Research progress of high-energy-density ceramic/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite dielectrics
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摘要: 介电电容器作为间歇产生的可持续能源的高效存储转换设备，在新能源领域发挥着不可替代的作用。而电介质电容器的核心是具有高储能密度的电介质材料。聚合物电介质材料由于具有击穿场强高、放电速度快、能长时间使用并可自修复等特点，成为高性能电容器的潜力候选材料，但聚合物本身较低的介电常数限制了其储能密度。通过将具有高介电常数的陶瓷填料与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)聚合物复合，制备新型陶瓷/PVDF复合电介质，在提高电介质材料的介电性能和储能密度方面取得了重要进展。本文介绍了电介质材料的基本原理，综述了不同类型的陶瓷/PVDF复合电介质的结构、储能机制及介电储能性能，并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。
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关键词:
- 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF) /
- 复合材料 /
- 电介质 /
- 储能密度 /
- 介电性能
Abstract: As sustainable energy storage and convert device, dielectric capacitors play a non-substitutable role in the sustainable energy systems. The dielectrics are the core of dielectric capacitors. The polymer dielectrics have great potential to be applied in the high energy density capacitors for their high breakdown strength, fast discharge rate and excellent cyclability with self-healing property but the low dielectric constant. The mposite dielectrics combining ceramic counterparts with high dielectric constant and poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-based copolymers with high breakdown strength have been developed, which achieved high energy density, low loss and high efficiency. This review introduces the fundamental principles of dielectrics and different types of ceramic/PVDF-based copolymers composites, their development trends are also prospected.-
Key words:
- poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) /
- composites /
- dielectrics /
- energy density /
- dielectric properties
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图 2 电介质材料的单向电位移D-电场强度E电滞回线示意图
Figure 2. Schematic of unipolar electric displacement D-electric field strength E curve for dielectric materials
图 5 通过常规固态方法合成Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT)粉末的示意图(a); NBT@多巴胺(DA)/PVDF复合膜的制造工艺(b);NBT@DA/PVDF复合膜的改进机制(c)[40]
Figure 5. Schematic illustrations for a synthesis of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) powders via conventional solid-state method (a); Fabrication processes of NBT@dopamine (DA)/PVDF composite films (b); Modified mechanism of NBT@DA/PVDF composite films (c)[40]
图 8 能量密度与分层界面关系示意图: (a) BT@甲基丙烯酰基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPS)/聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯) (P(VDF-CTFE))复合材料; (b) 具有分层界面和晶体的纳米复合网络[54]
Figure 8. Schematic illustration of relationship between energy density and hierarchical interface: (a) BT@γ-methacryloylpropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS)/poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) composite; (b) Nanoomposite networks with hierarchical interfaces and their crystals[54]
表 1 以PVDF、P(VDF-CTFE)、P(VDF-HFP)二元共聚物及聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-氯氟乙烯) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE))和聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE))三元共聚物为基体的复合电介质
Table 1. Composite dielectrics based on PVDF, P(VDF-CTFE), P(VDF-HFP) binary copolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)) and poly (vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)) terpolymer
Substrate
materialFiller Packing
structureComposite
structureDielectric energy storage performance Ref. ${\varepsilon _{\rm{r}}}$ $\tan \delta $ ${E_{\rm{b} } }$/(MV·m−1) ${U_{\rm{e} } }$/(J·cm−3) PVDF BaTiO3@Al2O3 (BT@AO) Core-shell BT@AO/PVDF 16.34 (103 Hz) — 420 10.58 [20] PVDF BaTiO3@TiO2 (BT@TO) Core-shell BT@TO/PVDF >41 — 650 20 [22] PVDF BT@PMMA, BT@PTFEMA Core-shell BT@PMMA/PVDF, BT@PTFEMA/
PVDF— 0.025 (105 Hz) — — [27] PVDF CaCu3Ti4O12@Al2O3 (CCTO@AO) Core-shell CCTO@AO/PVDF 18.4 (102 Hz) <0.13 340 8.46 [30] PVDF Pb(Zr1-xTix)O3 (PZT) Submicron particle PZT/PVDF 40.8 (103 Hz) 0.037 (102 Hz) 250 6.41 [33] PVDF PZT Nanowires PZT NWs/PVDF — 0.031 (103 Hz) 15 0.0166 [34] PVDF PZT Aligned nanowires 3-Direction alignmentPZT NWs/PVDF — — 15 0.0303 [35] PVDF BT-BN Nanowires BT-BN/PVDF — — 434 15.25 [36] PVDF Surface modified SrTiO3 nanoparticles (ST NP) by polyvinyl-lpyrrolidone (PVP) Nanoparticles ST NP/PVDF 33.9 (103 Hz) 0.047 (103 Hz) 270 5.1 [39] PVDF Surface modified Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) by dopamine (DA) Perovskite
structureNBT/PVDF — — 380 9.16 [40] PVDF Surface modifiedgallium ferrite (GFO) by sodium dodecyl-sulphate (SDS) Nanoparticles GFO/PVDF 25 (104 Hz) 0.02 (104 Hz) 6 0.00388 [41] PVDF BT Nanoparticles Sandwich-structured BT/PVDF — <0.05 470 18.8 [44] PVDF BNNSs 2D nanosheets PVDF-BNNSs-PVDF — — 612 14.3 [46] PVDF BNNSs Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) 2D nanosheets;
1D nanowiresBNNSs-PVDF/BST-PVDF/BNNSs-PVDF 14.2 (103 Hz) <0.05 588 20.5 [47] P(VDF-CTFE) Surface modified
BST by PDANanoparticles BST/P(VDF-CTFE) 35 (102 Hz) 0.06 (102 Hz) 466 11 [48] P(VDF-CTFE) Surface modified
BT by PDA1D nanowires BT/P(VDF-CTFE) — — 270 8.4 [49] P(VDF-CTFE) Surface modified
BT by PDANanoparticles BT/P(VDF-CTFE) — — 250 2.9 [50] P(VDF-CTFE) BNNSs surface modified
BT by PDA2D Nanosheets; Nanoparticles BNNSs/mBT/
P(VDF-CTFE)— — 400 5.2 [51] P(VDF-CTFE) Surface modified
BST by KH550Nanoparticles BST/P(VDF-CTFE) >33 — 250 6.8 [52] P(VDF-CTFE) Surface modified
BT by MPSNanoparticles BT/P(VDF-CTFE) 129 (103 Hz) — 160 2.9 [54] P(VDF-HFP) Surface modified
BCZT by NPhNanoparticles BCZT/P(VDF-HFP) 15.2 (104 Hz) 0.043 (104 Hz) 355 8.5 [55] P(VDF-HFP) Surface charged
Al2O3 (GP-AO)Nanoparticles GP-AO/
P(VDF-HFP)100.5 (1 Hz) — 900 4.06 [56] P(VDF-HFP) AO 1D nanowires AO/P(VDF-HFP) — — — — [57] P(VDF-HFP) NaNbO3-Al2O3
(NN-AO)Core-shell; 2D nanosheets NN-AO Ps/
P(VDF-HFP)— — 440 14.59 [58] P(VDF-HFP) BST Nanofiber
networkBST/P(VDF-HFP) — — 300 9.46 [59] P(VDF-HFP) Fe3O4@BaTiO3 (FO@BT) Core-shell FO@BT/P(VDF-HFP) — <0.05 235 7.018 [60] P(VDF-HFP) Fluoro-polymer@
BaTiO3Core-shell Fluoro-polymer@
BT/P(VDF-HFP)— — 20 6.23 [63] P(VDF-HFP) BT Nanoparticles BT/P(VDF-HFP)-
g-GMA34.8 (106 Hz) 0.128 (106 Hz) 20 0.33 [69] P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) KTa0.2Nb0.8O3-BaTiO3 (KTN-BT) Hybrid nanoparticles KTN-BT/P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) 322 (102 Hz) — 300 7.1 [70] P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) Liquid-crystalline-fluoropolymer@BT Core-shell Liquid-crystalline-fluoropolymer@BT/
P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)88.5 (103 Hz) 0.33 (106 Hz) 542 45.5 [72] P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) BNNS-BST 2D nanosheets;
1D nanowiresBST/BNNS/P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) — — 625 24.4 [73] Notes：${\varepsilon _{\rm{r}}}$—Dielectric constant; $\tan \delta $ —Dielectric loss; ${E_{\rm{b}}}$—Breakdown strength; ${U_{\rm{e}}}$—Energy density. 
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