Research and discussion on processing technology of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites
-
摘要: 碳纤维增强碳基复合材料(C/C)具有热膨胀系数低、耐腐蚀、抗热冲击、耐磨损等特点，在武器装备、航空航天、汽车制造等领域得到日益广泛的应用。传统加工技术难以实现对C/C复合材料的高精度加工。激光加工技术对加工对象的尺寸、材质和形状要求低，易与其他先进加工技术相结合，具有其他加工方法所不具备的优势。本论文主要对C/C复合材料的制备、应用和加工方式进行了论述，详细阐述了激光加工C/C复合材料的原理机制和工艺特点，以及不同应用场合下加工工艺的选择策略。通过传统加工方法和特种加工方法的对比，概述了加工C/C复合材料所面临的问题和挑战，提出了C/C复合材料激光加工与其他先进制造技术相结合的发展趋势。Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites (C/C) have the characteristics of low thermal expansion coefficient, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, and wear resistance, which are widely used in military equipment, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and other fields. But it is difficult to achieve high precision machining of C/C composites by traditional processing technology. Laser processing technology has low requirements for the size, material and shape. It is easy to combine with other advanced processing technologies and has the characteristics that other methods do not have. This paper mainly reviews the preparation, application and processing methods of C/C composites, elaborates the mechanism and process characteristics of laser processing of C/C composites and the selection strategy of processing technology in different applications. Through the comparison of traditional processing methods and special processing methods, the problems and challenges faced by the processing of C/C composites are summarized, and the development trend of the combination of laser processing of C/C composites and other advanced manufacturing technologies is proposed.
-
Janus材料因其独特的结构或组成的不对称性展现出很多特殊的功能，近年来为人们所广泛关注[1-4]。目前，Janus材料在乳化剂[5]、自驱动马达[6]、药物释放[7]、催化[8]和柔性可穿戴[9]等众多领域都展现出巨大的应用前景。自1991年被诺贝尔奖获得者De Gennes[1]首次提出以来，经过30多年的发展，已经有多种不同组成或形貌结构的Janus材料被合成出来，从组成来分类，主要有聚合物/聚合物型、无机物/无机物型及聚合物/无机物型；从形貌来区分，包括颗粒状[10]、棒状[11]、片状[12]、锥状[13]及雪人状[14]等。
不同于传统Janus材料，Janus中空球在空间结构上中心对称，其非对称性体现在内外表面的化学组成和性质上，这种独特的结构使其可以用作特殊微容器，用于分离富集、传输和受限反应等[15-19]。但是，研究发现，完整致密的壳层会限制微球和环境之间的物质传输[15]。因此，为了提高Janus微球和环境之间的物质传输速率，引入了贯穿壳层的孔道，即Janus笼。目前，已经有多种功能Janus笼被制备出来，作为高效传输的微反应容器，在水处理、催化，环境响应富集释放等方向展现出一定的应用前景[20-23]。
课题组在之前的工作中，最早提出了乳液界面溶胶凝胶法制备二氧化硅Janus中空球的方法[24]。进而在此基础上通过两种表面活性剂在乳液界面发生微相分离在中空球表面形成通孔，同时引入磁性纳米粒子并在中空球内腔接枝温敏性聚合物，得到热敏性的聚合物-无机物复合功能Janus笼[22]。但是，在之前的研究中也发现，Janus笼的表面孔径很难调控，孔径也只能限制在50 nm以下，如果想要通过增加致孔表面活性剂的量得到更大孔径的笼，不仅孔径变化不大，而且还会导致壳层局部呈不连续结构，在表面形成二氧化硅小颗粒，进而破坏球形结构，无法得到完整的中空球。
基于这些考虑，在此提出了新的研究思路，先用烷基和末端带卤素基团的硅烷偶联剂代替带活性双键的硅烷偶联剂，壳层依旧引入磁性纳米颗粒，先制备出支撑性良好、孔径大范围可调的无机Janus笼，进而利用可控自由基聚合代替自由基聚合，在更温和的反应条件下在内腔接枝pH响应性聚合物，得到支撑性好、孔径大范围可调的功能有机/无机功能复合Janus笼，并验证了其可以在改变环境pH的条件下实现对油相的可控吸收和释放，以及在磁操控下实现装载物的定向传输，有望用于药物装载和体内靶向释放等领域。
1. 实验材料及方法
1.1 原材料
无水三氯化铁(FeCl3，分析纯)、油酸钠(分析纯)、油酸(分析纯)、吐温80(Tween 80，化学纯)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS，化学纯)、铜粉(分析纯)和52#石蜡(熔点50~52℃)购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司；3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES，98%)、香豆素-6 (98%)、荧光素5-异硫氰酸酯(FITC，95%)、三乙胺(99%)、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷(98%)和2-溴-2-甲基丙酰溴(98%)购自北京百灵威科技有限公司；正硅酸乙酯(分析纯)、甲醇(分析纯)、正癸烷(分析纯)和甲苯(分析纯)购自西陇科学股份有限公司；1, 1-双十八烷基-3, 3, 3, 3-四甲基吲哚羰花青高氯酸盐(dil-C18，98%)和甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯(DEAEMA，>98.5%)购自西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司(Sigma-Aldrich)；三[2-(二甲氨基)乙基]胺(Me6TREN，97%)购自梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司(TCI)；预水解的苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物水溶液(HSMA，10wt%)为自制。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 样品制备
(1) 磁性无机Janus笼的制备。取0.3 g合成的油溶性磁性Fe3O4颗粒[25]、1.1 g APTES、0.88 g正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和5.2 g正硅酸乙酯加入到25 g正癸烷中混合均匀作为油相；将15 mL 10wt%的HSMA的水溶液加入75 mL水中，用2 mol/L HCl调pH为3~4。然后再加入0.03 g Tween 80，混合均匀，作为水相。混合水油两相，用高速剪切机(Fluko FA25，德国Fluko)在12000 r/min的速度下剪切乳化3 min。将剪切所得乳液转移至三口瓶中，70℃反应12 h，得到磁性无机Janus笼。
(2) 末端Br基硅烷偶联剂的合成。将4.31 g APTES和2.55 g三乙胺(TEA)加入到20 mL甲苯中，通氮气30 min。再将5.95 g溴代异丁酰溴(BiBB)溶解于10 mL甲苯中，加入到恒压漏斗中。在冰浴条件下，缓慢的将溴代异丁酰溴甲苯溶液缓慢滴加到体系中，磁力搅拌过夜后，离心除去下层白色沉淀后，旋蒸除去甲苯，即得到末端为溴基的硅烷偶联剂。
(3) pH响应性磁性复合Janus笼的制备。将10 mg 铜粉和50 mg上述步骤(1)合成的磁性无机Janus笼分散到36 mL水中，通氮气30 min。将0.2 g DEAEMA和30 μL配体Me6TREN分散到18 mL甲醇中，通氮气30 min后和水相混合，在50℃水浴中反应12 h。磁分离，用乙醇洗涤3次，真空干燥，得到内表面接枝有PDEAEMA的磁性聚合物/无机磁性复合Janus笼。
1.2.2 复合Janus笼pH响应性吸释实验
(1) 复合Janus笼对油相的pH响应性吸释和磁分离。在0.2 g甲苯中加入少量油溶性荧光染料dil-C18染色，在样品瓶中将10 mg磁性复合Janus笼分散在5 g水中，再加入染色甲苯，调节pH至5，此时水油两相明显分层，再调节pH至9，振荡吸附，甲苯层消失，用磁铁吸附，吸附有甲苯的复合Janus笼即在磁铁一侧的瓶壁处富集，将pH调回5，振荡静置后用磁铁吸附，甲苯层重新出现；同样在0.2 g甲苯中加入少量油溶性荧光染料dil-C18染色，在样品瓶中将10 mg磁性复合Janus笼分散在5 g水中，再加入染色甲苯，调节pH至5，此时水油两相明显分层，保持pH值不变，振荡后用磁铁吸附，甲苯无法被复合Janus笼吸附。
(2) 复合Janus笼在荧光显微镜下的pH响应性吸释：将50 mg磁性复合Janus笼分散在10 g水中，加入水溶性荧光燃料FITC进行染色标记。将0.5 g加入少量香豆素-6荧光染料染色的甲苯加入到溶解有10 mg表面活性剂SDS的10 g水中，超声乳化得到水包油乳液。将FITC标记的复合Janus笼水分散液加入到乳液中，调节pH至9左右，避光搅拌，分别在磁分离复合Janus笼前后在荧光显微镜(Olympus IX83，日本Olympus)下观察；再调节pH至5左右，避光搅拌，同样分别在磁分离复合Janus笼前后在荧光显微镜下观察。
2. 结果与讨论
2.1 磁性无机Janus笼的制备、孔径调节与表征
在之前制备复合Janus笼时，课题组是将硅烷前驱体和聚合物单体同时溶解在油相中，一步得到有机/无机复合Janus多孔球[22]。但是多孔球的孔径只能在50 nm左右且难以调节，对应的致孔表面活性剂Tween 80在水相的浓度在0.22wt%以下，当Tween 80浓度继续升高时，会使多孔球外表面生成SiO2小颗粒，进而破坏球形结构。
本文用正辛基三乙氧基硅烷代替含活性双键的硅烷偶联剂作为球壳内侧接枝亲油基团的硅前驱体，同时将制备的油溶性Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散在油相中，得到外侧为氨基，内侧为烷基的磁性无机Janus笼。样品分别在扫描电子显微镜(SEM，带有元素分析 EDX的Quanta FEG 250，美国 FEI)和透射电子显微镜(TEM，JEM-1011，日本 JEOL)下进行观察，如图1所示。Janus笼的直径约为1~3 μm，孔径约为200~400 nm (图1(a)、图1(b))，同时不同于内侧接枝活性双键的无机Janus笼，即使没有聚合物的支撑，内侧为正辛基硅烷修饰的Janus笼也不会塌缩。进而对无机Janus笼进行超声粉碎，可以得到表面具有孔道的磁性Janus片(图1(c))。对得到的Janus片进行包埋切片，在TEM下观察，如图1(d)所示，可以看到磁性纳米粒子镶嵌在壳层中。
调节致孔表面活性剂Tween 80的加入量，即可对Janus笼球壳表面的通孔孔径进行调节。如图2所示，Tween 80在水相的浓度分别为0.01wt% (图2(a))、0.02wt% (图2(b))、0.04wt% (图2(c))和0.08wt% (图2(d))时，其表面孔径可从40 nm左右增加到约1 μm。
![]()
图 1 内侧修饰正辛基的磁性无机Janus笼的SEM图像 (a) 和TEM图像 (b)；由磁性无机Janus笼破碎得到的Janus多孔片的SEM图像 (c) 和甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)包埋切片后的TEM图像 (d)Figure 1. SEM image (a) and TEM image (b) of magnetic organic Janus cage with octyl group grafted onto interior surface; SEM image (c) of Janus porous nanosheets crushed from magnetic inorganic Janus cage and cross section TEM image (d) of slice of magnetic inorganic Janus cage after embedding in methyl methacrylate (MMA) and section![]()
图 2 水相中不同Tween 80添加量制备得的无机Janus笼的SEM图像：(a) 0.01wt%；(b) 0.02wt%；(c) 0.04wt%；(d) 0.08wt%Figure 2. SEM images of the inorganic Janus cages synthesized at varied Tween 80 concentrations in aqueous phase: (a) 0.01wt%; (b) 0.02wt%; (c) 0.04wt%; (d) 0.08wt%在之前的工作中，即使Tween 80的含量提高近10倍，孔径的大小变化也不明显[22]，相比之下，本文孔径对Tween 80的量变化更敏感。这是由于在之前工作中，由于无机/有机壳层是一锅法制备，因而在油相中加入了大量的聚合物单体，其和Tween 80相容性比烷烃溶剂要差，使Tween 80在界面的微相分区面积较小，即使浓度增加，对分区面积影响也不大，因而难以对孔径进行大范围调节，继续增加Tween 80的浓度只能破坏壳层。而本文先构建无机壳层，油相中只添加了硅前驱体，同时用烷基硅烷偶联剂代替带有活性双键的硅前驱体，使油相和Tween 80非极性部分的基团极性相近，使Tween 80微区可以在界面更加铺展，因而能够通过改变Tween 80的量来实现孔径的大范围调节。为了进一步验证，在不改变其他条件，仅仅不添加聚合物单体的情况下重复之前的制备过程，如图3所示，腔内不一步接枝聚合物时，制备的无机笼的孔径明显变大且孔径对Tween 80的含量更加敏感，但是失去聚合物的支撑，无机笼壳层本身支撑性差，呈塌缩状态。
![]()
图 3 (a) 水相中Tween 80添加量为0.22wt%制备的无机/有机复合Janus笼的SEM图像；(b) 水相中Tween 80添加量为0.04wt%制备的无机笼的SEM图像Figure 3. (a) SEM image of the polymer/inorganic composite Janus cages synthesized at 0.22wt% of Tween 80 in aqueous phase; (b) SEM image of inorganic Janus cages synthesized at 0.04wt% of Tween 80 without addition of monomer in aqueous phase2.2 磁性pH响应性聚合物/无机复合Janus笼的制备
研究发现，用带烷基的硅前驱体替代带活性双键的硅前驱体能够得到支撑性良好的无机笼，但是单纯的烷基链修饰内侧使得无机笼没有活性位点去接枝功能性的聚合物，限制了Janus笼的应用。考虑到自由基聚合难以控制，本工作基于“铜媒介”可控自由基聚合法(CuCRP)代替自由基聚合，在笼内侧接枝了pH响应性聚合物[26]。
为了在无机Janus笼内表面接枝聚合物，先要在内侧修饰上卤素基团。通过氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和溴代异丁酰溴在等物质的量的条件下进行反应，制备出末端为溴基的硅烷偶联剂。对产物进行核磁共振(1H NMR，Bruker Avance III 400 HD，德国 Bruker)表征，各个H原子峰已在图4(a)中标注，其中，化学位移在6.96×10−6的峰对应着酰胺上与N相连的H，且积分结果为1 ，证明末端为溴基的硅烷偶联剂成功合成。再以摩尔比1∶1的比例将合成的末端Br基硅烷偶联剂和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷一起加入油相作为亲油一侧的修饰基团，得到内表面接枝Br基的Janus笼。如图4(b)所示，对Janus笼进行EDX元素分析，证明Br的成功引入。
![]()
图 4 (a) 合成的末端带Br基的硅烷偶联剂的核磁共振图谱；(b) 内表面接枝Br基的磁性无机Janus笼的SEM图像及内嵌EDX图谱(方框为元素分析所选区域)Figure 4. (a) 1H NMR spectrum of synthesized silane end with Br group; (b) SEM image and inset EDX spectrum of magnetic inorganic Janus cage with Br group grafted onto the interior surface (Box is the selected area for element analysis)成功在壳层内侧引入溴基以后，采用“铜媒介”可控自由基聚合法(CuCRP)制备pH响应性Janus笼[26]，将磁性无机Janus笼分散在水相，pH响应性单体DEAEMA和配体分散在甲醇中，混溶后加入铜粉作为催化剂，壳层内侧的溴基引发聚合，接枝上pH响应性聚合物PDEAEMA，即得到pH响应的磁性聚合物/无机复合Janus笼。其反应体系温和简单，在水和甲醇混溶体系就可以聚合油溶性单体，更加清洁无污染，反应体系耐氧性高。在扫描电镜下观察，其形貌未有明显变化(图5(a))。将接枝功能聚合物的复合Janus笼用预聚物甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)包埋，再进行切片并在TEM下观察，如图5(b)所示，发现Janus笼壳层内出现衬度较低的一层，说明PDEAEMA仅接枝在Janus笼的内表面(为了便于观察，包埋切片的Janus笼未复合磁性纳米颗粒)。将复合Janus笼超声破碎得到复合多孔片，发现内侧接枝聚合物之后变得粗糙(图5(c))，用HF刻蚀除去无机层，得到聚合物笼(图5(d))。
对复合Janus笼分别进行红外图谱(FTIR，Bruker EQUINOX 55，德国 Bruker)和热失重(TGA， Perkin-Elmer Pyris 1， 美 国 Perkin-Elmer)分析。其红外图谱如图6(a)所示，接枝聚合物后的Janus笼(曲线2)对比于无机磁性Janus笼(曲线1)，在1725 cm−1出现新的特征峰，对应着聚合物PDEAEMA的酯基峰。此外，1050~1150 cm−1对应着二氧化硅Si—O—Si的非对称伸缩振动峰，1633 cm−1对应的为氨基的特征峰，595 cm−1对应着的Fe—O特征峰。通过TGA分析可测得复合Janus笼中聚合物的含量(图6(b))。图中曲线1为无机磁性Janus笼的热失重曲线，其残余63.1wt%，失重的原因主要为有机基团热解和硅前驱体进一步缩合造成。而曲线2为接枝聚合物后的复合Janus笼的曲线，其热解后残余36.8wt%，因而计算出复合Janus笼中聚合物质量含量为41.7wt%。
![]()
图 5 (a) 内表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯(PDEAEMA)的磁性无机/有机复合Janus笼的SEM图像；(b) 未复合磁性纳米颗粒的内表面接枝PDEAEMA无机/有机复合Janus笼切片的TEM图像；(c) 复合Janus笼破碎后的多孔片的SEM图像；(d) 用HF酸刻蚀除去无机壳层后的有机笼的SEM图像Figure 5. (a) SEM image of magnetic composite Janus cage with polydiethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDEAEMA) grafted onto interior surface; (b) Cross-section TEM image of composite Janus cage with PDEAEMA grafted onto interior surface (without Fe3O4 nanoparticles); (c) SEM image of Janus porous nanosheets crushed from composite Janus cage; (d) SEM image of organic cage obtained by etching inorganic shell with HF![]()
图 6 (a) 磁性无机Janus笼(曲线1)和磁性有机/无机复合Janus笼(曲线2)的FTIR图谱；(b) 磁性无机Janus笼(曲线1)和磁性有机/无机复合Janus笼(曲线2)的在空气中的热失重曲线Figure 6. (a) FTIR spectra of magnetic inorganic Janus cage ( curve 1) and magnetic composite Janus cage (curve 2); (b) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves in air of magnetic inorganic Janus cage (curve 1) and magnetic composite Janus cage (curve 2)2.3 磁性pH响应性聚合物/无机复合Janus笼用于油水分离、传输和响应性吸释
PDEAEMA为pH响应性聚合物，pKa约为7.2，当环境pH值大于其pKa时，PDEAEMA表现为疏水，反之则为亲水。Janus笼接枝pH响应性聚合物后，可以通过调节pH值来改变Janus笼内部的亲疏水环境，实现磁操控的pH响应性油水分离，进而可用于药物在体内的靶向释放等。
首先对复合Janus笼进行磁操控pH响应性吸释和磁分离实验，如图7所示。先将油溶性荧光染料dil-C18加入到少量甲苯中以便后续观察，将甲苯加入到分散有复合Janus笼的水中并调节水相pH值为5，两者不互溶形成界限分明的两相(图7(a))。再将水相pH值调至9，振荡吸附，甲苯和水相分层消失，体系呈浑浊的均相，再用磁铁进行磁分离，发现不再出现两相分层，而是甲苯都随着复合Janus笼被吸附在瓶壁上(图7(b))。将pH调回5，振荡后静置，再用磁铁进行磁分离，发现油水分相重新出现，当环境变为酸性时，油相重新被Janus笼释放出来(图7(c))。作为对照，保持水相pH值为5不变，重复上述实验，发现油相无法在酸性条件下被复合笼吸入(图7(d)、图7(e))。由此，复合Janus笼可对环境中的油进行pH响应性的吸释并可在磁操控下定向运输。
![]()
图 7 内表面接枝PDEAEMA的磁性复合Janus笼对油相的pH响应性及磁操控分离实验：(a) 分散有复合Janus笼的水(下层)和甲苯(上层)分相照片，甲苯中加入1, 1-双十八烷基-3, 3, 3, 3-四甲基吲哚羰花青高氯酸盐 (dil-C18)染料以便于观察，水相pH值为5；(b) 调节pH至9，振荡后磁分离吸收甲苯的复合Janus笼的照片；(c) 调节pH至5，振荡静置后磁铁吸附复合Janus笼的照片；(d) 分散有复合Janus笼的水(下层)和经dil-C18染色的甲苯(上层)分相照片，水相pH值为5；(e) 保持pH为5不变，振荡静置后磁铁吸附复合Janus笼的照片Figure 7. pH-responsive absorption and release of the oil and magnetic manipulation of magnetic composite Janus cage with PDEAEMA grafted onto interior surface: (a) Immiscible mixture of toluene (top)/aqueous dispersion of composite Janus cage (bottom), oil soluble dye 1, 1'-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3', 3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (dil-C18) is added in toluene and the pH value of aqueous dispersion is 5; (b) pH value is modulated to 9 and oil contained magnetic Janus cages are collected by magnets after vibration; (c) pH value is modulated back to 5 and magnetic Janus cages are collected by magnets after vibration with the release of dyed oil; (d) Immiscible mixture of toluene (top)/aqueous dispersion of composite Janus cage (bottom), oil soluble dye dil-C18 is added in toluene and the pH value of aqueous dispersion is 5; (e) pH value remains to be 5 and magnetic Janus cages are collected by magnets after vibration while dyed oil remains unchanged进而在荧光显微镜下观察复合Janus笼对油相pH响应性的吸释过程，如图8所示。将甲苯加入香豆素-6荧光染料标记后再用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为乳化剂和水乳化得到水包油乳液，乳液液滴在荧光显微镜下呈现蓝色。将pH响应性复合Janus笼先用FITC进行荧光标记，染料可吸附在Janus笼壳层便于后续观察。再将标记后的Janus笼加入上述荧光标记的水和甲苯的乳液中，分散均匀，调节pH为9左右，避光搅拌后再置于荧光显微镜下观察，发现蓝色的甲苯液滴(圆圈内)被吸入到Janus笼腔体内(图8(a))，磁分离Janus笼后取水相置于荧光显微镜下观察，蓝色液滴消失(图8(b))，证明在pH=9的条件下，Janus笼将甲苯完全吸入腔内；把pH调至5，壳层内聚合物由疏水转变为亲水，甲苯被挤出，此时在荧光显微镜下仅仅看到Janus笼呈现绿色的光圈，腔内蓝色液滴消失(图8(c))，磁分离后对水相取样观察，出现蓝色液滴(球形)，证明甲苯被Janus笼响应性释放(图8(d))，说明复合Janus笼可通过改变环境pH值可以实现可控的油水分离。
![]()
图 8 pH=9时复合Janus笼吸附荧光染色甲苯的荧光显微镜图像(a)和用磁铁分离吸附甲苯的Janus笼后，上层水样的荧光显微镜图像(b)； pH=5时Janus笼释放出甲苯后的荧光显微镜图像(c)和磁铁分离Janus笼后上层水样的荧光显微镜图像(d)Figure 8. Fluorescence microscopy images of the Janus composite cage after absorption of toluene with pH of the circumstance of 9 (a) and the supernatant water after magnetic collection of the Janus cage (b); Fluorescence microscopy images of the Janus composite cage after release of toluene with pH of the circumstance of 5 (c) and the supernatant water after magnetic collection of the Janus cage (d)3. 结 论
(1) 通过乳液界面溶胶凝胶和两种表面活性剂在界面微相分离先制备磁性无机Janus笼，内部修饰的烷基基团使无机笼壳层具有良好支撑性，同时可通过调节吐温80 (Tween 80)含量实现孔径在40 nm~1 μm可调，进一步利用同样修饰在内表面的卤素基团，通过“Cu媒介”的活性自由基聚合法在温和的反应条件下成功在内表面接枝pH响应性聚合物得到功能无机/有机复合Janus笼。
(2) 将复合Janus笼用于油水分离，证明了其可通过调控环境pH来实现对油相的响应性吸收和释放。这种pH敏感性的微容器且表面带有增强传质的孔道，有望用于药物的装载和体内靶向释放等领域。
-
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
![]()
图 18 速度250 mm/s、功率1600 W时不同扫描次数时微槽形貌SEM图像对比[64]: (a) 扫描5次; (b) 扫描10次
Figure 18. SEM images comparison of micro groove morphology under different scanning times at the speed of 250 mm/s and power of 1600 W[64]: (a) Scanning for 5 times; (b) Scanning for 10 times
MEW—Matrix evaporation width; MRW—Matrix recession width; A, B—Thermal damage is more prominent in the region where the fibers are aligned perpendicular to the laser scanning direction
![]()
![]()
图 20 飞秒激光加工碳纤维增强复合材料的表面形貌图[72]: ((a)~(c)) 功率为1 W，
扫描次数分别为1、3、5次; ((d)~(f)) 功率为0.5 W， 扫描次数分别为1、3、5次 Figure 20. Surface morphology of carbon fiber reinforced composites processed by femtosecond laser[72]: ((a)-(c)) Number of
scanning is 1, 3, 5 times under 1 W power respectively; ((d)-(f)) Number of scanning is 1, 3, 5 times under 0.5 W power respectively ![]()
-
[1] 李崇俊, 马伯信, 金志浩. 碳/碳复合材料的新发展[J]. 材料科学与工程学报, 1999, 18(3): 135-140. LI Chongjun, MA Boxin, JIN Zhihao. Recent developments of carbon-carbon composites[J]. Materials Science & Engineering, 1999, 18(3): 135-140(in Chinese).
[2] GOLECKI I, XUE L, LEUNG R, et al. Properties of high thermal conductivity carbon-carbon composites for thermal management applications[C]. USA: 1998 High-Temperature Electronic Materials, Devices and Sensors Conference, 1998: 190-195.
[3] 陈洁, 熊翔, 肖鹏. 高导热C/C复合材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2006(S2): 431-435. CHEN Jie, XIONG Xiang, XIAO Peng. Research and development of high-thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2006(S2): 431-435(in Chinese).
[4] KUMAR C V, KANDASUBRAMANIAN B. Advances in ablative composites of carbon based materials: A review[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2019, 58(51): 22663-22701.
[5] 解齐颖, 张祎, 朱阳, 等. 超高温陶瓷改性碳/碳复合材料[J]. 材料工程, 2021, 49(7): 46-55. XIE Qiying, ZHANG Wei, ZHU Yang, et al. Ultra-high temperature ceramics modified carbon/carbon composites[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2021, 49(7): 46-55(in Chinese).
[6] ALGHAMDI A, MUMMERY P, SHEIKH M A. Multi-scale 3D image-based modelling of a carbon/carbon composite[J]. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engi-neering, 2013, 21(8): 1-13.
[7] ALGHAMDI A, KHAN A, MUMMERY P, et al. The characterisation and modelling of manufacturing porosity of a 2D carbon/carbon composite[J]. Journal of Composite Materials, 2014, 48(23): 2815-2829.
[8] CHOWDHURY P, SEHITOGLU H, RATEICK R. Damage tolerance of carbon-carbon composites in aerospace application[J]. Carbon, 2018, 126: 382-393.
[9] 张登科, 王光辉, 方登科, 等. 碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的应用研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料, 2021, 50(1): 1-5. ZHANG Dengke, WANG Guanghui, FANG Dengke, et al. Progress in application and research of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2021, 50(1): 1-5(in Chinese).
[10] 季根顺, 王丽, 贾建刚, 等. CVI法制备C/C复合材料的温度梯度[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2018, 44(1): 17-20. JI Genshun, WANG Li, JIA Jiangang, et al. The temperature gradient in preparation of C/C composites with CVI method[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2018, 44(1): 17-20(in Chinese).
[11] WINDHORST T, GORDON B. Carbon-carbon composites: A summary of recent developments and applications[J]. Materials & Design, 1997, 18(1): 11-15.
[12] 张哲, 赵鹏, 孙国栋, 等. 酚醛树脂溶液浓度对液相浸渍-碳化法制备C/C复合材料浸渍效率的影响[J]. 固体火箭技术, 2019, 42(6): 771-778. ZHANG Zhe, ZHAO Peng, SUN Guodong, et al. Effect of concentration of phenolic resin on impregnation efficiency of carbon/carbon composites prepared by liquidimpregnation-carbonization method[J]. Journal of Solid Rocket Technology, 2019, 42(6): 771-778(in Chinese).
[13] 李铁虎, 杨峥, 郑修麟, 等. 用改进的低压渍浸碳化法制备C/C复合材料的工艺研究[J]. 西北工业大学学报, 1994, 12(2): 155-158. LI Tiehu, YANG Zheng, ZHENG Xiulin, et al. Laboratory production of carbon/carbon composite by improved lpic[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 1994, 12(2): 155-158(in Chinese).
[14] 李文强. 碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料烧蚀计算研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2021. LI Wenqiang. Numerical calculation research on ablation of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2021(in Chinese).
[15] 徐林, 杨文彬, 陈铮, 等. 高性能二维碳/碳复合材料的制备与性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2016, 33(12): 2877-2883. XU Lin, YANG Wenbin, CHEN Zheng, et al. Preparation and properties of high performance two-dimensional carbon/carbon composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2016, 33(12): 2877-2883(in Chinese).
[16] LUO R, LIU T, LI J, et al. Thermophysical properties of carbon/carbon composites and physical mechanism of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity[J]. Carbon, 2004, 42(14): 2887-2895.
[17] LUO R. Fabrication of carbon/carbon composites by an electrified preform heating CVI method[J]. Carbon, 2002, 40(11): 1957-1963
[18] 乔淑欣. 航天用C/C复合材料及其应用制备工艺[J]. 宇航材料工艺, 2013, 43(2): 18-21. QIAO Shuxin. C/C composites and preparation process in aerospace application[J]. Aerospace Materials & Technology, 2013, 43(2): 18-21(in Chinese).
[19] 张磊磊, 胡涛, 李贺军, 等. 炭/炭复合材料人工髋关节磨损颗粒研究[J]. 无机材料学报, 2010, 25(4): 349-353. ZHANG Leilei, HU Tao, LI Hejun, et al. Wear particles of carbon/carbon composite artificial hip joints[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2010, 25(4): 349-353(in Chinese).
[20] 倪昕晔, 熊信柏, 尤瑞金, 等. 碳/碳复合材料表面掺镁羟基磷灰石生物涂层的体外性能[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2017, 21(34): 5443-5448. NI Xinye, XIONG Xinbo, YOU Ruijin, et al. In vitro properties of magnesium doped hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of carbon/carbon composites[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2017, 21(34): 5443-5448(in Chinese).
[21] 张雨雷, 付艳芹, 付前刚, 等. 纳米管/线多尺度强韧化C/C复合材料研究现状与展望[J]. 航空材料学报, 2021, 41(3): 11-24. ZHANG Yulei, FU Yanqin, FU Qiangang, et al. Research status and prospect on nanotube/nanowire multi-scale-reinforced C/C composites[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2021, 41(3): 11-24(in Chinese).
[22] GAO B, ZHANG R, HE M, et al. Effect of a multiscale reinforcement by carbon fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of reinforced carbon/carbon composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2016, 90: 433-440.
[23] YI X, TAN Z, YU W, et al. Three dimensional printing of carbon/carbon composites by selective laser sintering[J]. Carbon, 2016, 96: 603-607.
[24] ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y, WANG T, et al. Experimental study on performances of carbon seal and finger seal under high-speed and high-pressure condition[J]. IOP Conference Series, Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, 382(2): 22044.
[25] 张延超, 刘凯, 周连杰, 等. 基于系统响应特征的指尖密封泄漏特性分析[J]. 航空动力学报, 2013, 28(1): 205-210. ZHANG Yanchao, LIU Kai, ZHOU Lianjie, et al. Analysis of leakage characteristics of finger seal based on system response[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2013, 28(1): 205-210(in Chinese).
[26] ZHANG Y C, ZHOU Y M, YIN M H, et al. Experimental investigation on friction and wear performance of C/C composite finger seal[J]. Journal of Tribology, 2020, 144: 021701.
[27] YEN B K, ISHIHARA T. An investigation of friction and wear mechanisms of carbon-carbon composites in nitrogen and air at elevated temperatures[J]. Carbon, 1996, 34(4): 489-498.
[28] FERREIRA J R, COPPINI N L, LEVY NETO F. Characteristics of carbon-carbon composite turning[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2001, 109(1): 65-71.
[29] 蒋建纯, 熊翔, 杨文堂, 等. 炭/炭复合材料切削加工试验研究[J]. 新型炭材料, 2000, 15(3): 38-42. JIANG Jianchun, XIONG Xiang, YANG Wentang, et al. An investigation of carbon/carbon composite machining[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2000, 15(3): 38-42(in Chinese).
[30] 郭孟, 樊会涛, 李辉. 面向航空航天的C/C复合材料加工技术研究[J]. 装备制造技术, 2014(3): 182-185. GUO Meng, FANG Huitao, LI Hui. C/C composites processing technology research applied in the field of aerospace[J]. Equipment Manufacturing Technology, 2014(3): 182-185(in Chinese).
[31] 鞠伟华. C/C复合材料加工工艺及质量评价研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. JU Weihua. Study on the mechanical process and quality evaluating of C/C composite material[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016(in Chinese).
[32] SHAN C, LIN X, WANG X, et al. Defect analysis in drilling needle-punched carbon-carbon composites perpendicular to nonwoven fabrics[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 7(8): 1-11.
[33] 刘琼, 黄国钦. 2D C/C-SiC复合材料钻削加工试验研究[J]. 福建工程学院学报, 2019, 17(1): 7-16. LIU Qiong, HUANG Guoqin. Experimental study on drilling processing of 2D C/C-SiC composites[J]. Journal of Fujian University of Technology, 2019, 17(1): 7-16(in Chinese).
[34] 蔺小军, 崔栋鹏, 单晨伟, 等. C/C复合材料钻削轴向力研究[J]. 航空制造技术, 2015(15): 60-64. LIN Xiaojun, CUI Dongpeng, SHAN Chenwei, et al. Experimental study on thrust force in drilling carbon/carbon composites[J]. CNC Machining Technology, 2015(15): 60-64(in Chinese).
[35] 周井文, 秦文津, 穆英娟, 等. 碳纤维复合材料铣削与磨削加工对比研究[J]. 金刚石与磨料磨具工程, 2020, 40(4): 76-80. ZHOU Jingwen, QIN Wenjin, MU Yingjuan, et al. Compara-tive study on machining of CFRP by end mill and abrasive router[J]. Diamond & Abrasives Engineering, 2020, 40(4): 76-80(in Chinee).
[36] 刘琼, 黄国钦, 徐西鹏. 2D-C/SiC复合材料磨削加工表面形成机制[J]. 福州大学学报, 2018, 46(2): 228-233. LIU Qiong, HUANG Guoqin, XU Xipeng. Surface forming mechanism of grinding 2D-C/SiC composites[J]. Journal of Fuzhou University, 2018, 46(2): 228-233(in Chinese).
[37] 张立峰, 王盛, 李战, 等. 纤维方向对单向C/SiC复合材料磨削加工性能的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(3): 373-377. ZHANG Lifeng, WANG Sheng, LI Zhan, et al. Effects of fiber direction on grinding performances for unidirectional C/SiC composites[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 31(3): 373-377(in Chinese).
[38] PI V N, LE X H, TUNG L A, et al. Cost optimization of internal grinding[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, 6(11/12): 291-296.
[39] 蔡志刚, 陈晓川, 王迪, 等. 碳碳复合材料的水射流钻孔技术研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(3): 226-232. CAI Zhigang, CHEN Xiaochuan, WANG Di, et al. Research on water jet drilling technology for carbon-carbon composites[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(3): 226-232(in Chinese).
[40] YIN D Y, ZHU C F, CHEN X C, et al. Finite-element analysis and an experimental study into the water jet reaming process of carbon-carbon composites[J]. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 2021, 57(2): 257-268.
[41] 朱超凡, 陈晓川, 鲍劲松. 面向碳-碳复合材料的激光和水射流组合制孔工艺仿真建模和实验研究[J]. 现代制造工程, 2020(1): 10-17. ZHU Chaofan, CHEN Xiaochuan, BAO Jinsong. Simulation modeling and experimental study on hole making process combined laser and water jet for carbon-carbon composite material[J]. Modern Manufacturing Engi-neering, 2020(1): 10-17(in Chinese).
[42] GEORGE P M, RAGHUNATH B K, MANOCHA L M, et al. Modelling of machinability parameters of carbon-carbon composite-A response surface approach[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2004(153/154): 920-924.
[43] GUU Y H, HOCHENG H, TAI N H, et al. Effect of electrical discharge machining on the characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2001, 36(8): 2037-2043.
[44] 翟兆阳, 梅雪松, 王文君, 等. 碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料激光刻蚀技术研究进展[J]. 中国激光, 2020, 47(6): 24-34. ZHAI Zhaoyang, MEI Xuesong, WANG Wenjun, et al. Research advancement on laser etching technology of silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2020, 47(6): 24-34(in Chinese).
[45] XU L Y, LU J R, LI K M, et al. Removal mechanism of CFRP by laser multi direction interaction[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 143: 107281.
[46] GENG L, LIU X, FU Q, et al. Laser ablative behavior of C/C modified by Si reactive infiltration[J]. Carbon, 2020, 168: 650-658.
[47] ZHAI Z, WANG W, ZHAO J, et al. Influence of surface morphology on processing of C/SiC composites via femtosecond laser[J]. Composites: Part A, Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2017, 102: 117-125.
[48] AN Q, CHEN J, MING W, et al. Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review[J]. Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics & Beihang University, 2020,1683:1-28.
[49] 周一倩. 基于光纤聚焦的激光表面织构加工及其摩擦学行为研究[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2009. ZHOU Yiqian. Micro laser surface texturing based on optical fiber focusing and tribological behavior of textured surfaces[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2009(in Chinese).
[50] GUREEV D M, KUZNETSOV S I, PETROV A L. Influence of laser treatment on the structure and properties of carbon-carbon composites[J]. Proceedings of SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering,1999,3688(10):259-265.
[51] ZOU L, HUANG B, HUANG Y, et al. An investigation of heterogeneity of the degree of graphitization in carbon-carbon composites[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2003, 82(3): 654-662.
[52] GUREEV D M, KUZNETSOV S I, PETROV A L. Changes in the structure and surface properties of carbon-carbon composites under the action of laser radiation[J]. Russian Laser Research, 2000, 21(3): 274-276.
[53] 李艳, 崔红, 嵇阿琳, 等. 热处理对C/C复合材料热膨胀行为的影响[J]. 材料导报, 2012, 26(12): 25-28. LI Yan, CUI Hong, JI Alin, et al. Effects of heat treatment on thermal expansion coefficient of C/C composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2012, 26(12): 25-28(in Chinese).
[54] KUZNETSOV S I, GUREEV D M, LEVIN D S, et al. Laser-beam pattern cutting of carbon-carbon composites[C]. Russian Federation: International Conference on Laser & Laser Information Technologies, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2001, 4644: 83-88.
[55] LIU Q, ZHANG L, JIANG F, et al. Laser ablation behaviors of SiC-ZrC coated carbon/carbon composites[J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2011, 205(17/18): 4299-4303.
[56] AL-SULAIMAN F A, YILBAS B S, AHSAN M. CO2 laser cutting of a carbon/carbon multi-lamelled plain-weave structure[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 173(3): 345-351.
[57] QIAN J P, LU L P, LI P Y, et al. Thermal shock resistance of graphite and carbon/carbon composites in plasma disruption simulation tests[J]. Nuclear Materials, 1994(212/215): 1183-1188.
[58] 花银群, 陈瑞芳, 肖淘, 等. 激光切割碳纤维复合材料的实验研究[J]. 激光技术, 2013, 37(5): 565-570. HUA Yinqun, CHEN Ruifang, XIAO Tao, et al. Experimental study about laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced polymer[J]. Laser Technology, 2013, 37(5): 565-570(in Chinese).
[59] KONONENKO T V, FREITAG C, KOMLENOK M S, et al. Oxygen-assisted multipass cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics with ultra-short laser pulses[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, 115(10): 103107.
[60] 袁根福, 曾晓雁. 硬脆性无机材料激光成形加工研究与应用现状[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2002(6): 47-51. YUAN Genfu, ZENG Xiaoyan. Status and prospect of laser machining researches and applications on hard and brickle materials[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2002(6): 47-51(in Chinese).
[61] 吴恩启, 石玉芳, 李美华, 等. 编织碳纤维复合材料平面内热传导规律研究[J]. 中国激光, 2016, 43(7): 168-173. WU Enqi, SHI Yufang, LI Meihua, et al. In-plane thermal conduction of woven carbon fiber reinforced polymer[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2016, 43(7): 168-173(in Chinese).
[62] 高燕, 宋怀河, 陈晓红. C/C复合材料的研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2002, 16(7): 44-47. GAO Yan, SONG Huaihe, CHEN Xiaohong. Progress in research on C/C composites[J]. Materials Reports, 2002, 16(7): 44-47(in Chinese).
[63] JUNG K, KAWAHITO Y, KATAYAMA S. Ultra-high speed disk laser cutting of carbon fiber reinforced plastics[J]. Journal of Laser Applications, 2012, 24(1): 12007.
[64] OH S, LEE I, PARK Y, et al. Investigation of cut quality in fiber laser cutting of CFRP[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2019, 113: 129-140.
[65] ZHAI Z, ZHANG R, TANG A, et al. Fabrication of microstructure on C/SiC surface via femtosecond laser diffraction[J]. Materials Letters, 2021, 293: 129711.
[66] ZHAI Z, WANG F, DUAN H. Experimental study on 800 nm femtosecond laser cutting of polyamide in air[J]. Optik, 2019, 194: 163080.
[67] ZHAI Z, WANG F, MEI X, et al. Preparation of graphene directly on liquid EB curing ink film by femtosecond laser[J]. Optik, 2020, 223: 165485.
[68] 蒋翼, 陈根余, 周聪, 等. 碳纤维复合材料皮秒激光切割工艺研究[J]. 激光技术, 2017, 41(6): 821-825. JIANG Yi, CHEN Genyu, ZHOU Cong, et al. Research of carbon fiber reinforced plastic cut by picosecond laser[J]. Laser Technology, 2017, 41(6): 821-825(in Chinese).
[69] WANG J, LIU Y, WANG C, et al. Character and mechanism of surface micromachining for C/SiC composites by ultrashort plus laser[J]. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 2017, 116(2): 99-107.
[70] 方光武, 宋迎东, 高希光. 针刺C/SiC复合材料应力-应变模型及试验验证[J]. 复合材料学报, 2016, 33(4): 827-832. FANG Guangwu, SONG Yingdong, GAO Xiguang. Model and test validation of stress-strain for needled C/SiC composite[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2016, 33(4): 827-832(in Chinese).
[71] 张若衡. SiC/SiC复合材料的超快激光加工工艺与特性研究[D]. 西安: 中国科学院研究生院(西安光学精密机械研究所), 2016. ZHANG Ruoheng. Machining technology and properties investigation of SiC/SiC composites by ultra-short pulse laser[D]. Xi’an: Chinese Academy of Sciences(Xi’an Institute of Optics & Precision Mechanics), 2016(in Chinese).
[72] ZHAI Z, WANG W, MEI X, et al. Effect of the surface microstructure ablated by femtosecond laser on the bonding strength of EBCs for SiC/SiC composites[J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 424: 137-144.
[73] DITTMAR H, GÄBLER F, STUTE U. UV-laser ablation of fibre reinforced composites with ns-pulses[J]. Physics Proedria, 2013, 41: 266-275.
[74] ZHAI Z, ZHANG Y, CUI Y, et al. Investigations on the ablation behavior of C/SiC under femtosecond laser[J]. Optik, 2020, 224: 165719.
[75] SUN D, HAN F, YING W. The experimental investigation of water jet-guided laser cutting of CFRP[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019, 102(1): 719-729.
[76] 刘敬明, 曹凤国. 激光复合加工技术的应用及发展趋势[J]. 电加工与模具, 2006(4): 5-9. LIU Jingming, CAO Fengguo. Application and development trend of laser combined machining technology[J]. Electrical Machining and Mould, 2006(4): 5-9(in Chinese).
[77] 张昌娟, 焦锋, 赵波, 等. 激光超声复合切削硬质合金的刀具磨损及其对工件表面质量的影响[J]. 光学精密工程, 2016, 24(6): 1413-1423. ZHANG Changjuan, JIAO Feng, ZHAO Bo, et al. Tool wear in laser ultrasonically assisted cutting cemented carbide and its effect on surface quality[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2016, 24(6): 1413-1423(in Chinese).
[78] 段鹏, 焦锋, 牛赢, 等. 激光超声复合加工硬质合金的切削特性研究[J]. 机械科学与技术, 2017, 36(4): 592-597. DUAN Peng, JIAO Feng, NIU Ying, et al. Machinability of tungsten carbide with assistance of laser and ultrasonic vibration[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering, 2017, 36(4): 592-597(in Chinese).
[79] ALAVI S H, HARIMKAR S P. Evolution of geometric and quality features during ultrasonic vibration-assisted continuous wave laser surface drilling[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016, 232: 52-62.
[80] FAN Z, WANG K, DONG X, et al. The role of the surface morphology and segmented cracks on the damage forms of laser re-melted thermal barrier coatings in presence of a molten salt (Na2SO4+V2O5)[J]. Corrosion Science, 2017, 115: 56-67.
[81] AL-AHMARIAB A, RASHEEDA M S, MOHAMMEDA M K, et al. A hybrid machining process combining micro-EDM and laser beam machining of nickel-titanium based shape memory alloy[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2015,1072:954.
[82] BACHMANN M, AVILOV V, GUMENYUK A, et al. About the influence of a steady magnetic field on weld pool dyna-mics in partial penetration high power laser beam welding of thick aluminum parts[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013, 60: 309-321.
[83] LU Y, SUN G F, WEN D P, et al. Effects of applying electric and magnetic fields on laser drilling[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, 84(9/12): 2293-2300.
[84] KRAY D, FELL A, HOPMAN S, et al. Laser chemical processing (LCP)-A versatile tool for microstructuring applications[J]. Applied Physics A, 2008, 93(1): 99-103.
[85] MEHRAFSUN S, MESSAOUDI H. Dynamic process behavior in laser chemical micro machining of metals[J]. Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2018, 54: 1-18.
[86] 陈雪辉, 李翔, 吴超, 等. 水射流辅助激光加工碳化硅的影响研究[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2019, 56(1): 225-231. CHEN Xuehui, LI Xiang, WU Chao, et al. Influence of water jet assisted laser processing silicon carbide[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2019, 56(1): 225-231(in Chinese).
[87] 刘斌, 戴玉堂, 殷广林, 等. 超声波辅助飞秒激光加工光纤材料的工艺探索[J]. 中国激光, 2016, 43(3): 66-71. LIU Bin, DAI Yutang, YIN Guanglin, et al. Exploration on ultrasonic vibration aided femtosecond laser machining process of fiber optic materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2016, 43(3): 66-71(in Chinese).
[88] 徐家乐. 电磁超声复合能场辅助激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织及性能研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2019. XU Jiale. Study on microstructure and properties of co-based coatings by laser cladding coupled with electromagnetic/ultrasonic compound energy field[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University, 2019(in Chinese).
-
期刊类型引用(10)
1. 翟兆阳，李欣欣，张延超，刘忠明，杜春华，张华明. 连续光纤激光切割金属薄壁材料工艺研究. 红外与激光工程. 2024(02): 33-43 . 
百度学术
2. 陶洋，李存静，逄增媛，张典堂. 展宽布/网胎针刺C/C复合材料制备及力学性能. 复合材料学报. 2024(04): 1934-1944 . 本站查看
3. 董志刚，王中旺，冉乙川，鲍岩，康仁科. 碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料超声振动辅助铣削加工技术的研究进展. 机械工程学报. 2024(09): 26-56 . 百度学术
4. 席翔，李海龙，陈友元，裴景奇，廖城坤，薛琳，储洪强，冉千平. 碳纤维增强碳基复合材料的介电性能对应力的自感知. 高分子材料科学与工程. 2024(05): 115-124 . 百度学术
5. 钱奇伟，张昕，杨贞军，沈镇，校金友. 基于CT图像深度学习的三维编织C/C复合材料微观组分与缺陷智能识别. 复合材料学报. 2024(07): 3536-3543 . 本站查看
6. 翟兆阳，李欣欣，张延超，刘忠明，杜春华，张华明. 基于正交试验的金属薄壁材料激光切割工艺优化. 中国机械工程. 2024(07): 1279-1289 . 百度学术
7. 何金玲. 纤维复材浆料流变性能分析及矿混匀质量应用研究. 粘接. 2024(09): 87-90 . 百度学术
8. 姚先龙. 碳基复合材料的应用及相关制备方法. 信息记录材料. 2023(01): 36-38 . 百度学术
9. 石磊，罗浩，罗瑞盈. 胶层厚度对C/C复合材料剪切粘接性能的影响. 炭素技术. 2023(04): 22-26 . 百度学术
10. 刘科众，陈舟，王泽鹏，韩保恒. C/C复合材料增密过程孔隙结构及演化研究. 机械设计与制造工程. 2022(10): 33-36 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(10)
-
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 2649
- HTML全文浏览量: 2975
- PDF下载量: 418
- 被引次数: 20
