Fire retardant measures of CFRP cable
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摘要: 为解决碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer，CFRP)索的火灾问题，开发了一种CFRP索的阻燃防火措施。对桥梁缆索用CFRP筋开展高温拉伸试验研究，并比较阻燃防火涂层、石棉、陶瓷纤维布的阻燃防火效果。结果显示，筋材高温剩余强度随温度升高呈线性下降趋势，210℃加热3 h，筋材剩余强度最低为2245.8 MPa，比原始强度下降26.13%；筋材高温加热再冷却后强度会存在一定程度的可逆性恢复，剩余强度均能达到2800 MPa以上，但较原始强度呈略微下降趋势，且加热温度越高，剩余强度越低；通过比较阻燃防火涂层具有较好效果，经2 h灼烧索股聚乙烯(PE)护套，内表面最高温度为206℃；阻燃防火涂层越厚，防护时间越长，刷有2 mm厚度阻燃防火涂层的索股在长达6 h的火焰灼烧下，PE护套内表面最高温度为245℃，PE护套未发生破坏，仅发生软化。研究表明，采用阻燃防火涂层可有效保护CFRP索，火灾2 h内，索股仍可承载，剩余强度＞2245 MPa。Abstract: In order to solve the fire problem of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) cable, a fire retardant mea-sure of CFRP cable was developed. The high temperature tensile test of CFRP tendons used for bridge cables was carried out, and the fire retardant effect of fire retardant coating, asbestos, ceramic fiber cloth was compared. The results show that the residual strength of the tendons at high temperature decreases linearly with the increase of temperature. After heating at 210℃ for 3 h, the minimum residual strength of the tendons is 2245.8 MPa, which is 26.13% lower than the original strength. After high temperature heating and then cooling, the strength of the tendons can be reversibly restored to a certain extent, and the residual strength can reach more than 2800 MPa, but it has a slight downward trend compared with the original strength, and the higher the heating temperature, the lower the residual strength. The fire retardant coating has a good effect by comparing. After 2 h of burning, the maximum temperature of inner surface of polyethylene (PE) sheath is 206℃. The thicker the fire retardant coating is, the longer the protection time will be. The maximum temperature of the inner surface of PE sheath is 245℃ when the cable strand with 2 mm thickness fire retardant coating is burned for 6 h. The PE sheath is not damaged, but only softened. The results show that the fire retardant coating can effectively protect the CFRP cable. The CFRP tendons can still bear the load within 2 h after fire, and the residual strength is more than 2245 MPa.
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图 1 碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)筋高温拉伸试验
Figure 1. High temperature tensile test of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendon
图 2 不同温度下保温 2 h后的CFRP筋材抗拉强度
Figure 2. Tensile strength of CFRP tendons at different temperatures with heat preservation 2 h
图 3 CFRP筋材高温拉伸破断状态
Figure 3. Tensile fracture state of CFRP tendons at high temperature
图 4 210℃不同保温时间下的CFRP筋材抗拉强度
Figure 4. Tensile strength of CFRP tendons with different holding time at 210℃
图 5 经历不同温度加热2 h冷却后CFRP筋材抗拉强度
Figure 5. Tensile strength of CFRP tendons after heating at different temperatures for 2 h and cooling
图 6 持荷条件下CFRP筋阻燃防火措施对比
Figure 6. Comparison on fire retardant measures of CFRP tendons under load conditions
图 7 CFRP筋材高温下树脂热解(562℃，2 h)
Figure 7. Resin pyrolysis of tendons at high temperature (562℃, 2 h)
图 8 树脂热解后CFRP筋材极限拉伸破断
Figure 8. Ultimate tensile fracture of CFRP tendons after resin pyrolysis
图 11 无阻燃防火涂层聚乙烯(PE)燃烧
Figure 11. Combustion of polyethylene (PE) sheath without fire retardant coating
图 12 2 mm厚阻燃防火涂层温度-时间曲线
Figure 12. Temperature-time curve of 2 mm thickness fire retardant coating
图 14 CFRP索股不同位置处温度-时间曲线
Figure 14. Temperature-time curves at different positions of CFRP cable strand
图 15 不同厚度阻燃防火涂层的温度-时间曲线
Figure 15. Temperature-time curves of fire retardant coating with different thickness
图 16 2 mm厚度阻燃防火涂层的CFRP索股膨胀发泡过程
Figure 16. Intumescent process of CFRP cable strand coated with 2 mm thickness fire retardant coating
表 1 不同防护类型下CFRP筋材温度及持荷性能
Table 1. Temperature and load carrying capacity of CFRP tendons under different protection types
Protection
typeProtection thickness/mm Burning time/min CFRP tendons temperature/℃ Stress level/MPa Test result Resident strength/MPa — — 25 1000 1170 Resin pyrolysis,
tendon tensile fracture— Ceramic fiber cloth 45 120 562 1170 Resin pyrolysis,
tendon is not fracture1646 Asbestos 45 120 635 1170 Resin pyrolysis,
tendon is not fracture1249 Asbestos 60 120 170 1170 The tendon is not damaged 3121 
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