Research progress on the preparation of boron nitride nanosheets and its reinforcement on the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin composites
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摘要: 随着对新型高导热、高绝缘热界面材料需求的显著增加，具有多种优异性能的环氧树脂(EP)已被广泛用作导热复合材料的基体，然而其固有的低热导率限制了其实际应用。通过向EP中引入具有高导热系数及高绝缘性的氮化硼纳米片(BNNS)可有效弥补EP的缺陷，从而显著提高复合材料的综合性能。基于国内外研究，介绍了BNNS的不同制备方法，并对这些方法的优缺点进行总结；对提高BNNS/EP复合材料导热性能的策略进行了综述，包括BNNS的表面改性、BNNS与不同维度填料之间的复合以及3D-BNNS导热网络的构筑；提出了制备高导热BNNS/EP复合材料所存在的关键问题；最后对BNNS/EP复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望。Abstract: With the significantly increasing demand for new thermal interface materials with high thermal conduc-tivity and high insulation, epoxy resin (EP) with various excellent properties has been widely used as the matrix of thermal conducting composites. However, its practical application is limited by its inherent low thermal conduc-tivity. The incorporation of two-dimensional boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with high thermal conductivity and high insulation into epoxy resin can effectively overcome the shortcomings of EP and thereby significantly improve the comprehensive performance. Based on the domestic and foreign research progresses, various preparation methods of BNNS are discussed in this article, and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Various strategies for improving the thermal conductivity of BNNS/EP composites is reviewed, including surface modification of BNNS, hybridization between BNNS and multi-dimensional fillers, and construction of 3D-BNNS thermal conductivity network. The key problems in the preparation of BNNS/EP composites with high thermal conductivity are proposed. Finally, the development trend of BNNS/EP composites is prospected.
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图 3 3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷-氮化硼纳米片(APTES-BNNS）与APTES−BNNS/环氧树脂（APTES−BNNS/EP）复合材料(a)[48]及氮化硼纳米片-甘氨酸（BNNS-Gly） (b) 的制备机制示意图[50]
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the preparation mechanism of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-boron nitride nanosheets (APTES-BNNS) and APTES-BNNS/epoxy (APTES-BNNS/EP) composite (a)[48]with boron nitride nanosheets-Glycine (BNNS-Gly)(b)[50]
IPA/DIW—Isopropanol/deionized water; Epoxy—Epoxy resin (EP)
图 8 使用冰模板自组装制造径向排列的3D-BNNS/EP复合材料的制备示意图(a)，分别来自径向和垂直方向的BNNS气凝胶((b), (c))及BNNS/EP复合材料((d), (e))的SEM图像[69]
Figure 8. Schematic diagram for the fabrication route of radially aligned 3D-BNNS/EP composite using a ice template self-assembly (a), SEM images of BNNS aerogel ((b), (c)) and BNNS/EP composite ((d), (e)) from radial and vertical directions, respectively[69]
表 1 氮化硼纳米片（BNNS）的主要性能
Table 1. Main properties of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS)
Characterisation Property Ref. Thermal stability 1000℃ in air and 1400℃ in vacuum [15] Young’s modulus ≈1.0 TPa [16] Specific surface area ≈2600 m2/g [17] Band gap 5-6 eV [18] Thermal expansion coefficient ≈2.72×10−6/K (Axial direction) [19-21] Thermal conductivity 1700-2000 W/(m·K) (Theoretical)
300-360 W/(m·K) (Experimental)[20] Dielectric constant 3-4 [19] 
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