and environmental secondary pollution, high radar scattering cross section, optical opaque and difficult to conformal caused by the existing electromagnetic shielding materials. A multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material based on a metamaterial absorber was proposed in this paper, which can meet the green shielding index g_s≥1 with low radar cross section (RCS), optical transparency, and flexible performances. This electromagnetic shielding material belongs to a manually designable multi-layer structure, in which the transparent conductive material indium tin oxide was used as the periodic resonant unit structure and the underlying floor material. The transparent materials polyethylene terephthalate and polyvinyl chloride were used as the dielectric layer. The consistency between simulation and experimental results shows that in the frequency range of 22-30 GHz, and un-conformal and conformal angle of 45° states, the proposed shielding material can achieve >30 dB green effective electromagnetic shielding and >5 dB RCS reduction. The equivalent circuit of theoretical derivation, and equivalent parameters, field distribution demonstrated the principle of absorption shielding. The green multi-performances electromagnetic shielding material accurately covers the 5G mm-wave n257, n258, and n261 frequency bands, which can effectively solve the electromagnetic interference problem caused by these frequency bands.
- 5G mm-wave /
- green electromagnetic shielding /
- multi-performance /
- RCS reduction /
- metamaterial absorber /
- equivalent circuit

HTML全文

图 1 (a) 超材料吸波体的工作概念图；(b) 单元结构的3D视图；(c) 单元结构刻蚀氧化铟锡(ITO)层俯视图

PVC—Polyvinyl chloride; PET—Polyethylene terephthalate; l—Length; a—Side length; t—Thickness

Figure 1. (a) Working conceptual illustration of the proposed metamaterial absorber; (b) 3D-view of the unit cell; (c) Top view of the etched indium tin oxide (ITO) layer of the unit cell

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图 2 未共形状态超材料吸波体的S参数、反射率(R(ω))、透射比(T(ω))和吸收率(A(ω)) (a)及不同极化角下的A(ω) (b)；不同共形角状态S参数(c) 和A(ω) (d)

Figure 2. In the non-conformal state of S-parameters, reflectivity (R(ω)), transmittance (T(ω)) and absorptivity (A(ω)) (a) and A(ω) at different polarization angles (b); In different conformal angles state of S-parameters (c) and A(ω) of the proposed metamaterial absorber (d)

|S₁₁|—Reflection coefficient; |S₂₁|—Transmission coefficient; α—Conformal angle; φ—Polarization angle; θ—Incident angle; E—Electric field; H—Magnetic field; k—Wave vector

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图 3 (a) 超材料吸波体的等效电路模型；(b) 具有双谐振点的ADS等效电路；(c) 垂直入射下仿真与等效电路吸收率对比(插图为L-C关系式)

Figure 3. (a) Equivalent circuit model of the proposed metamaterial absorber; (b) Equivalent circuit with double resonant points in ADS; (c) Comparison of absorptivity between simulation and equivalent circuit under vertical incidence (The inset shows L-C relation)

Z₀—Wave impedance in free space; Z_in—Input impedance of the absorber; Z_a—Impedance of top layer polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate; Z_b—Impedance of the ITO layer with etched shape; Z_c—Impedance of the bottom layer PVC substrate; Z_t—Equal to Z_a and Z_c; R₁, R₂—Calculated resistances;L₁, L₂—Calculated inductance; C₁, C₂, C₃, C₄, C₅, C₆—Calculated capacitance; t₁—Thickness of the top layer PVC substrate; t₂—Thickness of the bottom layer PVC substrate; CST—Computer simulation technology

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图 4 25.5 GHz下超材料吸波体的电场分布 (a) 及ITO刻蚀层 (b) 和背板层 (c) 的表面电流分布

Figure 4. Electric field distribution (a) and surface current distribution of ITO etched layer (b) and back-plane layer (c) of proposed metamaterial absorber at 25.5 GHz

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图 5 超材料吸波体的等效阻抗 (a) 及等效介电常数和磁导率 (b)

Figure 5. Equivalent impedance (a) and equivalent permittivity and permeability (b) of the proposed metamaterial absorber

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图 6 超材料吸波体的屏蔽效能：(a) 未共形状态；(b) 不同共形角状态(插图为绿色屏蔽指数)；未共形状态不同入射角时的屏蔽效能横电波(TE) (c)和横磁波(TM)极化(d)

Figure 6. Shielding effectiveness of the proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Different conformal angles states (The inset is green shielding index); Shielding effectiveness of the proposed metamaterial absorber at different incident angles in un-conformal state transverse electric wave (TE) (c) and transverse magnetic wave (TM) polarizations (d)

SE_R—Reflective shielding; SE_A—Absorption shielding; SE—Total shielding; g_s—Green shielding index

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图 7 未共形状态 (a) 和不同共形角状态 (b)下超材料吸波体的RCS

Figure 7. RCS of the proposed metamaterial absorber in un-conformal (a) and different conformal angles states (b)

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图 8 超材料吸波体样品的测试示意图: (a) S参数；(b) RCS

Figure 8. Test schematic diagram of proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) S-parameter; (b) RCS

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图 9 超材料吸波体的测试与仿真S参数对比：(a)未共形状态；(b)共形角45°状态；测试与仿真屏蔽效能对比：(c)未共形状态；(d)共形角45°状态

Figure 9. Comparison of S-parameters between measurement and simulation of proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Conformal angle of 45° states; Comparison of shielding effectiveness between measurement and simulation: (c) Un-conformal; (d) Conformal angle of 45° states

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图 10 超材料吸波体的测试与仿真RCS缩减对比：(a) 未共形状态；(b) 共形角45°状态

Figure 10. Comparison of RCS reduction between measurement and simulation of the proposed metamaterial absorber: (a) Un-conformal; (b) Conformal angle of 45° states

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图 11 超材料吸波体的光学透明度测试(插图为共形状态与未共形状态的样品)

Figure 11. Optical transparency measurement of the proposed metamaterial absorber (Insets are samples in conformal and un-conformal states)

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表 1 本文与相关文献性能比较

Table 1. Performance comparison between this paper and related literatures

Refs.	Relative band/ GHz	P-I^c	O-T^d	Flexibility	SE/dB	g_s≥1
[12]	8-12^b	No	Yes	Yes	<16.36	No R(ω)
[13]	8-12^b	No	No	Yes	~54	1.44
[15]	18-26.5^b	No	No	No	30	−
[16]	18-26^b	Yes	No	Yes	13	−
[17]	12.4-18^b	Yes	No	No	32.6	−
[21]	24, 28^a	No	No	No	−	−
[23]	7.8-12.4^a,b	Yes	Yes	No	>25	−
[24]	7.8-18^a,b	Yes	Yes	No	>18.25	−
[25]	26.8-28.2^a	Yes	Yes	No	−	−
This work	22-30^a,b	Yes	Yes	Yes	>30	Yes
Notes: a—Absorption bandwidth over 90%; b—Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding bandwidth; c—Polarization insensitive; d—Optical transparency.

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