太阳能电池综述：材料、政策驱动机制及应用前景

曹邵文; 周国庆; 蔡琦琳; 叶庆; 庞昊强; 吴玺

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220302.001

太阳能电池综述：材料、政策驱动机制及应用前景

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220302.001

苏州大学　能源学院, 苏州 215006

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡琦琳，2018年6月毕业于中国科学技术大学，获动力工程及工程热物理专业博士学位。2018年9月入职苏州大学，主要以能源高效利用为背景，在近场热光伏系统机理、耐高温选择性热辐射器研制、工业设备能效监测与评估等方面开展前沿的基础和应用研究。近年来，以第一/通讯作者发表论文14篇（SCI论文10篇，EI论文4篇），主持科研项目3项，其中省部级、市厅级和横向项目各1项，授权发明专利1项，实用新型专利2项，获得市级科研奖项2项

吴玺，2012年中国科学技术大学获工学博士学位，现苏州大学能源学院教授，能源与动力工程专业系主任，苏州大学碳达峰•碳中和技术创新中心主任。2015年7月～2017年6月挂职于昆山张浦镇任党委副书记。主要研究方向太阳能热化学制氢、热光伏技术及能源互联网，共发表能源领域SCI、EI论文30余篇，作为主要撰写人之一撰写并实施国家节能标准1项《工业窑炉燃烧节能评价方法（GB/T 32037—2015）》，授权发明专利10项，实用新型专利9项，主持国家项目1项、省部级项目2项、产学研项目30项，累计获得科研经费1000余万元。研发的水泵能效在线监测系统获江苏省质检科技进步三等奖。2018年在昆山德国工业园建立江苏省第一个园区级智慧能源示范园区，并被江苏省质监局和江苏省经信委联合推荐为省级能源计量示范项目。2020年获江苏省能源协会科技创新一等奖。此外，还担任苏州计量测试协会副理事长、苏州市工信局节能专家库成员、江苏省双创博士、江苏省节能专家库成员、江苏省国家电网综合能源服务专家库成员、全国燃烧节能净化标准化技术委员会委员等社会职务、中国能源学会专委委员

通讯作者:
蔡琦琳，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: qlcai@suda.edu.cn

吴玺，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: wuxi@suda.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM914.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-17
- 修回日期: 2022-01-17
- 录用日期: 2022-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-23

A review of solar cells: Materials, policy-driven mechanisms and application prospects

College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China

摘要

摘要: 太阳能是清洁无污染的可再生能源，对其进行高效开发利用是推进国家“双碳”工作的重要举措。利用光伏电池将太阳能转化为电能是利用太阳能的重要方式之一。本论文总结了光伏电池材料的研究进展、行业政策与商业模式及发展应用前景。首先，阐述了各类光伏电池的效率、成本、优缺点及应用场景受材料因素的影响，并结合最新的研究进展分析了各类光伏电池未来的发展方向。其次，结合光伏产业的商业模式及扶持政策，探讨光伏电池材料及产业发展受政策驱动机制的影响。最后，以光伏电池材料的研究进展及光伏产业的发展方向为基础，对该领域了进行总结与展望，分析在“双碳”愿景下光伏产业如何助力国家“双碳”工作。
- 碳中和 /
- 太阳能电池 /
- 分布式光伏 /
- 电池材料 /
- 效率 /
- 光伏产业
Abstract: Solar energy is a clean and pollution-free renewable energy, and its efficient development and utilization can significantly promote national “dual carbon” work. Using photovoltaic cells to convert solar energy into electricity is one of the ways to use solar energy. In this review, the research progress, industry policies, business models and development and application prospects of photovoltaic cell materials were summarized. First of all, the efficiency, cost, advantages and disadvantages of various photovoltaic cells and the impact of material factors on application scenarios were clarified, and combined with the latest research progress, the future development direction of various photovoltaic cells was analyzed. Secondly, combined with the business model and supporting policies of the photovoltaic industry, the influence of policy driving mechanisms on the development of photovoltaic cell materials and industry was discussed. Finally, based on the research progress of photovoltaic cell materials and the development direction of the photovoltaic industry, this field was summarized and prospected. The way that photovoltaic industry contributes to the national "dual carbon" work under the "dual carbon" vision was analyzed.
- carbon neutral /
- solar cells /
- distributed photovoltaic /
- cell material /
- efficiency /
- photovoltaic industry

HTML全文

图 1 柔性半透明电池实物图^[8]

Figure 1. Physical map of flexible translucent battery^[8]

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图 2 苏州同里湖嘉苑汉瓦屋顶项目

Figure 2. Tongli lake jiayuan hanwa roof project in Suzhou

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图 3 染料敏化光伏电池结构^[17]

Figure 3. Structure of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)^[17]

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图 4 平面结构钙钛矿电池(PSCs)结构示意图^[19]

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of planar perovskite cell (PSCs) structure ^[19]

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表 1 各类光伏电池对比

Table 1. Comparison of various photovoltaic cells

Cell types	Conversion efficiency	Advantages	Disadvantage	Applicable scenario	Cost (Cells)
Monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells	24.2%^[6]	Mature technology	High cost	Photovoltaic power station, etc.	1.04-1.12 Yuan/W
Polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cells	22.8%^[24]	Mature technology	Low efficiency	Photovoltaic power station, etc.	0.73-0.83 Yuan/W
Silicon-based thin film photovoltaic cells	11.9%^[25]	Translucent, flexible substrate	Low efficiency	BIPV application etc.	4.54 Yuan/W (Mitsubishi heavy industries)
Copper indium gallium Selenium thin film photovoltaic cell (CIGS)	23.4%^[26]	Lightweight; Low light performance is good	Contains the rare element In	BIPV application etc.	5 Yuan/W
Cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic cell (CdTe)	22.1%^[27]	Stable performance	Component rarity	BIPV application etc.	4.6 Yuan/W (First solar)
Gallium arsenide thin film photovoltaic cell (GaAs)	35.5%^[12]	High efficiency; High temperature and radiation resistance	High cost	Aerospace engineering	38 Yuan/W
Dye-sensitized thin film photovoltaic cells (DSSC)	11.7%^[13]	Long cell life; Simple structure	Liquid electrolyte is volatile; Poor stability	In the lab	—
Perovskite photovoltaic cells (PSCs)	26.7%^[28]	Low cost; Abundant raw materials	Short life	BIPV application etc.	1 Yuan/W (Golden concord nano)

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表 2 国内外新型太阳能电池研究进展

Table 2. Research progress of new solar cells at home and abroad

Types	Time and authors	Description	Efficiency
Perovskite photovoltaic cells	2019 HU Jingsong^[30]	The invention relates to a perovskite solar cell coated with a perovskite precursor by an air knife	19%
	2018 ZHAO Qin^[31]	Perovskite polycrystalline films with larger grains and lower defect density were obtained by using cesium chloride enhanced lead iodide precursor solution two-step method	22.1%
	2018 PAN Xu^[14]	Introduction of mixed cation perovskite cells	19.94%
	2018 WANG Zhaokui^[32]	Ternary Pb-Sn-Cu perovskite solar cell	21.08%
	2021 JACKI Jeong^[21]	An anionic engineering technique was developed to improve the crystallinity of thin films	26.7%
Dye-sensitized solar cells	2018 ZHU Weihong^[33]	Structurally stable and efficient dye-sensitized cells with additional auxiliary receptors	11.7%
Dye-sensitized solar cells	2019 YUMA Kurumisawa^[34]	The team achieved high conversion efficiency with the help of a new dye molecule (DfZnP-iPr)	10.7%
Organic solar cell	2018 LI Yongfang^[35]	PTQ10, a low-cost and efficient polymer donor material, is a simple D-A copolymer	12.7%
Organic solar cell	2021 ZHANG Tao^[36]	PB2F was added to the PBDB-TF: BTP-EC9 blend as the third component	18.6%
Quantum dot solar cells	2018 MA Wangli^[37]	A solvent-processable quantum dot solar cell was prepared by using polymer hole transport materials	13%

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表 3 分布式光伏的商业模式

Table 3. Distributed photovoltaic business model

Mode name	Owner of photovoltaic power station	Source of investment funds	Source of income
Personal investment mode	Unit or individual	Domestic investment	Save the electricity charge, the extra electricity to surf the Internet, get the government subsidy
Contract energy management model	Energy companies	Bank loan, lease financing	Charge users' electricity, access the Internet with excess electricity, and obtain government subsidies
Network crowd-funding mode	Energy companies	Raise many investors	Charge users' electricity, access the Internet with excess electricity, and obtain government subsidies
Personal rooftop PV power station rental model	Energy companies	financing	The end user signs a contract with the energy company, pays a rental fee and shares the revenue

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表 4 光伏产业相关政策

Table 4. Photovoltaic industry-related policies

Policy type	Number of policies	Representative policies	Content of representative policies
Development and planning policies	28	Guidelines on Energy Work in 2021	Wind power and photovoltaic power generation should account for about 11% of the total electricity consumption in China.
Given policies	9	Notice on the Weight of Responsibility for Consumption of Renewable Energy Electricity in 2021 and Related Matters	Starting from 2021, weights for provincial consumption will be released at the beginning of each year, while weights for the current year and the following year will be issued. Weights for the current year are mandatory indicators for provincial assessment, and weights for the next year are prospective indicators for provincial project reserve.
Subsidy policies	14	Notice on Accelerating the Review of the List of Subsidized Renewable Energy Power Generation Projects	Make it clear that all projects that have completed the approval (filing) procedures and completed full capacity grid connection in 2006 and later years can be declared into the subsidy list.

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太阳能电池综述：材料、政策驱动机制及应用前景

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220302.001

通讯作者:
蔡琦琳，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: qlcai@suda.edu.cn

吴玺，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: wuxi@suda.edu.cn

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A review of solar cells: Materials, policy-driven mechanisms and application prospects

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太阳能电池综述：材料、政策驱动机制及应用前景

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20220302.001

通讯作者: 蔡琦琳，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用 E-mail: qlcai@suda.edu.cn 吴玺，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用 E-mail: wuxi@suda.edu.cn

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A review of solar cells: Materials, policy-driven mechanisms and application prospects

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通讯作者:
蔡琦琳，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: qlcai@suda.edu.cn

吴玺，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为太阳能高效利用　E-mail: wuxi@suda.edu.cn