陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料设计制作及抗弹体冲击性能测试

王晓宏; 张丰发; 刘长喜; 王云龙; 毕凤阳; 张东兴

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210513.008

陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料设计制作及抗弹体冲击性能测试

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210513.008

王晓宏^1,,
张丰发^1, ,,
刘长喜^{1, 2,},
王云龙¹,
毕凤阳^1,,
张东兴^3,

1.
黑龙江工程学院　机电工程学院，哈尔滨 150030
2.
特种纤维复合材料国家重点实验室，北京 102101
3.
哈尔滨工业大学　航天学院，哈尔滨 150008

基金项目: 黑龙江省自然基金项目(LH2019E080)；黑龙江工程学院创新团队项目(2018CX10)；黑龙江工程学院省领军人才梯队培育计划项目(军用动力系统关键技术2020LJ02)

详细信息

通讯作者:
张丰发，博士，讲师，研究方向为树脂基复合材料　E-mail：zhangff11@263.net

中图分类号: TB332
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-06
- 录用日期: 2021-04-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-15

Design and fabrication of ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composites and test of projectile impact resistance

1.
Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Department, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150030, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber Composite, Beijing 102101, China
3.
School of Astronautics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150008, China

摘要

摘要: 掩体作为战场中指挥、防御、观察、射击的综合性军事工事，其观察口为薄弱点，防护能力的大小关系着其内部人员是否安全。本文以防护轻武器为设计目标，设计、制作一种纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料，并对其防弹能力进行测试。首先，基于显式有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit，建立弹体冲击纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料防护甲板的数值模型，研究混杂纤维与同种纤维、混杂纤维的不同比例及纤维的铺设角度对复合材料防护甲板抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明：两种纤维混杂且混杂比例为0.3~0.7、纤维铺设角度为：0°/30°/60°/90°/−60°/−30°/0°时防护效果最好。其次，根据模拟结果，利用缠绕成型和手糊工艺相结合的方式将高强玻璃纤维S-2/TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料层合板、SiC陶瓷及凯芙拉49纤维/TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料层合板依次堆叠，制作纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料防护甲板试件。最后，利用改进的霍普金森压杆装置进行防护甲板的弹体冲击试验。结果表明：设计的防护甲板能够抵挡住平均速度为500 m/s子弹的贯穿，与理论计算的结果相符合。
- 层间混杂复合材料 /
- 凯芙拉纤维 /
- 玻璃纤维 /
- 冲击 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: As a comprehensive military fortifications for command, defense, observation, shooting in the battlefield, the porthole of the shelter often becomes the weak point and the protection performance determines the internal personnel security. This paper focused on designing and fabricating the fiber/ceramic interlayer hybrid composite material for protective small arms, and the bulletproof ability of the composites was tested. Firstly, a numerical model of the protective deck produced with fiber/ceramic interlayer hybrid composite was established based on ABAQUS/Explicit. The effects of the different ratio of the hybrid fiber and the homogenous fiber, and the laying angle of fiber on the impact resistance of the composite protective deck were studied. The results indicate that the composites show the best protection when the Kevlar-glass fiber mixed ratio is 0.3-0.7 and the fiber laying angle is 0°/30°/60°/90°/−60°/−30°/0°. Secondly, according to the simulation results, the high strength glass fiber S-2/TDE-85 epoxy composite laminates, SiC ceramics and Kevlar 49 fiber/TDE-85 epoxy composite laminates were stacked successively by combination of winding and hand lay-up techniques to fabricate the fiber/ceramic interlayer hybrid composite material protective deck specimens. Finally, the improved Hopkinson pressure bar device was applied to carry out the projectile impact tests on the protective deck. The results demonstrate that the designed protective deck can withstand the penetration of bullets with an average velocity of 500 m/s, which agrees with the theoretical calculation results.
- interlaminar hybrid composites /
- Kevlar fiber /
- glass fiber /
- impact /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 弹体冲击陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板的数值模型

Figure 1. Numerical model of projectile impacting ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composite protective deck

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图 2 弹体在三种陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板中的速度衰减曲线

Figure 2. Velocity attenuation curves in three kinds of ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composite protective decks

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图 3 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板中不同凯芙拉纤维/环氧树脂复合材料含量时弹体末速度的变化

Figure 3. Change of terminal velocity of projectile with different Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite contents in ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composite protective deck

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图 4 不同的凯夫拉纤维角度铺设时冲击KKCKK弹体的末速度

Figure 4. Terminal velocity of the projectile impacting KKCKK with different Kevlar fiber angles

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图 5 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料的结构

Figure 5. Structure of ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite

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图 6 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料中陶瓷层的拼接方式示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of ceramic layer splicing in ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite

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图 7 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料试件

Figure 7. Ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite specimen

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图 8 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料拉伸性能测试试件

Figure 8. Test specimen of tensile properties of ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composites

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图 9 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板弹体冲击试验的装置和原理

Figure 9. Device and principle of projectile impact test of ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite protective deck

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图 10 铝制弹体试样

Figure 10. Aluminium projectile specimens

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图 11 陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板的破坏情况

Figure 11. Damage of ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite protective deck

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表 1 黏聚力参数

Table 1. Cohesive force parameter

	Mode Ⅰ	Mode Ⅱ	Mode Ⅲ
Normalised elastic modulus/(GPa·mm⁻¹)	1 373.3	493.3	493.3
Inter-laminar strength/MPa	62.3	92.3	92.3
Inter-laminar fracture toughness/(kJ·m⁻²)	0.28	0.79	0.79

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表 2 SiC陶瓷的JH-2力学参数^[18]

Table 2. Jh-2 mechanical parameters of SiC ceramics

ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	G	A	B	C	M	N	β	${\dot \varepsilon _{\rm{0}}}$/s⁻¹
3215	193	0.96	0.35	0.009	1	0.65	1.0	1.0
$\sigma _{{\rm{max}}}^{\rm{f}}$	${\sigma _{{\rm{HEL}}}}$/GPa	P_HEL/GPa	D₁	D₂	K₁	K₂	K₃
0.132	11.7	5.13	0.48	0.48	220	361	0
Notes: ρ—Density; G—Shear modulus; β—Ratio of elastic energy loss; ${\dot \varepsilon _{\rm{0}}}$—Reference strain rate; K₁—Bulk modulus; K₂ and K₃—Equation of state constant; A, B, C, D, M, N—Material constant.

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表 3 不同纤维/TDE-85环氧树脂层合板弹性参数

Table 3. Elastic parameters of different fiber/TDE-85 epoxy laminates

Material	Young’s modulus E/GPa			Shear modulus G/GPa			Poisson’s ratio ν			Density/ (kg·m⁻³)
Material	E₁	E₂	E₃	G₁₂	G₁₃	G₂₃	ν₁₂	ν₁₃	ν₂₃	Density/ (kg·m⁻³)
Kevlar 49 fiber/TDE-85 epoxy resin	80	5	6	2.65	3.02	1.65	0.34	0.34	0.34	2.0
High strength glass fiber S-2/TDE-85 epoxy resin	28.7	13.7	4.0	12.8	8.30	5.6	0.23	0.23	0.23	1.1
Note: E₁, E₂, E₃、ν₁₂, ν₁₃, ν₂₃, G₁₂, G₁₃, G₂₃—Young’s modulus，Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus of the composite in transverse, axial and normal directions, respectively.

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表 4 不同纤维/TDE-85环氧树脂层合板强度参数

Table 4. Strength parameters of different fiber/TDE-85 epoxy laminates

Material	X_T/GPa	X_C/GPa	Y_T/GPa	Y_C/GPa	S_T/GPa	S_C/GPa
Kevlar 49 fiber/TDE-85 epoxy resin	2.42	0.36	0.034	0.50	0.078	0.041
High strength glass fiber S-2/TDE-85 epoxy resin	1.20	1.15	0.065	0.13	0.059	0.031
Notes: X_T—Axial tensile strength; X_C—Axial compression strength; Y_T—Transverse tensile strength; Y_C—Transverse compression strength; S_T—Transverse shear strength; S_C—Axial shear strength.

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表 5 三种陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板吸收的能量和比吸能

Table 5. Energy absorption and specific energy absorption of three ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composite protective decks

	GGCKK	KKCKK	GKCGK
Final velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	480.8	485.9	480.1
Absorbed energy W/J	462.8	335.6	468.2
Specific energy absorption E_A/(J·kg⁻¹·m⁻²)	79.03	79.23	80.07
Notes: GGCKK—Composed of two six layers of high strength glass fiber/epoxy composite laminates, ceramic laminates, two six layers of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite laminates; KKCKK—Composed of two six-layer Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates, ceramic layers, and two six-layer Kevlar/epoxy composite laminates stacked in sequence; GKCGK—Composed of six layers of high strength glass fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates, six layers of Kevlar fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates, ceramic layers, six layers of high strength glass fiber/epoxy resin composite laminates, and six layers of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite laminates.

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表 6 不同凯芙拉纤维/环氧树脂复合材料比例时陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板的吸能比较

Table 6. Comparison of energy absorption of ceramic/fiber interlayer hybrid composite protective decks with different ratios of Kevlar fiber/epoxy composite

Mixed proportion	0	0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	1
Absorbed energy W/J	334.6	366.2	433.2	460.4	434.8	373.5	335.2
Specific energy absorption E_A/(J·kg^-1·m^-2)	42.9	45.2	76.1	81.3	88.5	83.3	79.3

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表 7 弹体冲击陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料防护甲板试验结果

Table 7. Test results of projectile impacting ceramic/fiber interlaminar hybrid composite protective deck

Number	Mass/g	Initial velocity/ (m·s⁻¹)	Residual velocity/ (m·s⁻¹)	Unit surface density absorbs energy/(J·(kg·m²)⁻¹)	Damage
A1(1)	7.8	465	0	108.3	Hold, projectile body is ejected, slight bulge on deck back
A1(2)	19.8	361	0	119.6	Hold, projectile body is ejected, large bulge on deck back
A2(1)	7.8	478	0	113.5	Defend, projectile body is ejected, large bulge on deck back, larger fiber fracture and is pulled out
A2(2)	19.8	387	0	126.2	The projectile is stuck inside the deck, the deck is not penetrated, the fiber is pulled out

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