MXene及其复合吸波材料的制备与性能研究进展

吴梦; 饶磊; 张建峰; 李月霞; 纪子影; 应国兵

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211018.001

MXene及其复合吸波材料的制备与性能研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20211018.001

河海大学　力学与材料学院，南京 211100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (11872171；51775167)

详细信息

通讯作者:
应国兵，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为特种复合材料与力学行为　E-mail: yinggb2010@126.com

中图分类号: TB34
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-06
- 修回日期: 2021-08-19
- 录用日期: 2021-08-27
- 网络出版日期: 2021-10-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-01

Research progress in preparation and performance of MXene and its composite absorbing materials

College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

摘要

摘要: 信息时代迅猛发展的同时也给人们带来了日益严重的电磁污染问题，发展先进微波吸收材料不仅可以减少电磁波污染，也对军事安全有着重要意义。MXene是一种新型二维材料，独特的二维结构、丰富且可控的表面官能团、高比表面积、高导电率和低密度等特点使其成为一种理想的高性能微波吸收材料。本文讨论了MXene及其复合吸波材料的制备方法，介绍了和吸波性能密切相关的MXene的电磁性能，然后按照损耗机制对MXene及其复合材料的吸波性能进行总结与分析。最后从种类、结构、应用方面对MXene及其复合吸波材料的发展方向进行了展望。
- MXene /
- 吸波 /
- 复合材料 /
- 电损耗 /
- 磁损耗
Abstract: The problem of electromagnetic pollution is becoming more and more serious with the rapid development of the information age. The development of advanced microwave absorbing materials can not only reduce electromagnetic pollution, but also have important implications for military security. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material. The unique two-dimensional structure, abundant and controllable surface functional groups, high specific surface area, high conductivity and low density make it an ideal high-performance microwave absorbing material. This paper first discussed the preparation methods of MXene and its composite absorbing composites, then introduced the electromagnetic performance of MXene, which is closely related to the absorbing performance. In addition, MXene and its composite microwave absorbing materials are summarized and analyzed according to the loss mechanism. Finally, the development direction of MXene and its composite absorbing materials is prospected from the aspects of type, structure and application.
- MXene /
- wave absorption /
- composites /
- electrical loss /
- magnetic loss

HTML全文

图 1 Web of Science上发表的MXene文章数量总结(2011~2020)

Figure 1. Number of MXene papers published on Web of Science (2011-2020)

Inside is a summary of the number of MXene papers in the field of wave absorption (left) and electromagnetic shielding (right)

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图 2 MXene微波吸收复合材料的分类：MXene、MXene/电损耗材料、MXene/磁损耗材料、MXene/多组分损耗材料

Figure 2. Classification of MXene microwave absorbing composites: Pure MXene, MXene/electric loss materials, MXene/magnetic loss materials, MXene/multicomponent loss materials

RGO—Reduced graphene oxide; SiCnw—SiC nanowire; PPy—Polypyrrole; FCI—Flaky carbonyl iron

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图 3 MAX和对应的MXene的电子结构图(a)^[39]和 SEM图(b)^[40]

Figure 3. Electronic structure (a)^[39] and SEM images (b) of MAX phase and the corresponding MXene^[40]

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图 4 静电自组装法制备聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)/SiCnw/MXene的示意图^[50]

Figure 4. Schematic illustrations of the preparation process of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/SiCnw/MXene by electrostatic self-assembly method^[50]

PDDA—Poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride); DI—Deionized; DMF—N, N-Dimethylformamide; PVDF—Poly(vinylidene fluoride)

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图 5 溶剂热法制备CoS@Ti₃C₂T_x的示意图^[53]

Figure 5. Schematic illustrations of the preparation process of CoS@Ti₃C₂T_x by solvothermal method^[53]

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图 6 冷冻干燥法制备Ni/MXene/RGO气凝胶 (a)^[56]和Ti₃C₂T_x@RGO气凝胶 (b) ^[57]的流程示意图

Figure 6. Schematic illustrations of the preparation process of Ni/MXene/RGO aerogel (a)^[56] and Ti₃C₂T_x@RGO aerogel (b)^[57] by freeze drying method

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图 7 原位聚合制备的Ti₃C₂T_x/PPy (a)^[60]、CVD法制备的Ti₃C₂T_x/CNT (b)^[62]和交替抽滤或喷涂法制备的Ti₃C₂T_x/TMO (c)^[64]的工艺流程图

Figure 7. Schematic illustrations of the preparation process of Ti₃C₂T_x/PPy by in-situ polymerization (a)^[60], Ti₃C₂T_x/CNT by CVD (b)^[62] and Ti₃C₂T_x/TMO^[64] by alternating filtration or spray coating methods (c)

APS—Ammonium persulfate; CVD—Chemical vapor deposition; TMO—Transition metal oxide

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图 8 C-MCM-3的微波吸收性能测试：(a) 反射损耗； (b) 有效吸收宽带^[90]

Figure 8. Microwave absorption properties of C-MCM-3: (a) Reflection loss; (b) Effective absorption band^[90]

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图 9 (a) Ti₃C₂T_x@PPy的RL值^[93]； (b) MXene/PANI的RL值；(c) 微波吸收机制图^[59]

Figure 9. (a) RL values of Ti₃C₂T_x@PPy^[93]; (b) RL values of MXene/PANI ; (c) Microwave absorbing mechanism^[59]

EM—Electromagnetic; PANI—Polyaniline

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图 10 MXene/Ni的电磁波损耗机制示意图^[34]

Figure 10. Schematic illustration of EM wave loss mechanism of MXene/Ni^[34]

Z₀—Impedance of free space; Z_in—Intrinsic impedance of sample

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表 1 MXene及其复合材料的吸波性能

Table 1. Microwave absorption properties of MXene and its composite materials

Type	Materials	Methods	Microwave absorbing performance			Ref.
Type	Materials	Methods	RL_min/dB	Band width/GHz	Thickness/mm	Ref.
MXene	Ti₃C₂T_x	Etching MAX phase	−17	5.6 (12.4-18)	1.4	[80]
	Ti₃C₂T_x	Etching MAX phase	−34.4	4.7 (12.4-17.1)	1.7	[81]
	Ti₃C₂T_x	Etching MAX phase	−45.2	3.66	1.68	[83]
	C/TiO₂	Annealing process	−50.3	4.7	2.1	[85]
	Ti₃C₂T_x/TiO₂	Annealing process	−40.07	3.6	1.5	[86]
MXene/electric loss materials	Ti₃C₂T_x/CNTs	Ultrasonic spray	−45	4.9	1.9	[90]
	Ti₃C₂/CNTs	Chemical vapor deposition	−52.9	4.46	1.55	[62]
	Ti₃C₂T_x@GO	Electrostatic-spinning + Freeze drying	−49.1	2.9 (12.9-15.8)	1.2	[91]
	Ti₃C₂T_x@RGO	Hydrothermal method + Freeze drying	−31.2	5.4 (11.4-16.8)	2.05	[57]
	Ti₃C₂T_x/SiCnw	Electrostatic self-assembly+ Freeze drying	−55.7	4.2 (8.2-12.4)	3.5-3.8	[92]
	Ti₃C₂T_x/SiCnw	Electrostatic self-assembly+ Solution casting+ Hot-pressing	−75.8	5.0	1.5	[50]
	Ti₃C₂T_x@PPy	In-situ polymerization	−49.5	6.63 (8.55-15.18)	2.7	[93]
	Ti₃C₂T_x/PANI	In-situ polymerization	−56.3	5.95	2.4	[59]
MXene/magnetic loss materials	Ti₃C₂/Ni	Electroless plating	−24.3	2.6 (8.66-11.26)	2.2	[94]
	Ti₃C₂T_x@Ni	Co-solvothermal	−52.6	6.1	3.0	[34]
	Ti₃C₂T_x/Ni chain	Hydrothermal method	−49.9	2.1	1.75	[96]
	FeCo−Ti₃C₂	Hydrothermal method	−17.86	8.8 (9.2-18.0)	1.6	[95]
	Fe₃O₄@Ti₃C₂T_x	Solvothermal method	−57.2	1.4	4.2	[98]
	NiFe₂O₄−Ti₃C₂T_x	Chemical coprecipitation	−24.7	7.68 (10.32-18.0)	1.5	[100]
	CoFe₂O₄−Ti₃C₂	In-situ solvothermal	−30.9	8.5 (8.3-16.8)	1.5	[102]
	Ti₃C₂/FCI	Ultrasonic mixing	−15.52	8.16 (9.84-18)	1.0	[103]
MXene/ multicomponent loss materials	Ti₃C₂/Fe₃O₄/PANI	Coprecipitation + In-situ polymerization	−40.3	5.2 (12.8-18)	1.9	[104]
	RGO/Nb₂CT_x/Fe₃O₄	Hydrothermal method + Electrostatic self-assembly	−59.17	6.8 (9.76-16.56)	2.5	[105]
	PVB/Ti₃C₂/Ba₃Co₂Fe₂₄O₄₁	Tape casting	−46.3	1.6 (4.9-6.5)	2.8	[106]
	Ni/TiO₂/C	Microwave heating	−39.91	3.04 (14.24-17.28)	1.5	[107]
	Fe&TiO₂@C	Microwave heating + Heat treatment	−51.8	6.5 (11.5-18)	1.6	[108]
Notes: RL_min—Minimum reflection loss; GO—Graphene oxide; CNTs—Carbon nanotubes; PVB—Polyvinyl butyral.

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