Effect of nano-SiO2 particles-silane synergistic modification on mechanical properties and creep properties of basalt fiber/epoxy composites
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摘要: 分别采用硅烷偶联剂和纳米SiO2粒子-硅烷偶联剂对玄武岩纤维(BF)进行表面改性,通过缠绕成型工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂(BF/EP)复合材料。采用万能材料试验机测定了BF的拉伸性能和BF/EP复合材料的弯曲性能,借助FESEM观察了纤维表面及其复合材料弯曲断裂断口的形貌,自制三点弯曲蠕变测试装置测定了BF/EP复合材料2544 h的长期蠕变性能,采用万能材料试验机在不同应力水平下测定了BF/EP复合材料6000 s的短时蠕变性能,并分析了纤维表面改性对各项力学性能的影响。结果表明,在BF上浆剂中引入纳米SiO2粒子后,纤维的拉伸性能、BF/EP复合材料的弯曲性能均得到有效改善。FESEM形貌显示BF的协同改性提高了纤维与树脂界面的粘结性能;2544 h的低应力长期蠕变实验及6000 s的不同应力水平短时蠕变实验中,均表现出蠕变柔量及其增长速率的显著降低;在20%、30%、40%及50%初始弯曲强度加载时的短时蠕变实验中,由蠕变曲线重合的应力值,可大致得到材料线性蠕变的应力阈值。使用Hooke-Kelvin-Kelvin (HKK)模型可有效描述BF/EP复合材料在低应力水平下的长期蠕变性能,由此可进行其蠕变性能指标的长期预测。
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关键词:
- 表面改性 /
- 纳米SiO2 /
- 玄武岩纤维/环氧树脂复合材料 /
- 蠕变 /
- 应力水平
Abstract: Basalt fiber (BF) was modified by silane coupling agent and nano-SiO2 particles-silane coupling agent, respectively. And the basalt fiber/epoxy (BF/EP) composites were prepared by winding process. The tensile properties of BF and the flexural properties of BF/EP composites were tested by universal material testing machine. The morphologies of BF surface and BF/EP composites flexural fracture were observed by FESEM. The long-term (2544 h) creep behaviors of BF/EP composites were tested by self-made three-point flexural creep test device. The short-term (6000 s) creep behaviors of BF/EP composites were tested by universal material testing machine at different stress levels. And the effect of fiber surface modification on the mechanical properties was analyzed. The results show that, with the introduction of nano-SiO2 particles into BF sizing agent, the tensile properties of the fiber and the flexural properties of BF/EP are effectively improved. FESEM morphologies show that the synergistic modification of BF improves the bonding performance between the fiber and the resin. The creep compliance and its growth rate decrease significantly in the long-term creep tests with low stress for 2544 h and in the short-term creep tests with various stress levels for 6000 s. The stress threshold of linear creep of materials can be obtained from the coincidence curves of short-term creep tests at 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% stress levels. The Hooke-Kelvin-Kelvin (HKK) model can effectively describe the long-term creep performance of BF/EP composites at low stress level, so as to carry out the long-term prediction of its creep performance.-
Key words:
- surface modification /
- nano-SiO2 particles /
- basalt fiber/epoxy composites /
- creep /
- stress levels
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表 1 纳米SiO2-硅烷偶联剂KH-560协同改性玄武岩纤维(BF)正交试验因素水平表
Table 1. Orthogonal test factor and level table of basalt fiber (BF) modified by nano-SiO2-silane coupling agent KH-560
Level Factor Nano-SiO2 dispersion (A) Lubricant (B) KH-560 (C) 1 0 0 0 2 1.5 0.4 0.5 3 5 1 1 表 2 BF丝束强度正交试验分析
Table 2. Orthogonal test analysis of BF bundle strength
Test Column 1A 2B 3C P/(N·(10−6 kg·m−1)−1) 1 1 1 1 0.49 2 1 2 2 0.59 3 1 3 3 0.60 4 2 1 2 0.63 5 2 2 3 0.64 6 2 3 1 0.61 7 3 1 3 0.57 8 3 2 1 0.59 9 3 3 2 0.62 k1 0.560 0.563 0.563 k2 0.627 0.607 0.613 k3 0.593 0.610 0.603 Range 0.067 0.047 0.050 Optimum schem A2 B3 C2 Notes: P−Tensile strength of BF bundle; ki−Average of level i. 表 3 BF及其浸胶纱的拉伸性能
Table 3. Tensile properties of BF and its resin-impregnated yarn
Sample P/(N·(10−6 kg·m−1)−1) σt/MPa Et/GPa KH-560-BF 0.57 2722.8 89.1 SiO2-KH-560-BF 0.66 2859.6 91.7 Notes: KH-560-BF—BF modified by KH-560; SiO2-KH-560-BF—BF modified by nano-SiO2 particles-KH-560; σt—Tensile strength of BF resin-impregnated yarn; Et—Tensile modulus of BF resin-impregnated yarn. 表 4 BF/EP复合材料弯曲性能
Table 4. Flexural properties of BF/EP composites
Sample σf/MPa Ef/GPa KH-560-BF/EP 837.5 26.6 SiO2-KH-560-BE/EP 1165.5 34.2 Notes: KH-560-BF/EP—BF/EP made of BF modified by KH-560; SiO2-KH-560-BF/EP—BF/EP made of BF modified by nano-SiO2 particles; σf-Flexural strength; Ef-Flexural modulus. 表 5 HKK模型拟合参数
Table 5. Fitting parameters of HKK model
Sample E0/GPa E1/GPa E2/GPa η1/(GPa·h) η2/(GPa·h) R2 KH-560-BF/EP 30.18 350.82 1381.22 200466.79 4417.78 0.99 SiO2-KH-560-BF/EP 43.11 881.41 2155.41 404318.58 5889.18 0.99 Notes: Ei—Elastic modulus of each spring model (i=0, 1, 2); ηi— Viscosity coefficient of each Kelvin model (i=1, 2); R2—Goodness of fit. 表 6 BF/EP复合材料蠕变柔量计算值与实验值对比 (2544 h)
Table 6. Comparison of calculated and experimental values of creep compliance of BF/EP composites (2544 h)
Sample Ct/(10−11 Pa−1) Cc/(10−11 Pa−1) Deviations/% KH-560-BF/EP 3.73 3.67 −1.70 SiO2-KH-560-BF/EP 2.51 2.48 −1.19 Notes: Ct—Experimental value of creep compliance; Cc—Calculated value of creep compliance. -
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