Sepiolite reinforced carbon foam composite toward phase change energy storage material and its light-thermal-electric conversion performance
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摘要: 聚乙二醇(PEG)具有高相变焓、可生物降解、无毒、耐腐蚀等优点，是一种优异的相变材料。但容易泄露和导热性差这两大缺点阻碍了它的大规模应用。为此，本文以小麦面粉作为基体，海泡石纤维为增强体，利用酵母发酵产气的微生物发泡技术和高温炭化工艺，制得海泡石增强的生物质炭泡沫复合材料SCF-X-Y (X 表示海泡石的添加量，Y 表示炭化温度) 作为PEG相变材料载体。实验结果显示，SCF-10-800的抗压强度可达5.42 MPa。负载PEG后制得的SCF-5-1000@PEG，导热系数达到0.39 W/(m·K)，熔化焓和凝固焓分别为123.4 J·g−1和106.6 J·g−1，并具备优异的抗泄露能力。基于SCF-5-1000@PEG为光吸收源，所组装的光驱动热电转换系统具有63.2%光热转化效率，且可以实现大于400 s的稳定电流输出，彰显其在光-热能-电能转换系统的应用潜能。Abstract: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an excellent phase change material with high phase change enthalpy, biodegradability, non toxicity and corrosion resistance. However, the easy leakage and poor thermal conductivity hinder its large-scale application. Therefore, with wheat flour as the matrix, a biomass carbon foam composite SCF-X-Y reinforced by sepiolite, where X represents the amount of sepiolite added and Y represents the carbonization temperature) was prepared as the efficient carrier of PEG phase change material by using microbial foaming and high temperature carbonization technology. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of SCF-10-800 can reach 5.42 MPa. The thermal conductivity of SCF-5-1000@PEG reaches 0.39 W/(m·K), and its melting enthalpy and solidification enthalpy are 123.4 J·g−1 and 106.6 J·g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, it has excellent leakage resistance. Using SCF-5-1000@PEG as an optical absorption source, a light driven thermoelectric conversion system was assembled, which showed a light to heat conversion efficiency of 63.2% and could achieve a stable current output for more than 400 s, demonstrating its application potential in the light-thermal-electric energy conversion system.
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图 1 采用真空浸渍法制备海泡石/炭泡沫复合材料(SCF-X-Y)@聚乙二醇(PEG)的流程图
Figure 1. Flow chart of sepiolite/carbon foam composite (SCF-X-Y)@polyethylene glycol (PEG) prepared by vacuum impregnation method
图 2 SCF-X-800的孔隙率、开孔率和PEG负载量对比图
Figure 2. Comparison diagram of porosity, opening porosity and PEG load of SCF-X-800
图 3 海泡石对酵母发酵泡孔结构形成的影响示意图
Figure 3. Diagram of the effect of sepiolite on the formation of bubble structure in yeast fermentation
图 4 SCF-X-800的抗压强度(a)和热导率对比图 (b)
Figure 4. Compressive strength (a) and thermal conductivity comparison diagram (b) of SCF-X-800
图 5 SCF-5-Y的孔隙率、开孔率和PEG负载量对比图
Figure 5. Comparison diagram of porosity, opening porosity and PEG load of SCF-5-Y
图 6 (a) SCF-5-Y的抗压强度；(b) SCF-5-Y、SCF-5-Y@PEG和PEG的热导率
Figure 6. (a) Compressive strength of SCF-5-Y; (b) Thermal conductivity of SCF-5-Y, SCF-5-Y@PEG and PEG
图 7 海泡石(a)、SCF-5-1000 ((b)、(c))、SCF-5-1000@PEG (d)的SEM图像
Figure 7. SEM images of sepiolite (a), SCF-5-1000 ((b), (c)) and SCF-5-1000@PEG (d)
图 8 (a) PEG和SCF-5-Y@PEG的DSC 曲线；(b) SCF-5-Y@PEG的实际熔化焓ΔHM与理论熔化焓ΔHTM；(c) SCF-5-Y@PEG的实际凝固焓ΔHF与理论凝固焓ΔHTF
Figure 8. (a) DSC curves of PEG and SCF-5-Y@PEG; (b) Melting enthalpy (ΔHM) and theoretical melting enthalpy (ΔHTM) of SCF-5-Y@PEG; (c) Solidification enthalpy (ΔHF) and theoretical solidification enthalpy (ΔHTF) of SCF-5-Y@PEG
图 9 PEG和SCF-5-Y@PEG样品加热到 80℃的数码照片
Figure 9. Digital photos of PEG and SCF-5-Y@PEG samples heated to 80℃
图 10 PEG和SCF-5-1000@PEG复合相变材料在光照和冷却过程中的热响应
Figure 10. Thermal response of PEG and SCF-5-1000@PEG phase change composite materials during illumination and cooling
图 11 (a) 光驱动热电转换系统装置；(b) 基于SCF-5-1000@PEG的太阳能热电装置示意图；在300 mW·cm−2模拟太阳光照射下：(c) SCF-5-1000@PEG的电流/温度-时间曲线；(d) SCF-5-1000@PEG和PEG的温度-时间曲线
Figure 11. (a) Light-driven thermoelectric conversion device; (b) Schematic diagram of SCF-5-1000@PEG-based solar thermoelectric device; (c) Current/temperature-time curves of SCF-5-1000@PEG; (d) Temperature-time curves of SCF-5-1000@PEG and PEG under simulated sunlight irradiation of 300 mW·cm−2
表 1 样品命名
Table 1. Sample naming
SCF-X-Y X/g Y/℃ SCF-0-800 0 800 SCF-2.5-800 2.5 800 SCF-5-800 5 800 SCF-7.5-800 7.5 800 SCF-10-800 10 800 SCF-5-400 5 400 SCF-5-600 5 600 SCF-5-1000 5 1000 Notes: SCF—Sepiolite/carbon foam; X—Amount of sepiolite added; Y—Carbonized temperature. 
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表 2 SCF-5-1000@PEG同近几年报道的不同相变储能材料的热学性能对比
Table 2. Thermal properties of SCF-5-1000@PEG comparison with different phase change energy storage materials reported in recent years
Sample PCM ΔHM/(J·g−1) ΔHF/(J·g−1) Ref. PGI-PEG 50 PEG 6000 86.93 83.65 [19] PGI/PEG PEG 6000 86.9 70.1 [20] PEG/BC-2 PEG 6000 71.17 68.43 [21] PCM PEG 6000 97.2 92.3 [22] Fe3O4-GNS/PCM-4 PEG 6000 101.5 55.7 [23] PCM-6000 PEG 6000 76.37 80.46 [24] SCF-5-1000@PEG PEG 6000 123.4 106.6 This work Notes: PCM—Phase change materials; PGI—Poly(glycerol-itaconic acid); BC—Bone char; GNS—Functionalised graphene nanosheets.
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