纤维含量对VARTM制备竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能影响

施江靖; 陈红; 张文福; 吴婕妤

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210518.006

纤维含量对VARTM制备竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210518.006

施江靖^1,,
陈红^1,,
张文福^2, ,,
吴婕妤^1,

1.
南京林业大学　家居与工业设计学院，南京 210037
2.
浙江省林业科学研究院，杭州 310023

基金项目: 浙江省省属科研院所专项(2020F1065-3)；浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2020SY09)

详细信息

通讯作者:
张文福，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为竹纤维及其复合材料　E-mail：zhangwenfu542697@163.com

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-30
- 修回日期: 2021-04-23
- 录用日期: 2021-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-18
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-01

Effect of fiber content on the properties of bamboo fiber/epoxy resin composites prepared by VARTM

SHI Jiangjing^1
,,
CHEN Hong^1
,,
ZHANG Wenfu^{2
, ,},
WU Jieyu^1
,

1.
College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2.
Zhejiang Forestry Academy, Hangzhou 310023, China

摘要

摘要: 纤维含量是影响真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)技术制备高性能纤维复合材料的关键因素之一，通过考察竹纤维(BF)含量对VARTM成型过程中环氧树脂(EP)浸渍BF效果及BF/EP复合材料性能的影响，为竹纤维复合材料实际应用提供理论支撑。利用湿法层铺工艺将竹纤维束制作成竹纤维毡，再利用VARTM成型工艺制备出BF含量为0wt%、15wt%、25wt%、35wt%和45wt%的BF/EP复合材料。采用ESEM、超景深显微镜、力学试验机、TG、DMA对BF/EP复合材料的树脂浸渍纤维效果、吸水性、力学性能和耐热性能进行表征。研究结果表明：EP注射难度随BF含量增加而增大，BF/EP复合材料的吸水率随BF含量的增加逐步增加，35wt%时显著增加。随着BF含量的增加BF之间机械互锁性更强，能有效分散复合材料破坏应力，45wt%的BF/EP复合材料与15wt%相比弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度和冲击韧性分别提升了84%、64%、103%和101%。BF含量的增加使BF/EP复合材料在380℃之前热解速率加快，在此之后热解速率减缓，当BF含量多于35wt%时，BF/EP复合材料中的BF热分解剩余的无定形碳作为保护层能减少挥发性降解产物渗透到BF/EP复合材料中延缓热解反应。BF含量为45wt%时，致密的竹纤维毡能够限制树脂分子链段运动从而提高BF/EP复合材料的耐热性。当有高性能、低成本、使用场景为室内需求时可采用BF含量为45wt%制备BF/EP复合材料。
- 竹纤维 /
- VARTM /
- 纤维含量 /
- 复合材料 /
- 植物纤维复合材料 /
- 环氧树脂
Abstract: Fiber mass fraction was one of the key factors that affect the preparation of high-performance fiber composites by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). This research studied the influence of bamboo fiber (BF) mass fraction on the epoxy resin (EP) impregnated fiber effect and the performance of BF/EP composites made by VARTM, which provided theoretical support for the practical application of bamboo fiber composites. The bamboo fiber bundles were made into bamboo fiber mat by wet layering, using the VARTM process to prepare the fiber mass fraction of 0wt%, 15wt%, 25wt%, 35wt% and 45wt% BF/EP composites. The resin-impregnated fiber effect, water absorption, mechanical properties, and heat resistance of BF/EP composites were characterized by ESEM, ultra-depth-of-field microscope, mechanical testing machine, TG and DMA. It is observed that the difficulty of EP injection and the water absorption rate of BF/EP composites gradually increases with increasing fiber mass fraction. The water absorption rate of the BF/EP composites increases significantly when the fiber mass fraction is 35wt% or more. The mechanical interlocking between BF is stronger in BF/EP composites with higher fiber mass fraction, which can effectively disperse the failure stress, leading to higher mechanical performance, compared with 15wt%, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, shear strength and impact toughness of 45wt% BF/EP composites are significantly improved by 84%, 64%, 103% and 101%, respectively. The pyrolysis rate of BF/EP composites with increasing fiber mass fraction increases when the temperature is lower than 380℃ and decreases when higher than 380℃, when the fiber mass fraction is more than 35wt%, the amorphous carbon obtained from the thermal decomposition of the BF can be used as a protective layer to reduce the penetration of volatile degradation products into the BF/EP composites and delay the pyrolysis reaction. When the fiber mass fraction is 45wt%, the dense bamboo fiber mat can limit the movement of the resin molecular segments, thereby improving the heat resistance of the BF/EP composites. The BF/EP composites prepared with fiber mass fraction at 45wt% can be used in the fields where the characteristics of high performance, low cost are required, such as indoor decoration.
- bamboo fiber /
- VARTM /
- fiber content /
- composites /
- plant fiber composites /
- epoxy resin

HTML全文

图 1 真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)工艺竹纤维(BF)预处理 (a)、树脂(EP)配制 (b)、铺层方式 (c) 和成型方式 (d) 流程图

Figure 1. Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process flow chart of bamboo fiber (BF) pretreatment (a), epoxy resin (EP) preparation (b), layering method (c) and molding method (d)

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图 2 BF的SEM图像

Figure 2. SEM image of BF

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图 3 BF含量对BF/EP复合材料吸水性的影响

Figure 3. Influence of BF mass fraction on the water absorption of BF/EP composites

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图 4 BF/EP复合材料截面形貌超景深显微图

Figure 4. Ultra-depth micrograph of BF/EP composites section morphology

S_BF—Total area rate of section BF

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图 5 BF含量对BF/EP复合材料的弯曲强度/模量 (a)、弯曲应力/应变 (b)、剪切强度 (c) 和冲击韧性 (d) 的影响

Figure 5. Effect of BF mass fraction on the flexural strength/modulus (a), flexural stress-strain (b), shear strength (c) and impact toughness (d) of BF/EP composites

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图 6 15wt%BF/EP试件弯曲性能测试断裂形貌SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of fracture morphology of 15wt%BF/EP sample in flexural poperties test

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图 7 BF的TG-DTG曲线

Figure 7. TG-DTG curves of BF

1—Dehydration; 2—Warm-up phase; 3—Severe pyrolysis; 4—Slow pyrolysis

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图 8 环氧树脂酸酐体系(EP/MTHPA)的TG-DTG曲线

Figure 8. TG-DTG curves of epoxy resin/methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (EP/MTHPA)

1—Volatilization; 2—Severe pyrolysis; 3—Slow pyrolysis

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图 9 不同BF含量BF/EP复合材料的TG-DTG曲线

Figure 9. TG-DTG curves for BF/EP composites of different BF mass fractions

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图 10 不同BF含量BF/EP复合材料储能模量E' (a)、损耗模量E'' (b) 和损耗因子tanδ (c) 曲线

Figure 10. Storage modulus E' (a), loss modulus E'' (b) and loss factor tanδ (c) curves for BF/EP composites of different BF mass fractions

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表 1 不同BF质量分数的BF/EP复合材料密度

Table 1. Density of BF/EP composites with different BF mass fraction

BF mass fraction/wt% 0 15 25 35 45

Density/(g·cm⁻³) 1.210 1.129 1.226 1.245 1.251

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