Research progress in construction and applications of surface patterned fibers
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摘要: 自然界中生物体表面形形色色的图案赋予其减阻、强黏附、超疏水等多样的功能特性。受自然界的启发，研究者在平面基底表面构筑图案方面已经取得了很大研究进展。然而，纤维材料表面的图案化构筑及对纤维材料功能的影响等研究尚不深入。本文总结了目前纤维材料表面图案化的构筑方法，简述了三种“自下而上”策略的图案化形成机制；另外分析了纤维材料表面图案化对其功能的影响，展望了纤维材料表面图案化的潜在应用；最后对构筑方法、形成机制、应用领域提出了展望。本文旨在为纤维材料表面图案的构筑及功能纤维/织物更广阔的工程应用提供借鉴。Abstract: In nature, surface morphologies of organisms endow them versatile functions, e.g., drag reduction, strong adhesion, superhydrophobicity. Inspired by nature, researchers have made great progress in building micro/nano- patterns on planar substrate surfaces. However, the research on the patterning on fiber surface and its effect on the properties of fiber materials is still insufficient. In this paper, current construction methods of surface patterning on fiber surfaces were summarized, and fundamental mechanism of three “bottom-up” strategies was briefly described. Additionally, the influence of surface patterning on their properties was analyzed, and other potential applications of fiber materials in the future was prospected. Finally, the development trends of construction methods, formation mechanism and application were prospected. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for both the construction of surface patterning on fibers and wide engineering applications of functional fiber/fabric.
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Key words:
- fiber /
- surface patterning /
- wrinkle /
- functional fabric /
- engineering applications
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图 2 热辊压印和机械雕刻实现纤维表面图案化((a)热辊压印技术示意图；(b)聚酰胺纤维表面图案化；(c)纤维表面裂纹产生装置示意图；(d)聚丙烯纤维表面产生规则的环向裂纹)
Figure 2. Patterning of fiber surface by hot roll imprinting and mechanical engraving ((a) Schematic for the roll embossing technique; (b) Surface patten of polyamide fibers; (c) Experimental apparatus for crazing the filaments; (d) SEM picture of crazed polypropylene filaments)
图 3 双转移紫外光固化纳米压印技术((a)双转移紫外固化纳米压印在光纤表面实现局域图案化；(b)纳米压印后SiO2光纤表面形成光栅结构)
Figure 3. Double transfer UV curable nano imprinting technology((a) Fabrication process of double transfer UV-curing nanoimprint lithography; (b) Surface grating on SiO2 optical fiber)
图 4 “自下而上法”构筑表面图案化的三种策略((a)基于“软芯/硬壳”结构的预拉伸法；(b)基于“软芯/硬壳”结构的外界刺激法；(c)基于纤维/渐变涂层结构的构筑方法)
Figure 4. Three strategies of "Bottom-up Method" for constructing patterned surface ((a) Pre-straining based on “softcore/rigid shell” model; (b) External stimulus method based on “softcore/rigid shell” model; (c) Construction of Gradient shell model)
图 5 模拟纤维径向变形导致表面图案化过程((a)径向溶胀/收缩变形模型；(b)随收缩率表面图案化模拟结果)
Figure 5. Simulating the surface patterning process caused by radial deformation of fibers((a) Radial swelling/shrink model; (b) Simulated surface patterning results with different shrinkage magnitude)
图 6 弹性纤维预拉伸构筑表面图案化((a)橡胶纤维表面图案化示意图及表面双向屈曲的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)层[35]；(b)预拉伸后UV照射法及形成的单侧褶皱图；(c)预拉伸后旋转照射UV法及形成的全表面褶皱图[36])
Figure 6. Surface patterning of elastic fiber pre stretching construction((a) Schematic illustration and SEM image of bidirectional buckling on rubber fiber surface of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layers[35]; Schematic and SEM images of wrinkled pattern (b) on one side and entire (c) surface[36])
图 7 辐照与加热法形成纤维表面图案化((a)~(b) 高通量紫外辐照前后聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纤维[37]；(c)~(d) 镀金聚氨酯(PU)纤维加热后表面褶皱图案[38])
Figure 7. Fiber surface patterning by irradiation and heating((a)-(b) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber before and after high-fluence laser irradiation[37]; (c)-(d) Surface wrinkling on Au coated polyurethane (PU) fiber[38])
图 8 热处理法实现聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维表面图案化((a)~(b) 3D和截面显示PAN纤维表面屈曲过程示意图；(c)~(e)不同加热温度后表面屈曲SEM图像[39])
Figure 8. Surface patterning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber by heat treatment ((a)-(b) 3D and cross-sectional schematic diagrams of surface buckling on PAN fiber; (c)-(e) SEM images of buckling BN skin layer at different heating temperatures[39])
图 9 等离子体渐变交联获得纤维表面褶皱结构((a) PET织物表面褶皱图案化示意图和机制；(b)随着Ar等离子处理时间加大PET纤维表面SEM图像；(c)处理后PET手套显示出超疏水性)
Figure 9. Surface fold structure of fiber obtained by plasma gradient cross-linking ((a) Schematic and mechanism for the fabrication of wrinkled patten on PET fabric fibers; (b) SEM images of PET fiber with different Ar plasma time; (c) Superhydrophobicity of treated PET glove)
PDMS—Polydimethylsiloxane
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