Research progress of non-noble metal catalysts based on electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
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摘要: 在全球变暖和能源危机的背景下,能源问题已成为全球各国战略安全的重要组成部分。氢能作为可持续的新型可再生清洁能源,对缓解全球性能源短缺具有重要意义。在众多制氢候选方案中,电解水制备氢气被认为是最可靠、最可行的途径之一。但在电解过程中,反应动力学极为迟缓的阳极析氧反应(Oxygen evolution reaction,OER)严重制约着整体反应效率。因此,开发成本相对低廉、催化剂性能优异、耐久性好的高效OER电催化剂,从而提高电解水制氢工艺技术的能源转换效果受到了广泛关注。本文首先简要阐述了析氧反应的反应机制及其性能的评价参数,接着对非贵金属催化剂的研究进行分类讨论,并列举了提高催化性能的策略和方法,最后对设计新型催化剂进行展望。Abstract: In the context of global warming and energy crisis, energy issues have become an important part of the strategic security of countries around the world. As a sustainable new renewable clean energy, hydrogen energy is of great significance to alleviate the global energy shortage. Among many hydrogen production candidate schemes, electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is considered to be one of the most reliable and feasible ways. However, in the electrolysis process, the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with extremely slow reaction kinetics seriously restricts the overall reaction efficiency. Therefore, the development of high-efficiency OER electrocatalyst with relatively low cost, excellent catalyst performance and good durability, so as to improve the energy conversion effect of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology, has attracted widespread attention. This paper first briefly expounds the reaction mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction and the evaluation parameters of its performance, then discusses the research of non-noble metal catalysts, lists the strategies and methods to improve the catalytic performance, and finally prospects the design of new catalysts.
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Key words:
- electrocatalysis /
- oxygen evolution reaction /
- non-noble metals /
- transition metals /
- composite
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图 5 (a) 含氧空位ZnCo2O4纳米片(OV-ZnCo2O4)合成流程示意图;(b) OV-ZnCo2O4纳米片的SEM图像;(c) ZnCo2O4纳米片、OV-ZnCo2O4纳米片、RuO2的极化曲线[40]
Figure 5. (a) Schematic diagram of synthesis process of oxygen-containing vacancy ZnCo2O4 nanosheets (OV-ZnCo2O4); (b) SEM image of OV-ZnCo2O4 nanosheets; (c) Polarization curves of ZnCo2O4 nanosheets, OV-ZnCo2O4 nanosheets and RuO2[40]
HMT—Hexamethylenetetramine; RT—Room temperature; EG—Ethylene glycol; NSs—Nanosheets
图 7 (a) Ni-Fe层状双氢氧化物(NixFey-LDH)合成流程示意图;(b) Ni2Fe1-LDH(Ni/Fe原子比为2:1)的SEM图像;(c) 不同Ni-Fe比例的氢氧化物与IrO2的极化曲线;(d) 相应的Tafel曲线[45]
Figure 7. (a) Schematic diagram of synthesis process of Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide (NixFey-LDH); (b) SEM image of Ni2Fe1-LDH (Ni/Fe atom ratio of 2:1); (c) Polarization curves of hydroxides with different Ni-Fe ratios and IrO2; (d) Corresponding Tafel curves[45]
图 8 ((a), (b)) 多孔磷化钴纳米颗粒(P-CoP-NPs)的SEM图像及TEM图像;(c) 磷化后的多孔Co3O4纳米颗粒(P-Co3O4-NPs)、P-CoP-NPs、泡沫镍(NF)与RuO2的极化曲线;(d) 1000次CV循环前后P-CoP-NPs的极化曲线(插图:10 mA·cm-2电流密度下P-CoP-NPs的计时电位曲线)[49]
Figure 8. ((a), (b)) SEM image and TEM image of porous cobalt phosphide nanoparticles (P-CoP-NPs); (c) Polarization curves of porous Co3O4 nanoparticles after phosphating (P-Co3O4-NPs), P-CoP-NPs, nickle foam (NF) and RuO2; (d) Polarization curve of P-CoP-NPs before and after 1000 CV cycles (Inset: Chronopotentiometric curve of P-CoP-NPs at the current density of 10 mA·cm-2)[49]
图 9 (a) N掺杂亚微米碳管@N掺杂还原氧化石墨烯(N-SMCTs@N-rGO)合成流程示意图;(b) N-SMCTs@N-rGO的SEM图像;(c) N-SMCTs、N-rGO、N-SMCTs@N-rGO与IrO2的极化曲线;(d) 活性界面双位点机制图[56]
Figure 9. (a) Schematic diagram of the synthesis process of N-doped submicron carbon tube@N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-SMCTs@N-rGO); (b) SEM image of N-SMCTs@N-rGO; (c) Polarization curves of N-SMCTs, N-rGO, N-SMCTs@N-rGO and IrO2; (d) Mechanism diagram of active-active interface with dual-site mechanism[56]
图 10 (a) NiCoFe合金锚定的硼氮共掺杂碳气凝胶(BN/CA-NiCoFe-600)的SEM图像;(b) BN/CA-NiCoFe-600、NiCoFe合金锚定的硼掺杂碳气凝胶(B-CA-NiCoFe-600)、NiCoFe合金锚定的氮掺杂碳气凝胶(N-CA-NiCoFe-600)、氮化硼碳气凝胶(BN/CA)、IrO2 和 RuO2的极化曲线;(c) 相应的Tafel曲线[68]
Figure 10. (a) SEM image of B, N co-doped carbon aerogel anchored with NiCoFe alloy (BN/CA-NiCoFe-600); (b) Polarization curves of BN/CA-NiCoFe-600, B doped carbon aerogel anchored with NiCoFe alloy (B-CA-NiCoFe-600), N doped carbon aerogel anchored with NiCoFe alloy (N-CA-NiCoFe-600), boron nitride carbon aeroge (BN/CA), IrO2 and RuO2; (c) Corresponding Tafel curves[68]
表 1 催化剂的电催化OER活性
Table 1. Electrocatalytic OER activity of catalyst
Catalyst Electrolyte Overpotential at a specific current density Tafel slope/(mV·dec−1) Reference NiCo2O4-OV-400 1.0 mol/L KOH 325 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 71 [38] OV-ZnCo2O4 0.1 mol/L KOH 324 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 56.9 [40] CuCo2O4/NF 1.0 mol/L KOH 220 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 92.5 [41] FeCo2O4 1.0 mol/L KOH 290 mV @ 25 mA·cm−2 80 [42] Ni2Fe1-LDHs 1.0 mol/L KOH 245 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 57 [45] Fe-CoNi-LDHs 1.0 mol/L KOH 260 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 70 [46] Fe-Co-LDHs/GS 1.0 mol/L KOH 370 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 44 [47] CoSx/Co 1.0 mol/L KOH 284 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 75.8 [48] P-CoP-NPs-350 1.0 mol/L KOH 320 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 73.7 [49] W-Fe-Ni-B/NF 1.0 mol/L KOH 223 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 38.3 [50] T-GO 0.5 mol/L KOH 176 mV @ 2 mA·cm−2 69 [53] CNT@NCNT 0.1 mol/L KOH 260 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 − [54] N-MWCNTs 1.0 mol/L NaOH 320 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 68 [55] N-SMCTs@N-rGO 1.0 mol/L KOH 351 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 − [56] D-NSOCs 1.0 mol/L KOH 350 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 69 [61] N, S-MWCNTs 1.0 mol/L KOH 360 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 56 [62] PN-CC 1.0 mol/L KOH 340 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 54.9 [63] PA-PPy/CC 1.0 mol/L KOH 340 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 54.9 [64] 1D g-CN 1.0 mol/L KOH 316 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 125 [65] BRP-g-C3N4 1.0 mol/L KOH 430 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 93 [66] Ni-MWCNTs 1.0 mol/L KOH 320 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 30.08 [67] BN/CA-NiCoFe-600 1.0 mol/L KOH 321 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 42 [68] Co-CoO/BC 1.0 mol/L KOH 300 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 73.3 [69] Co-NCNT 1.0 mol/L KOH 310 mV @ 10 mA·cm−2 74.67 [70] Notes: OV—Oxygen-containing vacancy; CNT—Carbon nanotube; MWCNTs—Multiwalled carbon nanotube; NF—Nickel foam; GS—Graphene sheet; BRP—Black red phosphorus; g-C3N4—Graphite phase carbon nitride; T-GO—Amine group functionalizes graphene oxide; g-CN—Graphitic carbon nitride nanorods; NCNT—Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube; D-NSOCs—N and S co-doped and oxygen-functionalized carbon materials; PN-CC—Plasma and acid treated carbon cloth. -
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