纳米碳材料/热塑性树脂层间增韧热固性树脂基复合材料研究进展

姚佳伟; 冯瑞瑄; 牛一凡; 牛康民

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210805.006

纳米碳材料/热塑性树脂层间增韧热固性树脂基复合材料研究进展

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210805.006

1.
中国民航大学　中欧航空工程师学院，天津 300300
2.
北京科技大学　材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费(3122020082)

详细信息

通讯作者:
姚佳伟，硕士，讲师，研究方向为纤维增强树脂基复合材料性能　E-mail：yaojiawei_marie@foxmail.com

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-10
- 修回日期: 2021-07-11
- 录用日期: 2021-07-25
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-01

Research progress of the interleaved thermoset composites by carbon nanomaterials/thermoplastic resin

1.
Sino-European Institute of Aviation Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(CF/EP)由于其优异的力学性能，被大量应用于工业中，但薄弱的层间性能限制了其优势性能的发挥。层间增韧是有效解决该问题的技术之一。随着材料科学与技术的发展，热塑性树脂、纳米碳材料先后被应用于层间增韧复合材料的研究中。综述了热塑性树脂、纳米碳材料及二者协同层间增韧复合材料的研究进展，分析了热塑/热固双相体系及与纳米碳材料协同增韧复合材料的作用机制，为后续纳米材料/热塑性树脂层间增韧复合材料的研究提供了方向和参考。
- 纳米碳材料 /
- 热塑性树脂 /
- 层间增韧 /
- 复合材料 /
- 增韧增强
Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CF/EP) have been widely used in industry due to the excellent mechanical properties, but poor interlaminar property limits the performance advantage. Interleaving toughening is one of the valid methods to solve this problem. With the development of material science and technology, the thermoplastic resin and carbon nanomaterials are successively used in the study of the interleaved composites. The research progress of the interleaved composites by thermoplastic resin, carbon nanomaterials and combination of both was reviewed, and the toughening mechanism of thermoplastic/thermoset dualphase system and its synergy with carbon nanomaterials was analyzed, which provided the guideline and reference for the subsequent research on the interleaved composites.
- carbon nanomaterials /
- thermoplastic resin /
- interleaving toughening /
- composites /
- toughening and strengthening

HTML全文

图 1 层间增韧：颗粒增韧、薄膜增韧、纤维增韧示意图

Figure 1. Interleaving toughening: Schematic diagram of particle toughening, film toughening and fiber toughening

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图 2 层间颗粒增韧机制：(a) 颗粒桥联、裂纹偏转；(b) 热塑性树脂颗粒和热固性树脂基体的微相结构^[27]

Figure 2. Toughening mechanism of particle interleaving: (a) Particle bridging and crack deflection; (b) Microstructure of thermoplastic resin particles and thermosetting resin matrix^[27]

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图 3 层间薄膜增韧复合材料层间双相结构的梯度分布^[30]

Figure 3. Gradient distribution of the dualphase structure of the film interleaved composites^[30]

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图 4 聚砜(PSF)纳米纤维层间增韧碳纤维环氧复合材料的沿纳米纤维的相分离^[35]

Figure 4. Phase separation along the nanofiber of polysulfone (PSF) nanofiber interleaving carbon fiber epoxy composite^[35]

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图 5 热固/热塑双相结构(海岛相、双连续相、相反转)示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of thermoset/thermoplastic dualphase structure (Sea-island, co-continuous, nodular)

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图 6 热塑性树脂(PS)含量、固化温度对热固/热塑双相结构的影响^[53]

Figure 6. Influence of the content of thermoplastic resin (PS) and curing temperature on the thermoset/thermoplastic dualphase structure^[53]

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图 7 不同碳原子分布方式的纳米碳材料^[58]

Figure 7. Carbon nanomaterials with different carbon atom distribution patterns^[58]

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图 8 气相沉积法(CVD)设备示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) equipment

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图 9 电泳沉积法示意图^[62]

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of electrophoretic depositi-on method^[62]

DC—Direct current; CNT—Carbon nanotube; EPD—Electrophoretic display

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图 10 真空抽滤法示意图^[63]

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of vacuum filtration met-hod^[63]

HNTs—Nanoalumina-silicon tubes

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图 11 喷雾法示意图^[64]

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of spray method^[64]

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图 12 碳纳米管(CNT)薄膜层间增韧碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(CF/EP)复合材料的断裂表面^[68]

Figure 12. Fracture surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) film interleaving carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CF/EP) composites^[68]

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图 13 石墨烯层间增韧复合材料的断裂表面：石墨烯横向、纵向剥离^[69]

Figure 13. Fracture surface of graphene interleaved composite: Graphene peeling off in the horizontal and vertical directions^[69]

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图 14 碳纳米纤维断裂、桥联机制导致的裂纹偏转^[77]

Figure 14. Crack deflection caused by carbon nanofiber fra-cture and bridging mechanism^[77]

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图 15 热塑性树脂/CNT混合式复合与结构式复合示意图

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of thermoplastic resin/CNT hybrid method

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图 16 真空抽滤法制备三明治结构式复合薄膜^[95]

Figure 16. Preparation of hybrid sandwich film by vacuum filtration method^[95]

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图 17 结节状相反转结构TEM图像：CNTs引入后颗粒尺寸减小^[37]

Figure 17. TEM images of the nodular structure: Particle size decreases after the introduction of CNTs^[37]

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表 1 热塑性树脂层间增韧复合材料断裂韧性的部分研究结果

Table 1. Partial research results of the fracture toughness of the interleaved composites by thermoplastic resin

Interleaving method	Composite	Toughener	Toughener content	G_IC/%	G_IIC/%	Ref
Particle	CF/EP(T700/TDE85)	PEAK	10wt%	—	32	[26]
	CF/EP(T700/TDE85)	PA6	10wt%	—	41	[26]
	CF/BMI(U3160/6421)	P-PAEK	5 phr	56	42	[38]
	CF/SPN(T700)	PI	15wt%	156	—	[39]
	CF/EP	Rubber	6wt%	250	—	[40]
	CF/EP(IM7/8552)	PA12	33.3 g/m²	400	—	[27]
Film	CF/EP(T700/6240)	PEK-C	10 μm	72	—	[29]
	GF/EP(E-GF/913)	PI	—	300	130	[31, 41]
	GF/EP(LT5078-A)	TPU	—	78	115	[42]
	CF/EP(T300/YD128)	PSF	21wt%	270	—	[30]
	CF/BMI(U3160/6421)	P-PAEK	10 g/m²	—	74	[43]
	GF/EP	PET	0.2 mm	40	—	[44]
Nanofiber	CF/EP(T700/AG-80)	PSF	5wt%	281	—	[35]
	CFRP(T800/AS4 3501-6)	Nylon-66	1wt%-1.4wt%	152	—	[45]
	CF/EP(T300/MTM49-3)	PA69	14wt%	28	190	[46]
	CF/EP(T700/ML5417-A)	PA	20 g/m²	145	—	[47]
	CF/EP	PA66	12wt%	22	20	[37]
	CF/EP(GG204P/IMP503Z)	Nylon-66	18 g/m²	137	—	[48]
Notes: CF—Carbon fiber; EP—Epoxy; BMI—Bismaleimide; SPN—Phthalonitrile; PEAK—Poly(aryl ether ketone); PEK-C—Polyetherketone-cardo; PA6—Polyamide 6; PSF—Polysulfone; PI—Polyimide; TPU—Thermoplastic polyurethane; PET—polyethylene terepthalate; P-PEAK—Phosphorus-containing poly(arylene ether ketone); G_IC—Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness; G_IIC—Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness.

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表 2 CNTs层间增韧复合材料断裂韧性的部分研究结果

Table 2. Partial research results of fracture toughness of the interleaved composites by CNTs

Method	Composite	CNTs content	G_IC/%	G_IIC/%	Ref.
2.2.1	CFRP(HFW250U-A12-500/Araldite LY1564SPCIN)	9.64 g/m²	—	94	[60]
2.2.1	CFRP(U3160/3266)	50-60 μm	−0.8	120	[67]
2.2.1	CFRP(G0926/DERAK-ANE8084)	0.8 g/m²	60	—	[68]
2.2.2	CFRP	—	17	—	[70]
2.2.2	CFRP(T700/L-930HT)	1.32 g/m²	40	140	[71]
2.2.2	CFRP(T300/F-593)	0.1	—	22	[72]
2.2.2	CFRP(T700SC/EP)	0.75 g/m²	21	42	[85]
2.2.2	CFRP(HMC/SE84LV)	0.2 g/m²	13	—	[73]
2.2.3	CFRP(TR30S/EP)	—	—	104	[77]
2.2.3	CFRP(EPJER806)	2 g/m²	171	—	[78]
2.2.4	CFRP(CF/EP)	—	67	60	[40]
2.2.5	CFRP(T700/E54)	30wt%	−17	47	[84]
Note: CFRP—Carbon fiber reinforced plastic.

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表 3 纳米碳材料/热塑性树脂复合层间增韧复合材料性能力学的部分研究结构

Table 3. Partial research structure of mechanical properties of the interleaved composites by carbon nanomaterial/thermoplastic

Composite	Interlayer	G_IC/%	G_IIC/%	Bending strength/%	CAI/%	Ref.
CFRP(T800/MY0510)	PA/MWCNTs/EP	126	—	3	—	[88]
CF/BMI(T700)	CNTs/PEK-C	—	—	—	33	[86]
CFRP(HYE/1034E)	CNTs/PPS	36	200	—	—	[94]
CFRP(VTP H310)	MWCNTs/PVB	200(I+II)		—	—	[90]
CF/EP(L160)	CNTs/PAN	77	—	—	—	[91]
CF/EP	CNTs/PSF	—	48	—	—	[92]
CF/EP(T300)	CNTs/Nylon66	24	—	—	—	[93]
GF/EP(E6/DGEBA)	CNTs/EMAA	—	20	—	—	[97]
CFRP(IM7/EPIKOTEEPIKURE)	MWCNTs/PA	—	140	—	—	[98]
CF/EP(T800/SCI-550R)	GO/PSF	131(I+II)		34	184	[20]
CFRP(T700/TDE-85)	MWCNTs/PEI	53	33	—	14	[99]
CFRP(T700/E-828)	MWNTs/PSF	—	214	121	—	[100]
CF/EP	MWCNT/P(Stco-GMA)	—	—	25	—	[101]
CF/EP(CF3031/ET5284)	GO/PA6	81	36	—	—	[102]
CF/EP	CNTs/PSF	53	34	27	—	[37]
CF/BMI(T300)	ACNTB/PBI	—	—	16	42	[87]
Notes: MWCNTs—Multi-wall carbon nanotubes; PPS—Polyphenylene sulfide; PVB—Polyvinyl butyral; PAN—Polyacrylonitril; EMAA—Ethylene methacrylic acid; PEI—Poly (ethylene imine); ACNTB—Aligned carbon nanotubes bundle; P(Stco-GMA)—Polystyrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate; PBI—Polybenzimidazole; CAI—Compression after impact.

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