铁镍合金/聚乳酸复合材料的熔融沉积成形制备及其电磁吸收性能和力学性能

吴海华; 胡正浪; 李雨恬; 钱鹏; 刘力; 周建新

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210311.003

铁镍合金/聚乳酸复合材料的熔融沉积成形制备及其电磁吸收性能和力学性能

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20210311.003

吴海华^1, ,,
胡正浪^1,,
李雨恬^2,,
钱鹏^1,,
刘力^1,,
周建新^3,

1.
三峡大学　机械与动力学院，宜昌 443000
2.
哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)　材料科学与工程学院，深圳 518000
3.
华中科技大学　材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51575313)；华中科技大学材料成形与模具技术国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金(P2020-003)

详细信息

通讯作者:
吴海华，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为3D打印吸波材料及其工程应用技术　E-mail：wuhaihua@ctgu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB333
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-11
- 修回日期: 2021-02-16
- 录用日期: 2021-03-07
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-11
- 刊出日期: 2022-01-15

Electromagnetic absorption properties and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni alloy/polylactic acid composites fabricated by fused deposition modeling

WU Haihua^{1
, ,},
HU Zhenglang^1
,,
LI Yutian^2
,,
QIAN Peng^1
,,
LIU Li^1
,,
ZHOU Jianxin^3
,

1.
College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518000, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China

摘要

摘要: 在制备铁镍合金(FeNi50)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合线材的基础上，利用熔融沉积成形(FDM)制备出FeNi50/PLA复合材料。采用SEM、振动样品磁强计、矢量网络分析仪和万能试验机研究了FeNi50对复合材料微观形貌、磁性、电磁性能和力学性能的影响，并讨论了其反射损耗。研究发现，复合材料的饱和磁化强度和电磁性能随着FeNi50含量的增加而增加，使其反射损耗得到改善并向低频偏移。采用两步混合工艺使FeNi50颗粒相对均匀地分布在聚乳酸基体中，形成了类似海岛状的结构。这种结构阻止了FeNi50团聚并隔离了涡流，从而改善了吸波性能；得益于上述分散结构，球形颗粒分布在裂纹扩展方向上，吸收了断裂能量，使复合材料的断裂延伸率相比纯PLA提高了31.7%。表明这种基于FDM的FeNi50/PLA复合材料在吸波和承载方面具有较好的应用潜力。
- 树脂基复合材料 /
- 微观形貌 /
- 饱和磁化强度 /
- 电磁吸收性能 /
- 力学性能 /
- 熔融沉积成形 (FDM)
Abstract: The Fe-Ni alloy/polylactic acid (FeNi50/PLA) composite was prepared using fused deposition modeling (FDM) by PLA/FeNi50 composite filaments with different contents of FeNi50. Effects of FeNi50 on the micromorphology, magnetic properties, electromagnetic properties and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated using SEM, vibrating sample magnetometer, vector network analyzer and universal testing machine, and the reflection loss of composites were discussed. The results show that the saturation magnetisation strength and electromagnetic properties of the composites gradually increase as the FeNi50 content, resulting in improved reflection loss and a shift towards to low-frequency. The two-step mixing process enables FeNi50 particles to be distributed relatively uniformly in the PLA matrix, forming an island-like structure, which prevents FeNi50 agglomeration and isolates eddy currents, thus improving microwave absorption performance. Thanks to the above dispersion structure, the spherical particles are distributed in the crack extension direction, which absorbs the fracture energy and increases the elongation at break of the composites by 31.7% compared with the pure PLA. It is shown that the FDM-based FeNi50/PLA composites have good potential for microwave absorption and load-bearing applications.
- resin-based composites /
- micromorphology /
- saturation magnetization /
- electromagnetic absorption properties /
- mechanical properties /
- fused deposition modeling (FDM)

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图 1 聚乳酸(PLA)和铁镍合金(FeNi50)粉末的原始形貌

Figure 1. Original morphologies of polylactic acid (PLA) and Fe-Ni alloy (FeNi50) powders

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图 2 PLA和FeNi50粉末的粒径分布(Dv(50): 体积分数为50%时所对应粒度)

Figure 2. Particle size distribution of PLA and FeNi50 powders (Dv(50): Particle size at 50% volume fraction)

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图 3 FeNi50/PLA复合粉末的DSC曲线

Figure 3. DSC thermograms of FeNi50/PLA composite powders

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图 4 FeNi50/PLA复合线材

Figure 4. FeNi50/PLA composite filaments

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图 5 7个不同FeNi50含量同轴环

Figure 5. Seven coaxial rings with different FeNi50 contents

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图 6 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合线材的XRD图谱

Figure 6. XRD patterns of FeNi50/PLA composite filaments with different FeNi50 contents

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图 7 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合线材的磁滞回线

Figure 7. Hysteresis loops of FeNi50/PLA composite filaments with different FeNi50 contents

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图 8 7个不同FeNi50含量同轴环的电磁参数：在2~18 GHz频率范围内，复介电常数的实部(a)、虚部(b)；复磁导率的实部(c)、虚部(d)；介电损耗角正切(e)和磁损耗角正切(f)

Figure 8. Electromagnetic parameters of seven coaxial rings with different FeNi50 contents: Real (a) and imaginary (b) part of the complex permittivity; Real (c) and imaginary (d) part of the complex permeability; Tangent dielectric loss (e) and tangent magnetic loss (f) in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz

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图 9 FeNi50/PLA复合材料的涡流值${C_0}$

Figure 9. Eddy current data ${C_0}$ of FeNi50/PLA composites

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图 10 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合线材截面形貌

Figure 10. Section morphologies of FeNi50/PLA composite filaments with different FeNi50 contents

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图 11 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合材料的反射损耗与频率之间的关系(d=3 mm)

Figure 11. Relationship between reflection loss and frequency of FeNi50/PLA composites with different FeNi50 contents (d = 3 mm)

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图 12 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合线材的饱和磁化强度

Figure 12. Saturation magnetization values of FeNi50/PLA composite filaments with different FeNi50 contents

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图 13 60% FeNi50/PLA复合材料的反射损耗值、频率和厚度的三维关系图(a)、反射损耗与阻抗匹配曲线(b)

Figure 13. Three-dimensional relation diagram of reflection loss value, frequency and thickness (a) and reflection loss and impedance matching curves (b) of 60% FeNi50/PLA composites

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图 14 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合材料的拉伸断面形貌

Figure 14. Tensile fracture morphologies of FeNi50/PLA composites with different FeNi50 contents

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表 1 FeNi50/PLA复合粉末DSC曲线对应的数据

Table 1. DSC data of FeNi50/PLA composite powders

Sample number	FeNi50 content/wt%	${T_{\rm{m}}}$/℃	${T_{\rm{c}}}$/℃	${T_{\rm{g}}}$/℃
Pure PLA	0	114.03	96.03	69.03
10%FeNi50/PLA	10	113.00	96.00	67.00
20%FeNi50/PLA	20	113.02	96.00	68.00
30%FeNi50/PLA	30	113.01	96.01	66.97
40%FeNi50/PLA	40	112.97	95.97	67.00
50%FeNi50/PLA	50	113.00	96.00	67.00
60%FeNi50/PLA	60	112.99	96.99	66.49
Notes: T_m—Melting temperature; T_c—Crystallization temperature; T_g—Glass transition temperature.

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表 2 FeNi50/PLA复合材料的组分

Table 2. Components of FeNi50/PLA composites

Sample number	Mass fraction/wt%
Sample number	PLA	FeNi50
Pure PLA	100	0
10%FeNi50/PLA	90	10
20%FeNi50/PLA	80	20
30%FeNi50/PLA	70	30
40%FeNi50/PLA	60	40
50%FeNi50/PLA	50	50
60%FeNi50/PLA	40	60

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表 3 不同FeNi50含量的FeNi50/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂延伸率

Table 3. Tensile strength and elongation at break of FeNi50/PLA composites with different FeNi50 contents

Sample number	Tensile strength/ MPa	Elongation at break/%
Pure PLA	37.0	14.2
10%FeNi50/PLA	27.7	13.2
20%FeNi50/PLA	26.8	13.0
30%FeNi50/PLA	25.7	14.2
40%FeNi50/PLA	24.2	15.2
50%FeNi50/PLA	24.4	17.8
60%FeNi50/PLA	23.3	18.7

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