Abstract: To explore the dynamic compression mechanical properties of polymer modified carbon fiber reinforced concrete (PMCFRC), the diameter Φ100 mm split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device was used to carry out impact compression tests under five sets of different air pressures on carbon fiber reinforced concrete and PMCFRC with polymer content of 4vol%, 8vol%, and 12vol% respectively. The dynamic stress-strain curve and failure morphology of concrete under different strain rates were obtained, and the influence of strain rate and polymer content on the dynamic compressive strength, deformation and toughness of PMCFRC was analyzed. The results show that the dynamic compression strength, deformation and toughness of PMCFRC have obvious strain rate strengthening effects, and the polymer has both strengthening and degrading effects on the dynamic compression mechanical properties of PMCFRC. As the strain rate increases, the dynamic compressive strength, dynamic strength increase factor (DIF), dynamic peak strain and impact toughness of PMCFRC gradually increase. With the increase of the polymer content, the dynamic compressive strength, DIF and impact toughness of PMCFRC first increase and then decrease, and the dynamic peak strain continues to increase. Under the same strain rate level, 4%PMCFRC has the largest dynamic compressive strength, impact toughness, and the least damage; 8%PMCFRC has the best strain rate sensitivity, the maximum DIF is 1.94, and the greatest increase in concrete strength. On the one hand, the polymer plays the role of filling, crack resistance and toughening in the concrete matrix, and on the other hand, it improves the bonding performance of the carbon fiber-concrete matrix interface; when the polymer content is large, it will form a “soft interlayer” in the concrete matrix.