基于均衡调控的路用基础吸能材料制备及性能优化

陈谦; 王朝辉; 胡学亮; 郭春辉; 刘方洲

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210929.002

基于均衡调控的路用基础吸能材料制备及性能优化

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210929.002

1.
长安大学　公路学院，西安 710064
2.
山东高速集团有限公司，济南 250098

基金项目: 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021GY-206)；山东高速集团养护科技项目(QLTD-2019-A-FW-0059)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(300102219314；300102219701)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王朝辉，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为功能性道路材料　E-mail: wchh0205@chd.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-07
- 修回日期: 2021-09-13
- 录用日期: 2021-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2021-09-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-30

Preparation and property optimization of road basic energy-absorbing materials based on balanced control

1.
School of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
2.
Shandong Hi-Speed Group CO. LTD., Ji'nan 250101, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步开拓吸能材料在道路领域的全新应用，调控制备了兼具优异力学性能与吸能缓力特性的新型路用吸能材料，确定了材料适宜养生时间，明确了不同类型路用吸能材料的力学性能、吸能特性与缓力功效，在此基础上，建立了基于多指标决策的路用吸能材料综合性能评价体系，采用Ⅱ型弹性体聚合物(EP-Ⅱ)作为基础吸能材料，推荐了路用吸能材料组成配比最佳方案，为吸能材料在道路工程中的进一步推广应用奠定坚实基础。结果表明：聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微粉均能有效改善Ⅱ型弹性体聚合物材料的力学性能与吸能特性，但后者效果更佳；两者能够协同增强基础吸能材料的各项性能，对于拉伸、撕裂、吸能等性能分别提升127.4%~129.11%、34.04%与101.65%；综合考虑工作性能及经济效益，推荐路用吸能材料最佳配方为：1.0wt%PVA-3wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ，其相应各项工作性能指标为：拉伸强度14.29 MPa、断裂伸长率703.36%、撕裂强度79.27 N/mm、吸收转化能量1.73 J、最小缓冲系数10.21。
- 道路材料 /
- 吸能材料 /
- 缓冲性能 /
- 力学性能 /
- 吸收能量 /
- 聚乙烯醇 /
- 超高分子量聚乙烯
Abstract: The purpose is to further develop the new application of energy-absorbing materials in the field of road. A new type of road energy-absorbing material with excellent mechanical properties, energy absorbing property and cushion property was prepared. The suitable curing time was determined. The mechanical properties, energy absorption characteristics and cushion effect of different types of road energy-absorbing materials were clarified. On this basis, the comprehensive property evaluation system of road energy-absorbing materials based on multi index decision-making was established. Type II elastomeric polymer (EP-Ⅱ) was used as the basic energy-absorbing material. The optimum scheme of composition ratio of road energy-absorbing materials was recommended. It lays a solid foundation for the further popularization and application of energy-absorbing materials in road engineering. The results show that both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) micropowder can effectively improve the mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of Type Ⅱ elastomeric polymer, but the effect of the latter is more significant; Both of them can enhance the performance of basic energy absorbing materials. The tensile properties, tearing properties and energy absorption properties are improved by 127.4%-129.11%, 34.04% and 101.65% respectively; Considering the working properties and economic benefits, the optimum scheme of the recommended road energy-absorbing material is 1.0wt% PVA-3wt% UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ. The corresponding working property indicators are: tensile strength 14.29 MPa, elongation at break 703.36%, tear strength 79.27 N/mm, absorbed conversion energy 1.73 J, and the minimum buffer factor 10.21.
- road materials /
- energy-absorbing materials /
- cushion property /
- mechanical property /
- absorbed energy /
- polyvinyl alcohol /
- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene

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图 1 不同养生时间下EP-Ⅱ的工作性能

Figure 1. Working properties of EP-Ⅱ at different curing time

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图 2 EP的力学性能

Figure 2. Mechanical properties of EP

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图 3 EP的吸能特性

Figure 3. Energy absorption characteristics of EP

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图 4 EP的应力-应变(σ-ε)曲线 (a) 及静态缓冲系数-最大应力(C-σ_m)曲线 (b)

Figure 4. Stress-strain (σ-ε) curves (a) and Static buffer coefficient - maximum stress (C-σ_m) curves (b) of EP

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图 5 PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的力学性能

Figure 5. Mechanical properties of PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

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图 6 PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的吸能特性

Figure 6. Energy absorption characteristics of PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

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图 7 PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的σ-ε曲线

Figure 7. σ-ε curves of PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

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图 8 PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的C-σ_m曲线

Figure 8. C-σ_m curves of PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

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图 9 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ、UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ、PVA-UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ与E51的各项性能指标

Figure 9. Various property indexes of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ, UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ, PVA-UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ and E51

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图 10 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ、UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ、PVA-UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ与E51的C-σ_m曲线

Figure 10. C-σ_m curve of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ, UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ, PVA-UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ and E51

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表 1 弹性体聚合物(EP)技术参数

Table 1. Technical parameters of elastomer polymer (EP)

Project	EP-Ⅰ	EP-Ⅱ	EP-Ⅲ
Solid content/%	100	100	100
Density/(g∙cm⁻³)	1.02	1.02	1.02
Gel time/s	20-25	15-20	10-15
Surface drying time/s	40-45	30-35	30-35
Low temperature bending property/℃	−35	−35	−35
Impact resistance/(kg∙m)	1.0	1.0	1.0
Water permeability (0.4 MPa, 2 h)	Impervious	Impervious	Impervious
Hardness(Shore A)	90-95	85-90	85-90
Wear resistance (750 g/500 r)/mg	13.0	5.0	5.2

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表 2 聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维技术参数

Table 2. Technical parameters of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber

Project	Technical parameter
Diameter/m	17
Length/mm	6
Aspect ratio	35.29
Density/(g∙cm⁻³)	1.3
Flash point/℃	79
Melting point/℃	230-240
Elastic modulus/GPa	35
Tensile strength/MPa	1600
Elongation at break/%	7

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表 3 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微粉技术参数

Table 3. Technical parameters of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) micropowder

Density/(g∙cm⁻³)	Granularity/m	Melting point/℃	Molecular mass	Heat distortion temperature/℃
0.920-0.964	125	130-136	(2-3)×10⁶	80

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表 4 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的性能指标样本数据

Table 4. Sample data of performance index of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

No.	Material	Tensile strength/ MPa	Elongation at break/%	Tearing strength/ (N·mm⁻¹)	Absorbed energy/J	Minimum buffer factor
1	EP-Ⅱ	6.281	307.04	59.14	0.8583	9.6718
2	1.0wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	10.292	435.24	78.28	1.4252	10.5601
3	1.5wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	9.257	358.00	79.29	1.4441	10.1920
4	2.0wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	8.056	270.54	79.26	1.5571	10.4637
5	1wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	10.472	512.10	76.28	1.4365	8.8668
6	3wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	11.422	579.67	74.67	1.7347	9.6755
7	5wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	11.296	597.96	69.73	1.7802	9.1756

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表 5 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的评价指标标准化处理

Table 5. Standardization of evaluation index of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

Evaluation index	Satisfaction value	Value not allowed	Average value
Tensile strength/MPa	11.422	6.281	9.582
Elongation at break/%	597.96	270.54	437.22
Tearing strength/(N·mm⁻¹)	79.29	59.14	73.81
Absorbed energy/J	1.7802	0.8583	1.4623
Minimum buffer factor	8.8668	10.5601	9.8008

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表 6 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的各项评价指标的单项功效系数

Table 6. Single efficacy coefficient of each evaluation index of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

Evaluation index	No. 1	No. 2	No. 3	No. 4	No. 5	No. 6	No. 7
Materials	EP-Ⅱ	1.0wt% PVA/EP-Ⅱ	1.5wt% PVA/EP-Ⅱ	2.0wt% PVA/EP-Ⅱ	1wt%UHMWPE/ EP-Ⅱ	3wt%UHMWPE/ EP-Ⅱ	5wt%UHMWPE/ EP-Ⅱ
Tensile strength	0.6000	0.9121	0.8316	0.7381	0.9261	1.000	0.9902
Elongation at break	0.6446	0.8012	0.7068	0.6000	0.8951	0.9777	1.000
Tearing strength	0.6000	0.9800	1.000	0.9994	0.9402	0.9083	0.8102
Absorbed energy	0.6000	0.8460	0.8542	0.9032	0.8509	0.9803	1.000
Minimum buffer factor	0.8098	0.6000	0.6870	0.6228	1.000	0.8090	0.9271

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表 7 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的评价指标权重

Table 7. Weight of evaluation index of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

Evaluation index	Weight
Tensile strength	0.2253
Elongation at break	0.3457
Tearing strength	0.1140
Absorbed energy	0.2395
Minimum buffer factor	0.0755

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表 8 EP-Ⅱ、PVA/EP-Ⅱ与UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ的总功效系数

Table 8. Total efficiency coefficient of each scheme of EP-Ⅱ, PVA/EP-Ⅱ and UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ

No.	Materials	Total efficiency coefficient
No.1	EP-Ⅱ	0.6313
No.2	1.0wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	0.8421
No.3	1.5wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	0.8021
No.4	2.0wt%PVA/EP-Ⅱ	0.7510
No.5	1wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	0.9046
No.6	3wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	0.9627
No.7	5wt%UHMWPE/EP-Ⅱ	0.9706

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