四[β-(3, 5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯对汉麻秆粉/聚乳酸木塑复合材料力学及热稳定性能的影响
doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20221013.001
Effect of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] on mechanical properties and thermal stability of hemp straw powder/polylactic acid wood-plastic composite
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摘要: 为解决汉麻秆粉/聚乳酸木塑复合材料(Hemp straw powder reinforced polylactic acid composite，HPRPC)力学性能以及热稳定性较差的问题，采用四[β-(3, 5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(Pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]，PTP)对HPRPC进行改性处理，并制备不同PTP添加量下的HPRPC，通过FTIR、力学性能测试、SEM、TG、吸水与缺陷分析探究PTP对HPRPC的改性机制。结果表明，PTP改性处理增强了HPRPC中汉麻秆粉(HP)与聚乳酸(PLA)的界面相容性；PTP的添加量为0.6wt%时，复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性和缺陷情况最优：与未处理的复合材料相比，改性HPRPC的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了38.08%和45.24%，力学性能显著提高；初始分解温度和最大失重速率温度分别提高了12.9℃和16.8℃，热稳定性得到改善；吸水率与吸水厚度膨胀率均达到最优，吸水率保持为未改性复合材料的50%左右，吸水厚度膨胀速率显著减缓，96 h时吸水厚度膨胀率仅为2.11%，缺陷情况得到明显改善。Abstract: In order to solve the problem of poor mechanical properties and thermal stability of hemp straw powder reinforced polylactic acid composite (HPRPC), Pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (PTP) was used to modify HPRPC. The modification mechanism of HPRPC by PTP was investigated by FTIR, mechanical properties analysis, SEM, TG and defect analysis. The results show that PTP enhances the interface compatibility of hemp straw powder (HP) and polylactic acid (PLA), and improves the interfacial properties. When the mass fraction of PTP is 0.6wt%, HPRPC has the best mechanical properties, thermal stability and defects condition. Compared with the untreated composite, the tensile strength and flexural strength of the treated HPRPC are increased by 38.08% and 45.24%, respectively. The mechanical property is significantly improved. And the initial decomposition temperature and maximum weight loss rate temperature are increased by 12.9℃ and 16.8℃, respectively. The thermal stability is improved. And the water absorption rate and the thickness swelling rate of HPRPC are optimized. The water absorption rate of treated HPRPC keeps about 50% of that of the untreated HPRPC. The increase of the thickness swelling rate slows down significantly, and the thickness swelling rate is only 2.11% at 96 h, the defects condition is obviously improved.
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图 1 四[β-(3, 5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(PTP)及PTP改性处理前后汉麻秆粉/聚乳酸木塑复合材料(HPRPC)的FTIR图谱
Figure 1. FTIR spectra of pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (PTP) and hemp straw powderreinforced polylactic acid composite (HPRPC) before and after modified by PTP
图 2 聚乳酸(PLA)热分解机制
Figure 2. Thermal decomposition mechanism of polylactic acid (PLA)
k1-k4—Primary intramolecular transesterification, polymerization of lactic acid oligomers, polymerization of lactides, thorough intramolecular transesterification
图 3 PLA与不同PTP添加量HPRPC的拉伸性能 (a) 和弯曲性能 (b)
Figure 3. Tensile properties (a) and flexural properties (b) of PLA and HPRPC with different mass fraction of PTP
图 4 不同PTP添加量HPRPC的SEM图像：(a) 0wt%；(b) 0.3wt%；(c) 0.6wt%；(d) 0.9wt%
Figure 4. SEM images of HPRPC with different mass fraction of PTP:(a) 0wt%; (b) 0.3wt%; (c) 0.6wt%; (d) 0.9wt%
图 5 PLA、汉麻秆粉(HP)、不同PTP添加量HPRPC的热稳定性
Figure 5. Thermostability of PLA , hemp straw powder (HP), HPRPC with different mass fraction of PTP
图 6 不同PTP添加量HPRPC的吸水性能
Figure 6. Moisture absorption properties of HPRPC with different mass fraction of PTP
表 1 PLA、HP、不同PTP添加量HPRPC的热重分析数据
Table 1. Thermogravinmetric analysis data of PLA, HP, HPRPC with different mass fractions of PTP
Sample T0wt%/℃ T0.25wt%/℃ T0.5wt%/℃ Tp/℃ R550/% PLA 340.6 349.2 360.6 362.7 2.7 HP 285.3 311.2 347.2 339.8 30.5 0wt%PTP-HPRPC 293.3 307.2 321.9 314.7 17.7 0.3wt%PTP-HPRPC 295.2 309.0 323.1 318.7 14.7 0.6wt%PTP-HPRPC 306.2 318.1 331.6 331.5 10.5 0.9wt%PTP-HPRPC 303.8 316.8 330.0 327.9 13.9 Notes: Tswt%—Temperature corresponding to weight loss swt% of material; Tp—Temperature corresponding to maximum thermal degradation rate; R550—Residue at 550℃. 
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