碳化硼-有机硅二维层状复合材料的制备与动态力学性能

马春彦; 王军; 白军伟; 邓建国

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210609.003

碳化硼-有机硅二维层状复合材料的制备与动态力学性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210609.003

马春彦^{1, 2},
王军¹,
白军伟³,
邓建国^1, ,

1.
中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所四川 621000
2.
四川省新材料研究中心四川 621000
3.
四川大学高分子科学与工程学院四川 610065

详细信息

通讯作者:
邓建国，博士，研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为微/纳米复合材料　E-mail: d13258430956@126.com

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-16
- 修回日期: 2021-06-02
- 录用日期: 2021-06-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-01

Preparation and dynamic mechanical properties of boron carbide andorganosilicon two-dimensional laminated composites

MA Chunyan^{1, 2},
WANG Jun¹,
BAI Junwei³,
DENG Jianguo^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Sichuan 621000, China
2.
Sichuan Research Center of New Materials, Sichuan 621000, China
3.
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610065, China

摘要

摘要: 科技发展对材料性能提出越来越高的要求，通过对材料内部结构进行有序排列使其在特定方向上实现性能最佳发挥是目前解决高性能应用需求的一个有效的方法。传统单向冷冻技术无法实现二维有序结构的制备。通过双向冷冻方法制备了厘米级的单取向碳化硼(B₄C)层状结构支架，在其层间填充聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)制备出具有各向异性的碳化硼-有机硅二维层状复合材料。复合材料的A生长面为PDMS和B₄C骨架的交替排列结构，B生长面为海浪状的堆叠结构，且层状支架在复合材料中保持着明显的二维有序层状结构。复合材料面内最大动态模量各向异性比可达12.9，动态模量表现出明显的佩恩效应。这种方法为二维层状有序复合材料的制备提供新思路。
- B₄C /
- 双向冷冻 /
- 冰模板 /
- 二维层状结构 /
- 3D /
- 各向异性 /
- 有机硅 /
- 聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS)
Abstract: The development of science and technology has put forward higher and higher requirements for material properties. It is an effective way to achieve the best performance in a specific direction by ordering the internal structure of materials. However, the traditional one-way freezing technology cannot achieve the preparation of two-dimensional ordered structure. B₄C layered scaffolds with single orientation were prepared by bidirectional freezing method. The layered scaffolds were filled with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare the two-dimensional layered boron carbide and organosilicate composites with anisotropy. There is an alternate arrangement structure of PDMS and B₄C skeleton at the growth plane of A in the composite material. It is a stacked structure like ocean waves at the growth plane of B. The layered scaffold maintains an obvious two-dimensional ordered layered structure in the composite material. The maximum in-plane anisotropy ratio of dynamic modulus of the composite can reach 12.9, and the dynamic modulus shows obvious Payne effect. It provides some new methods and ideas for the preparation of anisotropic composite material systems.
- B₄C /
- bidirectional freeze-cast /
- ice-template /
- two-dimensional ordered structure /
- 3D /
- anisotropy /
- organosilicate /
- PDMS

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图 1 B₄C原料和支架的SEM图像

Figure 1. SEM images of B₄C powers and lamellar scaffold

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图 2 B₄C浆料理论固含量和实际固含量比较

Figure 2. Theorical and actual void ratio in B₄C slurry

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图 3 B₄C层状结构示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of B₄C scaffold

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图 4 8wt%B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶材料A面的不同放大倍数的SEM图像

Figure 4. SEM images of 8wt%B₄C scaffold composite silicone rubber material with different magnifications at side A

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图 5 8wt%B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶材料B面的不同放大倍数的SEM图像

Figure 5. SEM images of 8wt%B₄C scaffold composite silicone rubber material with different magnification at side B

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图 6 8wt%B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶材料C面的不同放大倍数的SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of 8wt%B₄C scaffold composite silicone rubber material with different magnifications at side C

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图 7 不同B₄C浓度的复合硅橡胶材料放大200倍的SEM图像

Figure 7. SEM images of composite silicone rubber material with different content of B₄C in the slurry with 200 magnification

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图 8 不同B₄C含量层状支架复合硅橡胶材料中a1、a2、b1和b2面储能模量与应变的变化的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between the storage modulus of the composite silicone rubber material with different content of B₄C and the strain at side a1, a2, b1 and b2

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图 9 不同B₄C含量层状支架复合硅橡胶材料中a1、a2、b1和b2面损耗模量与应变的变化的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between the loss modulus of the composite silicone rubber material of B₄C and the strain at side a1, a2, b1 and b2

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图 10 (a) B₄C层状支架的SEM图像；(b) B₄C层状支架的拉伸示意图

Figure 10. (a) SEM image of B₄C scaffold; (b) Schematic diagram of B₄C scaffold

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图 11 测试样条示意图：(a) 样条选取部位和尺寸；(b) 样条厚度放大结构排布图像；(c) 样条宽度放大结构排布图像

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of test specimen: (a) Spline selection position of test specimen and size; (b) Partial enlarged detail in thickness direction; (c) Partial enlarged detail in thickness direction

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图 12 B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶B面结构示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of B₄C layered scaffold composite silicone rubber material at side B

PVA—Polyvinyl alcohol

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表 1 不同质量分数 B₄C 浆料的组成

Table 1. B₄C slurry components with different mass fraction

Mass fraction of B₄C/wt%	1	2	4	6	8
B₄C/g	2	4	8	12	16
PVA/g	198	196	192	188	184

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表 2 低应变时B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶材料A面不同方向上储能和耗能模量的比较

Table 2. Comparison of the B₄C layered composite silicone rubber material of storage modulus andloss modulus in different direction under low stain at side A

Direction	a1	a2		a1	a2
Mass fraction of B₄C/wt%	Storage modulus/MPa	Storage modulus/MPa	a1/a2	Loss modulus/MPa	Loss modulus/MPa	a1/a2
0	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.0
2	57.9	4.5	12.9	3.7	0.5	7.4
4	38.0	6.6	5.76	2.7	0.7	4.0
6	10.7	9.4	1.14	0.6	0.8	0.75
8	144.5	12.6	11.47	6.3	1.1	6.0
Note: PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane.

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表 3 低应变时B₄C层状支架复合硅橡胶材料B面不同方向上储能和耗能模量的比较

Table 3. Comparison of B₄C layered composite silicone rubber material of storage modulus and loss modulus in different direction under low stain at side B

Direction	b1	b2		b1	b2
Mass fraction of B₄C/wt%	Storage modulus/MPa	Storage modulus/MPa	b1/b2	Loss modulus/MPa	Loss modulus/MPa	b1/b2
0	2.0	2.0	1.0	2.0	2.0	1.00
2	42.3	11.8	3.6	3.5	1.1	3.15
4	42.6	7.7	5.5	3.0	0.8	3.85
6	52.5	7.4	7.0	3.2	0.7	4.85
8	48.4	11.0	4.4	4.5	1.0	4.64

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