超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的研究现状与分析

叶卓然; 罗靓; 潘海燕; 顾轶卓

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220803.002

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维及其复合材料的研究现状与分析

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220803.002

1.
北京北航天宇长鹰无人机科技有限公司，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学　前沿科学技术创新研究院，北京 100191

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗靓，博士，研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料　E-mail：luoliang@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-14
- 修回日期: 2022-07-14
- 录用日期: 2022-07-23
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-03
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-22

Research status and analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber and its composites

1.
Beihang Changying Uas Technology CO., LTD., Beijing 100191, China
2.
Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与碳纤维和芳纶纤维并称当今三大高性能纤维，具备低密度、高抗冲击性能、高断裂强度和模量的特性，同时拥有优异化学稳定性。本文综述了UHMWPE纤维及其复合材料的研究现状和最新进展，包括UHMWPE纤维和其他几种高性能纤维的性能对比，UHMWPE纤维的典型生产工艺及其对纤维性能的影响，与UHMWPE纤维匹配的树脂基体种类，提高纤维表面粘结性能、耐热性能和抗蠕变性能的改性方法，纤维织造与复合工艺及UHMWPE纤维及其复合材料的应用；最后分析了UHMWPE纤维及其复合材料当前存在的主要问题，探讨了未来可能的发展方向。
- 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维 /
- 复合材料 /
- 力学性能 /
- 改性 /
- 应用
Abstract: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, together with carbon fiber and aramid fiber, is one of the three high-performance fibers. It has the characteristics of low density, high impact resistance, high breaking strength and modulus, and excellent chemical stability. This paper reviews the current research status and recent progress of UHMWPE fiber and its composites, including the performance comparison between UHMWPE fiber and other high-performance fibers, the typical production process of UHMWPE fiber and its influence on fiber performance, the types of resin matrix matched with UHMWPE fiber, the modification methods to improve fiber surface adhesion, thermal stability and creep resistance, weaving and composite processes, and the application of UHMWPE fibers and their composite applications. Finally, the main problems existing in UHMWPE fiber and its composite materials are analyzed, and the possible development direction in the future is discussed.
- ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber /
- composites /
- mechanical property /
- modification /
- application

HTML全文

图 1 凝胶纺丝法工艺流程

Figure 1. Process flow of gel spinning method

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图 2 单向(UD)布制备工艺原理示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of preparation process principle of unidirection (UD) cloth

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图 3 UHMWPE纤维应用

Figure 3. UHMWPE fiber products

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表 1 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维与对位芳纶纤维(PPTA)、碳纤维和玻璃纤维的单丝性能对比

Table 1. Comparison of monofilament performance between ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber with para aramid fiber (PPTA), carbon fiber and glass fiber

	UHMWPE fiber	PPTA	Carbon fiber	Glass fiber
Density/(g·cm⁻³)	0.97	1.44	1.80	2.55
Tensile strength/GPa	3.1	2.7	3.5	2.0
Tensile modulus/GPa	100	58	230	73
Elongation/%	3.5	3.7	1.5	2.0
Specific tensile strength/(GPa·(g·cm⁻³)⁻¹)	3.20	1.88	1.94	1.38
Specific tensile modulus/(GPa·(g·cm⁻³)⁻¹)	103.09	10.28	127.78	28.35
Static friction coefficient	0.187	0.385	0.470	—
Dynamic friction coefficient	0.199	0.319	0.305	—
Energy absorbed by specific impact/J	36.0	13.8	20.0	10.0
Hydrochloric acid resistance retention rate/%	100	40	—	—
Sulfuric acid resistance retention rate/%	100	70	—	—
Decomposition temperature/℃	125	427	2800	550

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表 2 常见的与UHMWPE纤维复合用树脂的优劣及应用领域

Table 2. Strength, limitation and application fields of common resin for composite with UHMWPE fiber

Resin	Strength	Limitation	Application
EP	Mild and changeable curing conditions High hardness	Poor adhesion with UHMWPE fiber Inadequate toughness	Structrual composites
VER	Common advantages of EP Good adhesion with UHMWPE fiber	Slightly worse mechanical properties	Structrual composites
TPU	Good impact resistance Good energy absorption capacity Environment friendly	Poor adhesion with UHMWPE fiber	Military protection
PE	Good shock absorption effect	Hard to process	Plates and structural composites
PCH	Good shock absorption effect Easy to process	—	Additives for other resins
Notes: EP—Epoxy resin; VER—Vinyl ester resin; TPU—Thermoplastic polyurethane; PE—Poly ethylen; PCH—Hydrocarbon resin.

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表 3 不同表面改性方法的比较

Table 3. Comparison of different surface modification approaches

Surface modification method	Strength	Limitation
Plasma treatment	No loss of fiber mechanical properties	Complex process, inconspicuous effect Difficult to realize industrial continuous production
Corona discharge	—
Liquid oxidation	Simple process, obvious effect	Damage to the fiber mechanical properties, environmental pollution
Surface coating	No loss of fiber mechanical properties, simple process, obvious effect	High cost
Adding coupling agent during blending or extraction	Simple process, obvious effect	Damage to the fiber mechanical properties, modified before UHMWPE fiber forming
UV radiation grafting	Simple process, obvious effect Easy to realize industrial continuous production	Long modification time
Chemical reagent grafting		Long modification time

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