Optimal design of laying sequence of composite gas cylinders based on impact damage
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摘要: 基于瞬态动力学理论和遗传优化算法，以提高抗冲击损伤能力为优化目标对复合材料气瓶的铺层顺序进行优化。遗传算法利用MATLAB软件实现，复合材料气瓶冲击损伤分析采用ANSYS进行，通过两个软件之间的信息传递，实现优化计算。以铝内胆复合材料气瓶为算例进行优化，结果表明，在同一冲击能量下，优化后的气瓶基体破裂面积和基体破裂层数均大幅减小，剩余爆破压力显著提高。当冲击能量为60 J时，该气瓶表面基体破裂面积减少了8.8%，基体破裂层数减少了14.3%，剩余爆破压力值提高了9.6%。本文建立的优化算法可以用于复合材料气瓶铺层优化设计。Abstract: Based on the transient dynamics theory and genetic optimization algorithm, the layup sequence of composite gas cylinder was optimized with the optimization goal of improving the resistance to impact damage. The genetic algorithm was realized by MATLAB software, and the impact damage analysis of composite gas cylinders was carried out by ANSYS. Through the information transmission between the two software, the optimized process was realized. Taking an aluminum-lined composite gas cylinder as an example for optimization, the results show that under the same impact energy, the matrix rupture area and the number of matrix rupture layers of optimized gas cylinder are greatly reduced, and the remaining burst pressure is significantly increased. When the impact energy is 60 J, the rupture matrix area on the surface reduces 8.8%, the number of rupture layers in the matrix reduces 14.3%, and the remaining burst pressure value increases 9.6%. The optimization algorithm established in this paper can be used to optimize the design of composite gas cylinders.
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Key words:
- composite materials /
- laying sequence /
- impact damage /
- genetic algorithm /
- burst pressure
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图 1 复合材料气瓶冲击损伤分析流程
Figure 1. Impact damage analysis flow of composite cylinder
F1 and F2—Damage factors of matrix and fiber, respectively
图 2 复合材料气瓶剩余爆破压力分析流程
Figure 2. Residual burst pressure analysis process of composite cylinder
P—Applied internal pressure; ΔP—Pressure increment
图 4 气瓶冲击模型
Figure 4. Impact model of gas cylinder
V—Velocity of impact on the cylinder
图 6 复合材料气瓶不同尺寸单元的基体破裂面积
Figure 6. Matrix fracture area of composite cylinder with different size elements
图 8 水压爆破试验压力与进水量曲线
Figure 8. Curves of pressure and water inflow for hydraulic blasting test
图 9 不同剩余爆破压力下数值模拟气瓶失效过程
Figure 9. Numerical simulation of gas cylinder failure process under different residual burst pressures
图 10 复合材料气瓶铺层优化流程图
Figure 10. Flow chart of laying optimization process of composite cylinder
GA—Genetic algorithm; FE—Finite element
图 11 复合材料气瓶最外侧缠绕层应力分布
Figure 11. Stress distribution of the outermost winding layer of composite cylinder
图 12 复合材料气瓶最外侧缠绕层基体损伤形态
Figure 12. Damage morphology of the outermost winding layer matrix of composite cylinder
图 13 复合材料气瓶铺层优化迭代过程
Figure 13. Laying optimization iterative process of composite cylinder
图 14 60 J冲击能量下优化前后复合材料气瓶基体破裂面积对比
Figure 14. Comparison of the fracture area of the matrix of composite cylinder before and after optimization under 60 J impact energy
图 15 不同冲击能量下优化前后复合材料气瓶基体破裂面积对比
Figure 15. Comparison of matrix fracture area of composite cylinder before and after optimization under different impact energies
图 16 不同冲击能量下优化前后复合材料气瓶基体破裂层数对比
Figure 16. Comparison of the number of matrix fractured layers of composite cylinder before and after optimization under different impact energies
图 18 不同冲击能量下优化前后复合材料气瓶剩余爆破压力对比
Figure 18. Comparison of residual burst pressure of composite cylinder before and after optimization under different impact energies
图 17 60 J能量冲击后不同剩余爆破压力下气瓶筒体应力分布
Figure 17. Stress distribution of cylinder under different residual burst pressures after 60 J impact energy
表 1 Camanho参数退化
Table 1. Camanho parameter degradation
Failure mode Camanho degradation rule Matrix tensile or shear cracking $E_{yy}' = 0.2{E_{yy}}$；$G_{xy}' = 0.2{G_{xy}}$；$G_{yz}' = 0.2{G_{yz}}$ Matrix compression or shear cracking $E_{yy}' = 0.4{E_{yy}}$；$ G_{xy}' = 0.4{G_{xy} } $；$ G_{yz}' = 0.4{G_{yz} } $ Matrix fiber shearing $G_{xy}' = v_{xy}' = 0$ Fiber tensile fracture $E_{xx}' = 0.07{E_{xx}}$ Fiber compressive fracture $E_{xx}' = 0.14{E_{xx}}$ Notes: Exx, Eyy and Ezz—Young’s modulus of the composite layer in x, y, z direction, respectively; ν and G—Poisson’s ratio and shear modulus, respectively. 
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表 2 T700碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of T700/epoxy composite
Exx/GPa Eyy/GPa Ezz/GPa νxy νyz νxz 154.1 11.41 11.41 0.49 0.33 0.49 Gxy/GPa Gyz/GPa Gxz/GPa Xt/MPa Yt/MPa Sxy/MPa 7.092 3.792 7.092 2360 66 129 Notes: Xt, Yt—Tensile strength in x, y direction, respectively; Sxy—Shear strength.
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