泡沫混凝土孔结构表征及其对力学性能的影响

袁志颖; 陈波; 陈家林; 高志涵

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221014.001

泡沫混凝土孔结构表征及其对力学性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221014.001

袁志颖^{1, 2},
陈波^{1, 2, ,},
陈家林^{1, 2},
高志涵^{1, 2}

1.
河海大学　水利水电学院，南京 210098
2.
河海大学　水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室，南京 210098

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52079049)；国家自然科学基金重点项目(51739003)；国家重点实验室基本科研业务费(522012272)

详细信息

通讯作者:
陈波，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为水工混凝土新材料　E-mail: chenbo@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU528.44
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-25
- 修回日期: 2022-09-20
- 录用日期: 2022-09-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-15

Characterization of pore structure of foamed concrete and its influence on performance

YUAN Zhiying^{1, 2},
CHEN Bo^{1, 2
, ,},
CHEN Jialin^{1, 2},
GAO Zhihan^{1, 2}

1.
School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

Funds: The General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (52079049); The Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51739003); Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of National Key Laboratories (522012272)

摘要

摘要: 为研究泡沫混凝土孔结构及其对力学性能的影响，采用X 射线计算机层析成像技术 (X-CT) 测试了3种密度等级泡沫混凝土孔结构，实现了对孔隙率、孔径分布、孔隙形态等特征参数的定量表征，并基于灰关联理论分析了不同孔结构特征参数与其力学性能的关联程度。结果表明：泡沫混凝土孔径分布特征符合非标准的对数正态分布，孔隙球形度均呈单峰分布，且与孔体积、孔径之间存在明显负相关关系；不同密度泡沫混凝土在不同方向上的孔隙率分布存在明显差异；随泡沫混凝土密度的增加，孔隙分形维数、中值尺寸和中值面积逐渐下降，孔隙球形度整体逐渐增大；泡沫混凝土力学性能与孔结构之间联系紧密，其中孔隙率对泡沫混凝土强度的影响最为明显，灰关联度达到0.859；与泡沫混凝土强度联系最为紧密的孔隙孔径主要分布在100~200 μm、200~300 μm两个区间内，灰关联度分别为0.832和0.847；孔隙形状越接近球状，其抗压能力越强。
- 泡沫混凝土 /
- 孔结构 /
- X-CT /
- 灰关联理论 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: In order to study the pore structure of foamed concrete and its influence on mechanical properties, the pore structures of three density grades of foamed concrete were tested by X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) technology, and the quantitative characterization of characteristic parameters such as porosity, pore size distribution and pore shape was realized. Based on the grey correlation theory, the correlation degree between different pore structure characteristic parameters and their mechanical properties was analyzed. The results show that the pore size distribution of foamed concrete conforms to the non-standard lognormal distribution, and the pore sphericity has a unimodal distribution, and there is a significant negative correlation between pore volume and pore size. There are obvious differences in the porosity distribution of different densities of foamed concrete in different directions. With the increase of the foamed concrete density, the fractal dimension, median size and median area of pores gradually decrease, and the overall pore sphericity gradually increases. The mechanical properties of foamed concrete are closely related to the pore structure, of which the porosity has the most obvious influence on the strength of foamed concrete, and the grey correlation degree reaches 0.859. The pore size closely related to the strength of foamed concrete is mainly distributed in the range of 100-200 μm, 200-300 μm, and the grey correlation degrees are 0.832 and 0.847 respectively. The closer the pore shape is to spherical shape, the stronger its compressive capacity.
- foamed concrete /
- pore structure /
- X-CT /
- grey relational theory /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 2D切片的灰度分析及阈值分割

Figure 1. Grayscale analysis and threshold segmentation of 2D slices

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 分水岭算法阈值分割过程

Figure 2. Watershed algorithm threshold segmentation process

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图 3 计算机断层扫描(CT)图像三维重构

Figure 3. 3D reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images

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图 4 不同密度泡沫混凝土平面孔隙率

Figure 4. Plane porosity of foamed concrete with different densities

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图 5 不同密度泡沫混凝土分形维数与孔隙特征参数的变化关系

Figure 5. Relationship between fractal dimension and pore characteristic parameters of foamed concrete with different densities

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图 6 不同密度泡沫混凝土孔径分布

Figure 6. Pore size distribution of foamed concrete with different densities

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图 7 不同密度泡沫混凝土孔隙形态

Figure 7. Pore morphologies of foamed concrete with different densities

S/I—Flatness index; I/L—Elongation index

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同密度泡沫混凝土孔隙球形度S

Figure 8. Pore sphericity S of foamed concrete with different densities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 不同密度泡沫混凝土荷载-位移曲线

Figure 9. Load-displacement curves of foamed concrete with different densities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 泡沫混凝土配合比设计

Table 1. Mix proportion of foamed concrete kg·m⁻³

Sample	Design dry density	Actual dry density	Cement	Water	Foaming agent
F600	600	578	420	210	0.57
F800	800	790	540	270	0.52
F1000	1000	985	670	335	0.48

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表 2 不同密度泡沫混凝土分形维数及孔隙特征参数

Table 2. Fractal dimension and pore characteristic parameters of foamed concrete with different densities

Sample	Porosity	Fractal dimension (X)	Fractal dimension (Y)	Fractal dimension (Z)	Average fractal dimension	Volume fractal dimension	Total surface area/mm²
F600	0.53	1.70	1.69	1.69	1.69	2.74	91.82
F800	0.42	1.65	1.65	1.64	1.65	2.68	40.35
F1000	0.14	1.53	1.53	1.55	1.54	2.54	19.36

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表 3 不同密度泡沫混凝土孔隙特征参数

Table 3. Pore characteristic parameters of foamed concrete with different densities

Sample	Porosity	d_{50 n}/μm	d_max/μm	d_{50 a}/μm	A_{50 n}/μm²	A_{50 a}/μm²
F600	0.53	163.21	1365.23	199.43	84925.23	151189.31
F800	0.42	87.19	525.62	98.04	23245.62	73288.87
F1000	0.14	81.64	473.52	89.96	19950.10	56719.80
Notes: d_max—Maximum pore diameters; d_{50 n}—Median pore diameter in ascending order; d_{50 a}—Median pore diameter with a cumulative ratio of 50%; A_{50 n}—Median pore area in ascending order; A_{50 a}—Median pore area with a cumulative ratio of 50%.

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表 4 不同密度泡沫混凝土抗压强度测试结果

Table 4. Compressive strength test results of foamed concrete with different densities MPa

Test time	F600	F800	F1000
1	1.56	2.90	4.96
2	1.81	2.47	4.75
3	1.68	2.58	4.96
Average value	1.68	2.65	4.89

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表 5 孔结构分布特征参数与泡沫混凝土抗压强度的灰关联度

Table 5. Grey correlation between characteristic parameters of pore structure distribution and compressive strength of foamed concrete

$\varGamma ({x_0},{x_i})$	Characteristic parameter	Porosity	d_{50 n}	d_{50 a}	A_{50 n}	A_{50 n}	Average fractal dimension	Volume fractal dimension
$\varGamma ({x_0},{x_i})$	Compressive strength	0.859	0.754	0.733	0.719	0.627	0.709	0.713

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表 6 孔结构形态特征参数与泡沫混凝土抗压强度的灰关联度

Table 6. Grey correlation between pore structure morphological characteristic parameters and compressive strength of foamed concrete

$ \varGamma ({x_0},{x_i}) $	Characteristic parameter	Pore sphericity distribution/%
	Characteristic parameter	0-0.3	0.3-0.4	0.4-0.5	0.5-0.6	0.6-0.7	0.7-0.8	0.8-1.0
	Compressive strength	0.606	0.645	0.677	0.723	0.758	0.794	0.823

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表 7 孔径分布与泡沫混凝土抗压强度的灰关联度

Table 7. Grey correlation between pore size distribution and compressive strength of foamed concrete

$ \varGamma ({x_0},{x_i}) $	Characteristic parameter	Pore size distribution/μm
	Characteristic parameter	30-100	100-200	200-300	300-400	400-500	500-600	＞600
	Compressive strength	0.734	0.832	0.847	0.749	0.677	0.631	0.608

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