考虑氧化损伤的陶瓷基复合材料弹性模量多尺度预测模型

李锦涛; 王波; 杨扬; 张程煜

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210629.002

考虑氧化损伤的陶瓷基复合材料弹性模量多尺度预测模型

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210629.002

李锦涛^1,,
王波^{1, 2, ,},
杨扬^1,,
张程煜³

1.
西北工业大学　航空学院，西安 710072
2.
陕西省冲击动力学及工程应用重点实验室，西安 710072
3.
西北工业大学　材料学院，西安 710072

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFB1103504)；国家自然科学基金 (51572224)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王波，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为复合材料力学　E-mail：b.wang@nwpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-23
- 录用日期: 2021-06-21
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-29
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-01

A multi-scale prediction model of elastic modulus for ceramic matrix composites considering oxidation damage

LI Jintao^1
,,
WANG Bo^{1, 2
, ,},
YANG Yang^1
,,
ZHANG Chengyu³

1.
School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Engineering Applications, Xi’an 710072, China
3.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China

摘要

摘要: 分析了化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制备的陶瓷基复合材料的氧化损伤演化规律，基于基体的微裂纹分布规律及界面、纤维、基体等组分氧化历程，建立了考虑温度、氧化时间影响的纤维和单胞两个尺度的弹性模量预测模型。预测结果表明，碳纤维(C_f)/SiC和SiC纤维(SiC_f)/SiC复合材料的拉伸弹性模量随氧化温度升高和氧化时间的增长，下降趋势越明显。通过复合材料高温氧化后的力学性能试验，验证了弹性性能预测模型的正确性：BN界面的SiC_f/SiC材料在1000℃不同时间氧化后预测结果与试验结果误差不超过2%；PyC界面的C_f/SiC在700℃不同时间氧化后预测结果与试验结果误差不超过7%。
- 陶瓷基复合材料 /
- 化学气相渗透(CVI) /
- 氧化 /
- 多尺度 /
- 弹性模量
Abstract: The oxidation damage evolution law of ceramic matrix composites prepared by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process was analyzed. Considering the effects of temperature and oxidation time, prediction models of elastic modulus about fiber and cell were established based on the distribution of microcracks in matrix and the oxidation process of interface, fiber and matrix. The prediction results show that the tensile elastic moduli of carbon fiber (C_f)/SiC and SiC fiber (SiC_f)/SiC composites decrease more obviously with the increase of temperature and oxidation time. The elastic prediction model was verified by the tensile tests of the composites after high temperature oxidation. The error between the prediction results and the test results of SiC_f/SiC composites with BN interphase after oxidation at 1000 ℃ for different time is no more than 2%, and the error between the prediction results and the test results of C_f/SiC composites with PyC interphase after oxidation at 700℃ for different time is no more than 7%.
- ceramic matrix composites /
- chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) /
- oxidation /
- multi-scale /
- elastic modulus

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图 1 空气氧化下PyC和BN界面氧化损伤随氧化时长和氧化温度变化的预测

Figure 1. Oxidation damage prediction of PyC and BN interphase varied with oxidation temperature and time in air

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图 2 陶瓷基复合材料纤维尺度细观模型

Figure 2. Three-cylinder model of ceramic matrix composites at fiber scale

L—Mean crack spacing; d—Axial oxidation length of the interface; h—Thickness of the interface; m—Shear field length

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图 3 SiC_f/SiC材料显微照片和陶瓷基复合材料单胞模型

Figure 3. Micrograpies of SiC_f/SiC composites and unit cell of ceramic matrix composites

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图 4 陶瓷基复合材料单胞沿纬向和经向纤维截面

Figure 4. Cross section of ceramic matrix composites unit cell: wrap direction and fill direction

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图 5 空气氧化下平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性模量随氧化时长和氧化温度变化的预测

Figure 5. Prediction of elastic modulus of plain woven ceramic matrix composites varied with oxidation temperature and time in air

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图 6 SiC_f/SiC材料断口SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of SiC_f/SiC composites fracture sections

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表 1 空气中SiC的氧化速率常数^[9]

Table 1. Rate constants for oxidation of SiC in air

Parameter	Value
A/m	$A = 1.91 \times {10^{ - 10}}\exp \left( {\dfrac{{75.7{\rm{kJ}}/{\rm{mol}}}}{{RT}}} \right)$
B/(m²·s⁻¹)	$B = 3.01 \times {10^{ - 15}}\exp \left( {\dfrac{{ - 94.3{\rm{kJ}}/{\rm{mol}}}}{{RT}}} \right)$
Notes：B—Parabolic rate constant, which indicates the oxidation rate controlled by the rate of oxygen diffusion; B/A—Linear rate constant, which is the growth rate of oxide layer controlled by the rate of reaction.

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表 2 陶瓷基复合材料纤维束中组分材料的弹性常数^{[20, 24-25]}

Table 2. Elastic constants of components in the strand of ceramic matrix composites^{[20, 24-25]}

Component	Modulus/GPa			Possion’s ratio	Volume fraction/vol%	Coefficient of thermal expansion/(10⁻⁶·K⁻¹)
Component	E_fL	E_fT	G_fLT	ν_fLT	Volume fraction/vol%	α_L	α_T
C fiber	140	13.8	9.0	0.2	78	−0.3	3.1
SiC fiber	270	270	108	0.25	78	3.5	3.5
SiC matrix	350	350	146	0.2	20	4.6	4.6
Notes: E_fL and E_fT—axial and radial tensile moduli of fiber; G_fLT—Transverse shear moduli of fiber; α_L and α_T—Coefficients of axial and radial thermal expansion; ν_fLT—Absolute values of the ratio of radial strain to axial strain.

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表 3 陶瓷基复合材料单胞的几何参数

Table 3. Geometric parameters of the unit cell of ceramic matrix composites

Composite	g_f/mm	g_w/mm	a_f/mm	a_w/mm	h_f/mm	h_m/mm	h_w/mm	a_n/mm
C_f/SiC	0.18	0.18	0.96	0.96	0.08	0.01	0.08	0.16
SiC_f/SiC	0.18	0.18	1.07	1.07	0.20	0.08	0.20	0.40

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表 4 BN界面的SiC_f/SiC材料氧化前后质量变化

Table 4. Mass changes of SiC_f/SiC with BN interphase before oxidation and after oxidation

Oxidation time/h	Mass before oxidation/g	Mass after oxidation/g	Loss-mass rate/%
1	10.2482	10.2363	0.12
2.5	10.2624	10.2468	0.15
4	10.5446	10.5337	0.10

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表 5 700℃空气氧化PyC界面的C_f/SiC弹性模量预测结果

Table 5. Prediction of elastic modulus of C_f/SiC with PyC interphase at 700℃ in air

Specimen	1	2, 3	4
Oxidation time/h	0	4	6
Experimental modulus/GPa	103.47	92.3	74.24
Theoretical modulus/GPa	100.43	86.52	78.03
Error/%	−2.94	−6.26	5.1

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表 6 1000℃空气氧化BN界面的SiC_f/SiC弹性模量预测结果

Table 6. Prediction of elastic modulus of SiC_f/SiC with BN interphase at 1000℃ in air

Oxidation time/h	Experimental modulus/GPa	Average modulus/GPa	Theoretical modulus/GPa	Error/%
0	229.26,233.09,234.43	232.26	229.96	−0.99
1	216.17,219.22,221.14	218.84	222.75	1.79
2.5	213.26,216.81,221.05	217.04	215.78	−0.58
4	207.27,208.30,213.88	209.82	211.02	0.57

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