芳纶纤维增韧碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料-铝蜂窝夹芯结构界面性能和增韧机制

刘浩洋; 吕超雨; 石姗姗; 孙直

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210526.002

芳纶纤维增韧碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料-铝蜂窝夹芯结构界面性能和增韧机制

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210526.002

刘浩洋^1,,
吕超雨^2,,
石姗姗²,
孙直^1, ,

1.
大连理工大学　运载工程与力学学部，大连 116024
2.
大连交通大学　机车车辆工程学院，大连 116028

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(11872138)；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(11702048)；辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(JDL2020021)；大连市青年科技之星项目支持计划(2019RQ045；2019RQ069)

详细信息

通讯作者:
孙直，博士，副教授，博士生导师/硕士生导师，研究方向为复合材料结构力学、仿生优化设计等　 E-mail: zhisun@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
计量
- 文章访问数: 1637
- HTML全文浏览量: 654
- PDF下载量: 141
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-09
- 修回日期: 2021-05-05
- 录用日期: 2021-05-19
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-01

Interfacial toughening and toughening mechanism of aramid staple fiber to carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure

LIU Haoyang^1
,,
LV Chaoyu^2
,,
SHI Shanshan²,
SUN Zhi^{1
, ,}

1.
Department of Transportation Engineering and Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
2.
School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China

摘要

摘要: 研究了低密度芳纶短纤维(AF)对碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(CF/EP)-铝蜂窝夹芯结构的界面增韧效果和增韧机制。制备了复合材料夹芯梁，将6 mm长度的AF制成絮状纤维薄层用于夹芯梁界面层的增韧，并采用非对称双悬臂梁实验对增韧和未增韧夹芯梁进行了界面断裂韧性的测量。相比于未增韧夹芯梁试件，增韧试件的平均临界能量释放率提高了91%，平均临界载荷提高了55%，而引入AF增韧层仅使夹芯梁质量提升了0.36%，显示本文方法具有良好的增韧效果与效率。使用SEM观察了夹芯梁界面的断面形貌与特征，微观观测结果显示，在界面裂纹扩展的过程中，AF一方面在面板与芯体之间形成桥联微结构，通过纤维拔出、纤维剥离、纤维断裂等行为，提高界面裂纹扩展的耗散能与临界载荷。另一方面，在蜂窝壁板周围的树脂“圆角”富余区，AF还能提高树脂与蜂窝壁板的粘结性能，避免蜂窝壁板因与面板接触面积过小而发生拔出。本文定量地测量了AF对CF/EP-铝蜂窝界面的宏观增韧效果，并阐释了其微观增韧机制，相关发现可为提高复合材料夹芯结构的安全性和可靠性提供指导。
- 碳纤维 /
- 铝蜂窝 /
- 夹芯结构 /
- 短纤维增韧 /
- 圆角增强
Abstract: The interface toughening effect and toughening mechanism of low-density aramid staple fiber (AF) on the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite (CF/EP)-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure were studied. A composite sandwich beam was prepared, and AF of 6 mm length was made into a thin layer of flocculent fibers for the toughening of the sandwich beam interface layer. The asymmetric double cantilever beam experiment was used to measure the interface fracture toughness of toughened and un-toughened sandwich beams. Compared with the un-toughened sandwich beam specimens, the average critical energy release rate of the toughened specimens is increased by 91%, and the average critical load is increased by 55%. The addition of the AF toughening layer only increases the quality of the sandwich beam by 0.36%, which shows that the method in this paper has a good toughening effect and efficiency. SEM was used to observe the cross-sectional morphology and characteristics of the sandwich beam interface. The microscopic observation results show that during the expansion of the interface crack, the AF forms a bridging microstructure between the panel and the core, and improves the dissipation energy and critical load of interface crack propagation through fiber pull-out, fiber peeling, fiber breakage, etc. On the other hand, in the surplus area of the resin “round corners” around the honeycomb panel, the AF can also improve the bonding performance of the resin and the honeycomb panel, and prevent the honeycomb panel from being pulled out due to the small contact area with the panel. This paper quantitatively measured the macro-toughening effect of AF on the CF/EP-aluminum honeycomb interface, and explained its micro-toughening mechanism. The related findings can provide guidance for improving the safety and reliability of composite sandwich structures.
- carbon fiber /
- aluminum honeycomb /
- sandwich structures /
- short fiber toughening /
- toughened fillet

HTML全文

图 1 凯夫拉短纤维处理前后对比图

Figure 1. Comparison of Kevlar staple fibers before and after treatment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 碳纤维-芳纶纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(CF-AF/EP) -铝蜂窝夹芯结构示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of carbon fiber-aramid staple fiber/epoxy resin composite (CF-AF/EP)-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 非对称双悬臂梁(ADCB)实验夹具及样品示意图

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) experiment fixture and sample

L—Length of sandwich beam specimen; R—Radius; b—Width of sandwich beam specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 ADCB实验的实际加载过程

Figure 4. Actual loading process of ADCB experiment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 CF-AF/EP-铝蜂窝夹芯试件ADCB测试的典型荷载-位移曲线

Figure 5. Typical load-displacement curve for ADCB test of CF-AF/EP-aluminum honeycomb sandwich specimen

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 AF增韧与未增韧CF/EP-铝蜂窝夹芯结构试件临界能量释放率对比

Figure 6. Comparison of critical energy release rate of AF toughened and un-toughened CF/EP-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure specimens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 AF增韧与未增韧CF/EP-铝蜂窝夹芯结构试件临界载荷对比

Figure 7. Comparison of critical load of AF toughened and un-toughened CF/EP-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure specimens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 AF增韧与未增韧CF/EP-铝蜂窝夹芯结构试件裂纹扩展过程中的能量释放率对比

Figure 8. Comparison of energy release rate during the crack propagation process of AF toughened and un-toughened CF/EP-aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure specimens

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 CF-AF/EP-铝蜂窝夹芯试件芯体断裂面的特征：(a) 铝蜂窝芯体断裂面的整体形貌特征；(b) AF断裂与末端开裂

Figure 9. Characteristics of the fracture surface of CF-AF/EP-aluminum honeycomb sandwich specimen: (a) Overall morphology of the fracture surface of the aluminum honeycomb core; (b) AF fracture and end cracking

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 CF/EP面板侧蜂窝壁板粘结强度对比：(a) 未增韧试件的蜂窝壁板均被拔出；(b) 芳纶增韧试件存在蜂窝壁板未被拔出

Figure 10. Comparison of CF/EP panel side honeycomb panel bonding strength: (a) Honeycomb panels of the un-toughened specimens are all pulled-out; (b) Aramid toughened specimens have honeycomb panels that are not pulled-out

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 AF增韧机制示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the toughening mechanism of AF

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(35)

[1]	HA Ngocsan, LU Guoxing. A review of recent research on bio-inspired structures and materials for energy absorption applications[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2020,181(15):1-38.
[2]	XU S Q, BEYNON J H, RUAN D, et al. Experimental study of the out-of-plane dynamic compression of hexagonal honeycombs[J]. Composite Structures,2012,94(8):2326-2336. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.02.024
[3]	ZHANG Qiancheng, YANG Xiaohu, LI Peng, et al. Bioinspired engineering of honeycomb structure-Using nature to inspire human innovation[J]. Progress in Materials Science,2015,74:322-400.
[4]	WANG Jianfeng, GAO Haibo, DING Liang, et al. Enhancement of tensile strength of embedded parts in carbon fiber-reinforced plastic/aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures for vehicle[J]. Composite Structures,2016,152(15):800-806.
[5]	ZHANG Yanqin, ZONG Zhijian, LIU Qiang, et al. Static and dynamic crushing responses of CFRP sandwich panels filled with different reinforced materials[J]. Materials& Design,2017,117(5):396-408.
[6]	WU Yinghan, LIU Qiang, FU Jie, et al. Dynamic crash responses of bio-inspired aluminum honeycomb sandwich structures with CFRP panels[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2017,121(15):122-133.
[7]	SUN Guangyong, HUO Xintao, CHEN Dongdong, et al. Experimental and numerical study on honeycomb sandwich panels under bending and in-panel compression[J]. Materials & Design,2017,133(5):154-168.
[8]	ZHU Shengqing, CHAI Ginboay. Damage and failure mode maps of composite sandwich panel subjected to quasi-static indentation and low velocity impact[J]. Composite Structures,2013,101:204-214. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.02.010
[9]	樊建中, 姚忠凯, 杜善义, 等. SiC颗粒增强金属基复合材料弹性模量与界面结合状况关系研究[J]. 复合材料学报, 1998, 15(2):1-5. FAN Jianzhong, YAO Zhongkai, DU Shanyi, et al. Research on relationship between elastic modules and interfacial bonding in SiC article reinforced metal matrix compo-sites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,1998,15(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[10]	QI Guocheng, DU Shanyi, ZHANG Boming, et al. Evaluation of carbon fiber/epoxy interfacial strength in transverse fiber bundle composite: Experiment and multiscale failure modeling[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2014,105(10):1-8.
[11]	TOMASHEVSKII V T, SITNIKOV S Y, SHALYGIN V N, et al. A method of calculating technological regimes of transversal reinforcement of composites with short-fiber microparticles[J]. Mechanics of Composite Materials,1989,25:400-406. doi: 10.1007/BF00614810
[12]	LASCOUP B, ABOURA Z, KHELLIL K, et al. Core-skin interfacial toughness of stitched sandwich structure[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2014,67:363-370. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.07.006
[13]	YANG Feiyu, ZHANG Xinghong, HAN Jiecai, et al. Characterization of hot-pressed short carbon fiber reinforced ZrB₂-SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic composites[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,472(1-2):395-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.092
[14]	YANG Feiyu, ZHANG Xinghong, HAN Jiecai, et al. Mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced ZrB₂-SiC ceramic matrix composites[J]. Materials Letters,2008,62(17-18):2925-2927. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.01.076
[15]	WANG Chao, LI Yibin, TONG Liyong, et al. The role of grafting force and surface wettability in interfacial enhancement of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber hierarchical composites[J]. Carbon,2014,69:239-246. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.020
[16]	LI Yan, CHEN Chaozhong, XU Jie, et al. Improved mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes-coated flax fiber reinforced composites[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2015,50:1117-1128. doi: 10.1007/s10853-014-8668-3
[17]	LI Yan, CAI Shenming, HUANG Xiaolei. Multi-scaled enhancement of damping property for carbon fiber reinforced composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2017,143(3):89-97.
[18]	LI Yan, LI Qian, MA Hao. The voids formation mechanisms and their effects on the mechanical properties of flax fiber reinforced epoxy composites[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,72:40-48.
[19]	ZHANG Yongli, LI Yan, MA Hao, et al. Tensile and interfacial properties of unidirectional flax/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2013,88(14):172-177.
[20]	YASAEE M, BOND I P, TRASK R S, et al. Mode I interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for damage suppression and control[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(1):198-207. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.10.009
[21]	YASAEE M, BOND I P, TRASK R S, et al. Mode II interfacial toughening through discontinuous interleaves for damage suppression and control[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(1):121-128. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.09.026
[22]	WALKER L, HU X Z. Comparison of carbon fiber/epoxy composites reinforced by short aramid and carbon fibers[J]. Scripta Materialia,1999,41(6):575-582. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00193-1
[23]	YUAN B Y, WEE E P, CHEONG J L K, et al. Quasi-Z-directional toughening from un-bonded non-woven veil at interface in laminar composites[J]. Composites Communications,2017,6:20-24. doi: 10.1016/j.coco.2017.07.007
[24]	WONG D W Y, ZHANG H, BILOTTI E, et al. Interlaminar toughening of woven fabric carbon/epoxy composite laminates using hybrid aramid/phenoxy interleaves[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2017,101:151-159. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.06.001
[25]	YUAN Bingyan, YE Mingxin, HU Yunsen, et al. Flexure and flexure-after-impact properties of carbon fibre composites interleaved with ultra-thin non-woven aramid fibre veils[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2020,131:1-10.
[26]	HU Yuan, LIU Weiwei, SHI Yaoyao. Low-velocity impact damage research on CFRPs with Kevlar-fiber toughening[J]. Composite Structure,2019,216:127-141. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.02.051
[27]	WANG Binhua, BAI Yuxuan, HU Xiaozhi, et al. Enhanced epoxy adhesion between steel plates by surface treatment and CNT/short-fibre reinforcement[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2016,127:149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.03.008
[28]	SUN Zhi, HU Xiaozhi, SUN Shiyong, et al. Energy-absorption enhancement in carbon-fiber aluminum-foam sandwich structures from short aramid-fiber interfacial reinforcement[J]. Composites Science and Technology,2013,77(22):14-21.
[29]	SUN Zhi, HU Xiaozhi, CHEN Haoran. Effects of aramid-fibre toughening on interfacial fracture toughness of epoxy adhesive joint between carbon-fibre face sheet and aluminium substrate[J]. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives,2014,48(1):288-294.
[30]	SHI Shanshan, SUN Zhi, HU Xiaozhi, et al. Carbon-fiber and aluminum-honeycomb sandwich composites with and without Kevlar-fiber interfacial toughening[J]. Compo-sites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2014,67:102-110. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.08.017
[31]	SUN Z, JEYARAMAN J, SUN S Y, et al. Carbon-fiber aluminum-foam sandwich with short aramid-fiber interfacial toughening[J]. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(11):2059-2064. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.06.002
[32]	SUN Zhi, SHI Shanshan, HU Xiaozhi, et al. Short-aramid-fiber toughening of epoxy adhesive joint between carbon fiber composites and metal substrates with different surface morphology[J]. Composites Part B: Engineering,2015,77:38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.010
[33]	SUN Z, JEYARAMAN J, SHI S S, et al. Processing and property of carbon-fiber aluminum-foam sandwich with aramid-fiber composite adhesive joints[J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology,2014,28(18):1835-1845. doi: 10.1080/01694243.2014.925385
[34]	石姗姗, 陈秉智, 陈浩然, 等. Kevlar短纤维增韧碳纤维/铝蜂窝夹芯板三点弯曲与面内压缩性能[J]. 复合材料学报, 2017, 34(9):1953-1959. SHI Shanshan, CHEN Bingzhi, CHEN Haoran, et al. Three-point bending and in-plane compression properties of carbon-fiber/aluminum-honeycomb sandwich panels with short-Kevlar-fiber toughening[J]. Acta Materiae Compo-sitae Sinica,2017,34(9):1953-1959(in Chinese).
[35]	ASTM. Standard test method for mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites: ASTM D5528—01[S]. West Conhohocken: ASTM, 2007.