Research and developing in preparation, assembly and applications of Ti3C2TxMXene materials
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摘要: Ti3C2TxMXene是具有高导电性、较好的力学性能及高比电容等特性的新型二维结构过渡金属碳化物，在储能、传感、催化、膜分离、微波吸收及电磁屏蔽等领域具有巨大的应用前景。但单层二维材料在纳米尺度上的性能不易真正被人们所用，因此必须将其组装成宏观材料，如一维纤维、二维薄膜及三维气凝胶。对于Ti3C2Tx的宏观组装及其应用研究也取得了一定的成果与进展。本文综合评述了目前Ti3C2Tx的制备方法、宏观Ti3C2Tx基材料的组装方法及其相关应用进展，介绍了国内外Ti3C2Tx的研究现状和实际应用中的研究成果，总结了Ti3C2Tx在制备、组装及应用过程中的不足，并展望了未来的发展趋势。Abstract: Ti3C2T
xMXene is a novel two-dimensional transition metal carbide with excellent properties, such as high electrical conductivity, remarkable mechanical properties and higher specific capacitance. Hence, Ti3C2Tx has great application prospects in the fields of energy storage, sensor, catalysis, membrane separation, microwave absorption, electromagnetic shielding and so on. However, the performance of monolayer two-dimensional materials on the nanoscale can’t be easy to be realized, unless it must be assembled into macroscopic materials, such as one-dimensional fiber, two-dimensional film and three-dimensional aerogel. Certain achievements and progress have also been made in the macroscopic assembly and application of Ti3C2Tx. The current preparation methods of Ti3C2Tx and the assembly methods of macroscopic Ti3C2Tx based materials and their related applications were summarized in this review. In addition, the research status of Ti3C2Tx at home and abroad and the research results in practical application were also introduced. Finally, the shortcomings in preparation, assembly and application process of Ti3C2Tx were commentated and the future development trend was forecasted. -
Key words:
- Ti3C2TxMXene /
- preparation /
- assembly /
- applications /
- developing /
- two-dimensional material
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图 1 LiF+HCl原位刻蚀制备Ti3C2TxMXene：(a) 制备原理图[15]；(b) MAX相的SEM图像；(c) 多层Ti3C2Tx的
SEM图像；(d) 少层Ti3C2Tx的 SEM图像[16] Figure 1. Ti3C2TxMXene prepared by in-situ etching of LiF+HCl: (a) Schematic diagram[15]; (b) SEM image of Max phase; (c) SEM image of multi-layer Ti3C2Tx; (d) SEM image of low-layer Ti3C2Tx crystal[16]
图 3 湿法纺丝制备MXene纤维：(a) 湿纺原理示意图；(b) 5 m长Ti3C2纤维；((c)~(e)) 醋酸凝固浴Ti3C2Tx纤维截面及其凝固机制示意图；((f)~(h)) 壳聚糖浴Ti3C2Tx纤维的截面及其缓凝机制示意图[25]；(i) Ti3C2Tx湿纺沿轴向排列的纯Ti3C2Tx光纤用于电能和信号传输应用[26]
Figure 3. Preparation of MXene fibers by wet spinning: (a) Schematic diagram of wet spinning principle; (b) 5 m long Ti3C2 fibers; ((c)-(e)) Cross section of the Ti3C2Tx fibers coagulated in an acetic acid bath and the schematic diagram of the rapid solidification; ((f)-(h)) Cross section of Ti3C2Tx fiber prepared in chitosan bath and schematic diagram of retarding mechanism[25]; (i) Ti3C2Tx fibers prepared by wet spinning with Ti3AlC2 and used for electrical energy and signal transmission applications[26]
图 4 MXene/RGO杂化纤维作为NH3传感器的作用机制(a)[29]、与单独的MXene和石墨烯相比，杂化纤维的NH3传感响应图像((b)~(c))
Figure 4. Mechanism of action of MXene/RGO hybrid fiber as NH3 sensor (a)[29], NH3 sensing response images of hybrid fibers compared to MXene and graphene alone ((b)-(c))
RT—Room temperature; ΔR—Stable resistance in N2; R0—Stable resistance in NH3
图 6 单向铸造法制备Ti3C2Tx气凝胶示意图(a)、Ti3C2Tx气凝胶的表面和横截面((b)~(c))、Ti3C2Tx气凝胶(d)、Ti3C2Tx纳米片的TEM图像(e)[45]、Ti3C2Tx@RGO的SEM图像((f)~(g)) 、通过冰模板法合成Ti3C2Tx@RGO的示意图(h)[46]
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of Ti3C2Tx aerogel prepared by one-way casting method (a), SEM images of the top view and cross section of Ti3C2Tx aerogel ((b)-(c)), TEM images of Ti3C2Tx aerogel (d), TEM images of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (e)[45], SEM images of Ti3C2Tx@RGO ((f)-(g)), schematic diagram of Ti3C2Tx@RGO synthesized by ice template method (h)[46]
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