基于ABAQUS二次开发的球形破片侵彻UHMWPE软质防弹衣数值模拟

罗小豪; 温垚珂; 闫文敏; 曹岩枫; 董方栋

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201215.003

基于ABAQUS二次开发的球形破片侵彻UHMWPE软质防弹衣数值模拟

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201215.003

1.
南京理工大学　机械工程学院，南京 290014
2.
中国兵器工业第208研究所　瞬态冲击技术国防科技重点实验室，北京 102202

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11872215)；国防科工局稳定支持经费项目(JCKYS201909C001)；军委科技委基础加强计划技术领域基金(2019-JCJQ-JJ-373)

详细信息

通讯作者:
温垚珂，博士，副教授，研究方向为冲击动力学　E-mail：wenyk2011@163.com

中图分类号: TJ04
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-12
- 录用日期: 2020-12-04
- 网络出版日期: 2020-12-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-01

Numerical simulation of spherical fragment penetrating UHMWPE soft body armor based on ABAQUS

LUO Xiaohao^1
,,
WEN Yaoke^{1
, ,},
YAN Wenmin^2
,,
CAO Yanfeng^1
,,
DONG Fangdong^2
,

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 290014, China
2.
Science and Technology on Transient Impact Laboratory, No.208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China

摘要

摘要: 为准确模拟破片侵彻防弹衣的过程，揭示破片与软质防弹衣相互作用机制，本文基于ABAQUS用户子程序VUMAT编写了适用于模拟软质防弹衣材料力学性能的本构模型，建立了球形破片侵彻软质防弹衣的有限元模型，数值模拟结果与实验吻合较好。本构模型中材料失效模式数据表明，无纬布主要发生纤维拉伸、基体拉伸和压缩失效；在钢球侵彻防弹衣的初期，无纬布上的应力云图一般呈现较规则的圆形或椭圆形，然后再慢慢向四周扩散；钢球侵彻软质防弹衣的过程中伴随有较明显的纤维层间分层失效，未穿透的纤维层中也出现了分层的现象，分层面积从迎弹面到背弹面先减小后增大再减小。
- 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE) /
- 球形破片 /
- VUMAT /
- 侵彻 /
- 防弹衣
Abstract: To accurately simulate the process of fragment penetrating bulletproof vests and reveal the interaction mechanism, a constitutive model suitable for simulating the mechanical properties of soft bulletproof vests was developed based on the user subroutine VUMAT of ABAQUS, and the finite element model of spherical fragment penetrating soft bulletproof vest was established. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The material failure mode data in the constitutive model show that the unidirectional fiber cloth mainly fails in fiber tension, matrix tension and compression. In the initial stage of steel sphere penetrating bullet proof vest, the stress contours on the unidirectional fiber cloth generally present a regular circle or ellipse, and then slowly diffuse around. In the penetrating process, there is obvious fiber delamination failure. Moreover, the delamination phenomenon also appears in the fiber layer which is not pierced. The delamination area decreases first, then increases, and then decreases from the attack surface to the back surface.
- ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) /
- spherical fragment /
- VUMAT /
- penetration /
- soft body armor

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图 1 Cohesive单元双线性本构模型

Figure 1. Bilinear constitutive model of cohesive element

$\delta _{\rm{m}}^0 $—Equivalent displacement at the beginning of damage; $\delta _{\rm{m}}^{\rm{f}}$—Equivalent displacement corresponding to complete damage; G^C—Equivalent fracture toughness

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图 2 VUMAT子程序流程图

Figure 2. Flow chart of VUMAT

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图 3 钢球网格模型

Figure 3. Finite element mesh of steel sphere

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图 4 数值仿真和试验中钢球的最终形态对比

Figure 4. Comparison of final shape of steel sphere in numerical simulation and experiment

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图 5 数值仿真中钢球不同材料模型对比

Figure 5. Comparison of different material models of steel sphere in numerical simulation

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图 6 内聚力单元网格模型

Figure 6. Finite element mesh of cohesive elements

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图 7 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)软质防弹衣网格模型

Figure 7. Finite element mesh of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) soft bulletproof vest

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图 8 不同侵彻速度下UHMWPE防弹衣穿透层数的试验和仿真结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE bulletproof vest failure layers at different impact velocities

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图 9 实验和仿真中UHMWPE防弹衣的破口情况对比

Figure 9. Comparison of the breach of UHMWPE bulletproof vest in experiment and simulation

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图 10 钢球速度变化曲线

Figure 10. Time history of the computed residual velocity for the steel sphere

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图 11 入射速度为540 m/s时损伤状态变化过程

Figure 11. Change process of damage state for impact velocity of 540 m/s

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图 12 UHMWPE防弹衣中基体拉伸和压缩损伤

Figure 12. Tensile and compression damage of matrix in UHMWPE bulletproof vest

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图 13 侵彻速度为540 m/s时，第1层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布

Figure 13. Equivalent stress distribution of the first layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s

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图 15 侵彻速度为540 m/s时第46层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布

Figure 15. Equivalent stress distribution of the 46th layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s

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图 14 侵彻速度为540 m/s时第23层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布

Figure 14. Equivalent stress distribution of the 23rd layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s

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图 17 侵彻速度540 m/s时UHMWPE防弹衣沿侵彻方向下的分层面积

Figure 17. Delamination area of UHMWPE bulletproof vest along penetration direction for impact velocity of 540 m/s

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图 16 侵彻速度为540 m/s、时间为35 μs时，UHMWPE防弹衣各层Cohesive单元等效应力分布

Figure 16. Contours of equivalent stress in each layer of the cohesive elements of UHMWPE bulletproof vest for impact velocity 540 m/s at 35 μs

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表 1 钢球材料参数

Table 1. Material parameters of steel sphere

Material	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E/GPa	ν
Steel	7.83	211	0.27
Notes: ρ—Density; E—Elastic modulus; ν—Poisson's ratio.

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表 2 UHMWPE软质防弹衣材料参数^[6]

Table 2. Material parameters of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest

Model parameter	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	${E_1}$/GPa	${E_2}$/GPa	${E_3}$/GPa	${v_{12}}$	${v_{13}}$	${v_{23}}$
	0.97	80	30	20	0.18	0.18	0.11
Model parameter	${G_{12}}$/GPa	${G_{23}}$/GPa	${G_{13}}$/GPa	X_C/MPa	X_T/MPa	Y_C/MPa	Y_T/MPa
	20	10	20	4500	4500	700	700
Model parameter	Z_C/MPa	Z_T/MPa	S₁₂/MPa	S₂₃/MPa	S₁₃/MPa
	700	700	400	400	400
Notes: ${E_1}$, ${E_2}$, ${E_3}$—Elastic modulus in x, y, and z directions, respectively; ${v_{12}}$, ${v_{13}}$, ${v_{23}}$—Poisson's ratios; ${G_{12}}$, ${G_{23}}$, ${G_{13}}$—Shear modulus; X_C, X_T, Y_C, Y_T, Z_C, Z_T—Compressive and tensile strengths in x, y, z directions; S₁₂, S₂₃, S₁₃—Shear strengths.

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表 3 内聚力单元材料参数^[29]

Table 3. Material parameters of cohesive element

Model parameter	ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	E_n/MPa	G_s/MPa	σ_n/MPa	σ_s/MPa	G_{Ⅰ C}/(J·m⁻²)	G_{Ⅱ C}/(J·m⁻²)	G_{Ⅲ C}/(J·m⁻²)
	2	9700	6500	55	120	280	495	495
Notes：E_n—Elastic modulus; G_s—Shear modulus; σ_n, σ_s—Normal and tangential strengths; G_{Ⅰ C}, G_{Ⅱ C}, G_{Ⅲ C}—Critical energy release rates in mode I, mode II and mode III.

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表 4 实验和数值仿真中UHMWPE软防护破坏层数对比(钢球着靶速度区间为617~650 m/s)

Table 4. Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest failure layers(Impact velocity of steel sphere is 617-650 m/s)

	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Coordinates of impact point/cm	Number of penetrating layers
Experimental value 1	650	(17,16.5)	43
Experimental value 2	643	(15,15.5)	41
Experimental value 3	619	(14,16.5)	42
Experimental value 4	648	(14.5,16)	41
Experimental value 5	617	(14,15.5)	39
Experimental value 6	632	(14,15.5)	40
Simulation value	630	(15,15)	40
Note: Take the sitting corner of the front of the body armor as the origin of the coordinates.

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表 5 实验和数值仿真中UHMWPE软防护破坏层数对比(钢球着靶速度区间为515~588 m/s)

Table 5. Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest failure layers(Impact velocity of steel sphere is 515-588 m/s)

	Impact velocity/(m·s⁻¹)	Coordinates of impact point/cm	Number of penetrating layers
Experimental value 1	588	(16.5,16.5)	36
Experimental value 2	575	(17,15.5)	33
Experimental value 3	519	(17,15.5)	31
Experimental value 4	520	(17,16.5)	29
Experimental value 5	518	(17,15.5)	26
Experimental value 6	515	(16.5,16.5)	28
Simulation value	540	(15,15)	33
Note: Take the sitting corner of the front of the body armor as the origin of the coordinates.

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