玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料的制备及其准静态压缩特性和吸能性能

林颖菲; SHIL'KO Serge; 张强; 路建宁; 冯晓伟; 田卓; 尹翠翠; 冯波

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221116.001

玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料的制备及其准静态压缩特性和吸能性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221116.001

林颖菲^{1, 2, 3},
SHIL'KO Serge⁴,
张强⁵,
路建宁^{1, 2},
冯晓伟^{1, 2, 3},
田卓^{1, 2, 3},
尹翠翠^{1, 2},
冯波^1, ,

1.
广东省科学院新材料研究所，广州 510651
2.
广东省金属强韧化技术与应用重点实验室，广州 510651
3.
广东省钢铁基复合材料工程实验室，广州 510651
4.
白俄罗斯科学院金属-聚合物研究所，戈梅利 246050
5.
哈尔滨工业大学　材料科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(12002092；51905111)；广东省自然科学基金(2019A1515012096；2021A1515011730)；广东省科学院基金(2022GDASZH-2022010103)

详细信息

通讯作者:
冯波，博士，高级工程师，硕士生导师，研究方向为金属基复合材料研究　E-mail: fengbo@gdinm.com

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-11
- 修回日期: 2022-10-14
- 录用日期: 2022-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-17
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Preparation of glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foam and its quasi-static compressive characteristic and energy absorption

LIN Yingfei^{1, 2, 3},
SHIL'KO Serge⁴,
ZHANG Qiang⁵,
LU Jianning^{1, 2},
FENG Xiaowei^{1, 2, 3},
TIAN Zhuo^{1, 2, 3},
YIN Cuicui^{1, 2},
FENG Bo^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of New Materials , Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510651, China
2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510651, China
3.
Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Iron Matrix Composites, Guangzhou 510651, China
4.
V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Gomel 246050, Belarus
5.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Funds: National Nature Science Foundation of China (12002092; 51905111); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2019A1515012096; 2021A1515011730); Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Science (2022GDASZH-2022010103)

摘要

摘要: 铝基多孔复合材料由铝基体和空心微球复合而成，兼具轻质与吸能特性。本文采用放电等离子烧结 (SPS)方法制备玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料，通过光学显微镜、SEM、准静态压缩原位观察和数字图像相关技术表征，分析了空心微球含量及尺寸对复合材料准静态压缩变形行为和吸能性能的影响。结果表明：两步升温SPS烧结制备所得的铝基多孔复合材料，其微球弥散均匀嵌于铝基体中，铝基体熔合致密。随空心微球含量增加，复合材料压缩应力整体降低，屈服平台区扩大但由平滑转变为锯齿状，压缩变形行为从较均匀的鼓状形变逐渐发展为脆性剪切，微球体积分数为50vol%的多孔复合材料吸能能力为23.6 J·cm⁻³，高于体积分数为30vol%和70vol%的多孔复合材料，复合材料吸能能力与微球含量间存在最优对应关系。小尺寸微球具有更好的抗压能力，随小尺寸微球占比的提高，复合材料微观上可承受更高的应力-应变集中，宏观上剪切形变的压缩应变增大，本文中小尺寸微球多孔复合材料的峰值应力和吸能能力分别为89.4 MPa和29.0 J·cm⁻³，与大尺寸微球多孔复合材料相比分别提高23.5%和22.9%。
- 铝基多孔复合材料 /
- 空心微球含量 /
- 空心微球尺寸 /
- 准静态压缩特性 /
- 吸能性能
Abstract: Aluminum matrix syntactic foams are a novel class of cellular materials synthesized by hollow particles and aluminum matrix, which exhibit lightweight and high energy-absorbing capacity. In this study, the glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foams were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The effects of the content and size of microspheres on the quasi-static compressive deformation behavior and energy absorption properties of the syntactic foams were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), SEM, quasi-static compression in situ observation, and digital image correlation (DIC) characterization. The results show that the microspheres of aluminum matrix syntactic foams prepared by two-step heating SPS sintering are uniformly embedded in the aluminum matrix, while the aluminum matrix is completely fused with high densification. With the increase of the microsphere content, the compressive stress of the syntactic foam decreases as a whole, meanwhile, the yield plateau expands and changes from smooth to zigzag. In addition, the compressive deformation behavior gradually develops from a relatively uniform drum-shaped deformation to brittle shear. The energy absorption capacity of the syntactic foam with the volume fraction of 50vol% is 23.6 J·cm⁻³, which is higher than that with the volume fraction of 30vol% and 70vol%. There is an optimal correspondence between the energy absorption capacity and the microsphere content of the syntactic foam. Small-sized microspheres have better compressive resistance. With the increase of the small-sized microsphere proportion, the syntactic foams can withstand higher stress and strain concentration on the microscopic level, as a result, the compressive strain of shear deformation increases on the macro level. In this study, the peak stress and energy absorption capacity of the syntactic foam with small-sized microspheres are 89.4 MPa and 29.0 J·cm⁻³, which are 23.5% and 22.9% higher than those of the syntactic foam with large-sized microsphere, respectively.
- aluminum matrix syntactic foam /
- microsphere content /
- microsphere size /
- quasi-static compressive characteristic /
- energy-absorbing capacity

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图 1 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram for preparing glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foam using spark plasma sintering (SPS) method

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 空心微球-铝粉复合粉体显微形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 2. Micrographs of the cenospheres-Al mixture powders: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料显微形貌：((a), (f)) 30SF；((b), (g)) 50SF；((c), (h)) 70SF；((d), (i)) 50SF-50F；((e), (j)) 50SF-100F

Figure 3. Optical micrographs and SEM images of the glass microspheres/aluminum matrix syntactic foams: ((a), (f)) 30SF; ((b), (g)) 50SF; ((c), (h)) 70SF; ((d), (i)) 50SF-50F; ((e), (j)) 50SF-100F

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图 4 微球含量不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Typical quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different volume fraction of microspheres

ε_d—Densification strain

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图 5 微球含量不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料吸能能力-应变曲线

Figure 5. Energy absorption-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different volume fraction of microspheres

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 微球尺寸不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 6. Typical quasi-static compressive stress-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different microspheres size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 微球尺寸不同的玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料吸能能力-应变曲线

Figure 7. Energy absorption-strain curves for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams with different microspheres size

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩变形过程的宏观形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 8. Macroscopic features of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩过程水平方向应变场云图：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 9. Horizontal strain nephogram for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression:(a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩过程竖直方向应变场云图：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 10. Vertical strain nephogram for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams during compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料压缩后显微形貌：(a) 30SF；(b) 50SF；(c) 70SF；(d) 50SF-50F；(e) 50SF-100F

Figure 11. Cross-section features of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams after compression: (a) 30SF; (b) 50SF; (c) 70SF; (d) 50SF-50F; (e) 50SF-100F

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表 1 玻璃空心微球的材料特性

Table 1. Properties of glass microspheres

Type	Particle size/μm				True density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Porosity P₀/%
Type	10th	50th	90th	Top size	True density/ (g·cm⁻³)	Porosity P₀/%
K46	15	40	70	80	0.46	81.89
IM16K	12	20	30	40	0.46	81.89

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表 2 空心微球-铝粉复合粉体组成

Table 2. Constitute of the cenospheres-Al mixture powder

Type	V_cenosphere/vol%	V_K46/%	V_IM16K/%
30SF	30	100	0
50SF	50	100	0
70SF	70	100	0
50SF-50F	50	50	50
50SF-100F	50	0	100
Notes: V_cenosphere—Volume fraction of cenospheres in mixture powder; V_K46—Volume fraction of K46 in fixed cenospheres; V_IM16K—Volume fraction of IM16K in fixed cenospheres; SF—Syntactic foam; F—Fine.

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表 3 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料密度及孔隙率

Table 3. Density and porosity of glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams

Type	ρ_sf/(g·cm⁻³)	V_s/%	V_p/%
30SF	2.14	25.1	20.5
50SF	1.67	46.0	37.6
70SF	1.34	60.7	49.7
50SF-50F	1.66	46.4	38.0
50SF-100F	1.64	47.1	38.6
Notes: ρ_sf—Average density of syntactic foam; V_s—Volume fraction of microspheres in syntactic foam; V_p—Porosity of syntactic foam.

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表 4 玻璃空心微球/铝基多孔复合材料准静态压缩特征参量

Table 4. Summary of quasi-static compression data for glass microsphere/aluminum matrix syntactic foams

Type	σ_p/MPa	σ_pl/MPa	ε_d/%	W/(J·cm⁻³)
30SF	94.8±2.3	105.7±0.5	22.8±1.6	20.0
50SF	72.4±1.2	70.1±2.6	35.4±0.4	23.6
70SF	51.6±0.5	44.5±2.0	45.7±0.4	19.7
50SF-50F	81.5±2.0	80.3±0.6	31.6±0.4	25.7
50SF-100F	89.4±4.7	86.0±3.1	35.1±0.4	29.0
Notes: σ_p—Peak stress; σ_pl—Plateau stress; W—Energy absorption.

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