耦合盐溶液环境下钢筋/混凝土Weibull耐久性寿命预测方法

李刊; 魏智强; 乔宏霞; 路承功; 郭健; 黄尚攀

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201021.001

耦合盐溶液环境下钢筋/混凝土Weibull耐久性寿命预测方法

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201021.001

李刊¹,
魏智强^{1, 2},
乔宏霞^{1, 3, ,},
路承功¹,
郭健^1,,
黄尚攀²

1.
兰州理工大学　土木工程学院，兰州 730050
2.
兰州理工大学　省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室，兰州 730050
3.
兰州理工大学　西部土木工程防灾减灾教育部工程研究中心，兰州 730050

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51168031；51868044)；兰州理工大学红柳一流学科建设计划

详细信息

通讯作者:
乔宏霞，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为高性能混凝土耐久性　E-mail：Hongxia_Qiao@163.com

中图分类号: TU528
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-10
- 录用日期: 2020-10-07
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-15

Weibull durability life prediction method of reinforced concrete in environment of coupled salt solution

LI Kan¹,
WEI Zhiqiang^{1, 2},
QIAO Hongxia^{1, 3
, ,},
LU Chenggong¹,
GUO Jian^1
,,
HUANG Shangpan²

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
3.
Western Center of Disaster Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 根据兰州地铁沿线站台服役环境，配置含有SO₄²⁻、Cl⁻、Mg²⁺的耦合盐溶液，将钢筋/混凝土试件置于耦合盐溶液中每隔90天利用电化学工作站进行无损检测，选择Weibull分布建模，通过最小二乘法和BLUE法得到退化分布的固定参数估计值和动态参数估计值。结果表明：耦合盐溶液环境中腐蚀离子通过扩散、渗透及电化学迁移等方式到达钢筋表面，导致钢筋附近pH值降低，钝化膜由完整状态过渡到局部破损状态。可靠度曲线均呈现出三阶段变化特点，动态参数估计值中三次型尺度参数的可靠性寿命最接近固定参数值可靠性寿命，失效率最大；指数型尺度参数可靠性寿命最短，失效率最小；幂次型介于两者之间。且动态参数函数必须满足一阶导数及函数值为正的要求，否则可靠度计算结果为复数。尺度参数的函数形式对可靠度曲线影响大于形状参数的函数形式对可靠度曲线的影响。尺度参数函数类型一定时，形状参数函数类型对寿命结果影响较大，尺度参数函数类型变化时，可靠性曲线均发生较大变化。
- Weibull分布 /
- 参数估计 /
- 最小二乘法 /
- 钢筋/混凝土 /
- 可靠性 /
- 寿命预测
Abstract: According to the service environment of the platform along Lanzhou Metro Line, coupled salt solutions containing SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻and Mg²⁺ were allocated. The reinforced concrete specimens were placed in a coupled salt solution for nondestructive testing every 90 days. Weibull distribution model was selected. Fixed and dynamic parameter estimates of the degradation distribution were obtained by least square method and BLUE method. The results show that the corrosion ions in coupled salt solution reach the surface of steel bar by diffusion, permeation and electrochemical migration. The pH value near the steel bar decreases, and the passivation film transits from undamaged state to partial damaged state. The polarization curve moves towards the direction of negative potential and increasing corrosion current density, and the AC impedance graph shows a double capacitive reactance arc, while the low-frequency impedance arc radius gradually decreases and contracts to the real part of the impedance. The reliability curves show three-stage variation characteristics. Among the dynamic parameter estimates, the reliability life of the cubic scale parameter is the closest to that of the fixed parameter value, the failure rate is the largest, the reliability life of the exponential scale parameter is the shortest, the failure rate is the smallest, the power type is between the two, and the dynamic parameter function must be between them. The first derivative and the value of the function must be positive. Otherwise, the result of the reliability calculation is complex. The influence of the scale parameter function form on reliability curve is greater than that of the shape parameter function form on reliability curve. When the scale parameter function type is fixed, the shape parameter function type has great influence on the life result. However, the reliability curve changes obviously with the scale parameter function type altering.
- Weibull distribution /
- parameter estimation /
- least square method /
- reinforced concrete /
- reliability /
- life prediction

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图 1 电化学测试及三电极体系示意图

Figure 1. Diagrams of electrochemical test and three-electrode system

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图 2 钢筋/混凝土体系电化学等效拟合电路

Figure 2. Electrochemical equivalent fitting circuit of reinforced concrete system

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图 3 钢筋/混凝土在耦合盐溶液中的极化曲线

Figure 3. Polarization curves of reinforced concrete in environment of coupled salt solution

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图 4 钢筋/混凝土在耦合盐溶液中的交流阻抗图谱

Figure 4. Alternating current impedance spectra of reinforced concrete in environment of coupled salt solution

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图 5 钢筋/混凝土在耦合盐溶液中的电化学参数

Figure 5. Electrochemical parameters of reinforced concrete in environment of coupled salt solution

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图 6 钢筋/混凝土耐久性退化数据Weibull分布检验

Figure 6. Weibull distribution test of reinforced concrete durability degradation data

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图 7 钢筋/混凝土耐久性退化数据最小二乘法参数拟合

Figure 7. Parameter fitting by least square method of reinforced concrete durability degradation data

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图 8 钢筋/混凝土形状参数U拟合曲线

Figure 8. Fitting curve of shape parameter U of reinforced concrete

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图 9 钢筋/混凝土尺度参数V拟合曲线

Figure 9. Scale parameter V fitting curve of reinforced concrete

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图 10 不同参数类型下钢筋/混凝土可靠度曲线

Figure 10. Reliability curves of reinforced concrete with different parameter types

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图 11 不同参数类型下钢筋/混凝土密度及失效率曲线

Figure 11. Density and failure rate curves of reinforced concrete with different parameter types

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表 1 兰州地铁1号线部分站台地下水、土壤中主要腐蚀性离子浓度及腐蚀程度

Table 1. Concentration and degree of corrosive ions in underground water and soil of some platforms of subway line 1 in Lanzhou

Subway site	Location	Corrosive ion concentration/(mg·L⁻¹)				Corrosion evaluation	Durability environment category
Subway site	Location	SO₄²⁻	Mg²⁺	Cl⁻	pH	Corrosion evaluation	Durability environment category
Eastern market station	Ground water	4250.7	595.6	1613.0	7.3	Strong corrosion	Ⅴ-E
Eastern market station	Soil	696.4	48.6	205.6	7.7	Medium corrosion	Ⅳ-D
Jiaojia bay station	Ground water	1657.0	255.3	762.2	7.3	Strong corrosion	Ⅴ-E
Jiaojia bay station	Soil	1248.8	54.7	195.0	7.8	Medium corrosion	Ⅳ-D
Gongxingdun station	Ground water	4202.6	619.9	1595.0	7.4	Strong corrosion	Ⅴ-E
Gongxingdun station	Soil	552.3	48.6	262.3	7.6	Medium corrosion	Ⅳ-D
Note:“Ⅳ-D”—Severe chloride environment; “Ⅴ-E”—Very severely chemical corrosion environment.

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表 2 混凝土配合比设计

Table 2. Design of concrete mix proportion

Cement/ (kg·m⁻³)	Fly ash/ (kg·m⁻³)	Aggregate/ (kg·m⁻³)	Sand/ (kg·m⁻³)	Water/ (kg·m⁻³)	Corrosion inhibito/ (kg·m⁻³)	Water to binder ratio (W/B)	Compressive strength/MPa	Slump/ mm
340	102	1100	720	141.5	36	0.32	48.3	175

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表 3 腐蚀电位与钢筋锈蚀程度的对应关系^[22]

Table 3. Corresponding relationship between corrosion potential and corrosion degree of reinforcement^[22]

American standard (ASTM C876—15^[24])		Standard of Chinese metallurgical ministry
Potential range	Corrosion discriminant	Potential range	Corrosion discriminant
>−200 mV	5% probability of corrosion	>−250 mV	No rust
−200–−350 mV	50% probability of corrosion	−250–−400 mV	May be corroded
<−350 mV	95% probability of corrosion	<−400 mV	Rust

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表 4 腐蚀电流密度I_corr与钢筋锈蚀程度的对应关系^[23]

Table 4. Corresponding relationship between corrosion current density I_corr and corrosion degree of reinforcement^[23]

I_corr/(μA·cm⁻²)	I_corr<0.2	0.2<I_corr<0.5	0.5<I_corr<1.0	1.0<I_corr<10	I_corr>10
Corrosion status	Passivation state	Low corrosion condition state	Moderate corrosion condition state	Higher corrosion condition state	Highly corrosive condition state

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表 5 钢筋/混凝土耐久性参数拟合汇总

Table 5. Summary of durability parameter fitting of reinforced concrete

Serial number	Function form	Indicator	Parameter				R²
Serial number	Function form	Indicator	a	b	c	d	R²
Exponential	y=ab^t	U	0.1165	1.0016	—	—	0.9599
Exponential	y=ab^t	V	6.71×10⁻⁴	1.0066	—	—	0.9884
Power	y=a+bt^c	U	0.143	7.73×10⁻⁸	2.2707	—	0.9889
Power	y=a+bt^c	V	0.0013	1.58×10⁻¹³	4.0799	—	0.9887
Parabola	y=a+bt+ct²	U	0.1459	−6.52×10⁻⁵	5.40×10⁻⁷	—	0.9898
Parabola	y=a+bt+ct²	V	0.0055	−8.98×10⁻⁵	2.44×10⁻⁷	—	0.9604
Cubic	y=a+bt+ct²+dt³	U	0.1436	−1.26×10⁻⁵	3.48×10⁻⁷	1.77×10⁻¹⁰	0.9903
Cubic	y=a+bt+ct²+dt³	V	4.01×10⁻⁴	3.03×10⁻⁵	−1.94×10⁻⁷	4.05×10⁻¹⁰	0.9885

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