不同聚合物基压电纤维复合材料应变性能的温度稳定性

王兵; 丁亮; 林秀娟; 刘欢; 李佳楠; 黄世峰

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201015.002

不同聚合物基压电纤维复合材料应变性能的温度稳定性

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201015.002

王兵^1,,
丁亮^1,,
林秀娟^2, ,,
刘欢²,
李佳楠²,
黄世峰²

1.
中国船舶重工集团有限公司第七二五研究所，洛阳 471023
2.
济南大学　山东省建筑材料制备与测试技术重点实验室，济南 250022

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51702120)

详细信息

通讯作者:
林秀娟，博士，副教授，研究方向为压电陶瓷及复合材料的制备与应用　 E-mail：mse_linxj@ujn.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-07-06
- 录用日期: 2020-09-19
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-23

Temperature stability of strain performance of piezoelectric fiber composites with different polymer matrices

1.
Luoyang Sip Material Research Institute, Luoyang 471023, China
2.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Preparation and Measurement of Building Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China

摘要

摘要: 压电纤维复合材料驱动器应用于航天器件中时要经历严酷的环境载荷，其中温度对压电纤维复合材料驱动性能的影响至关重要。本研究制备了三种不同聚合物基压电纤维复合材料，并在−15~60℃的环境温度下测试了压电纤维复合材料的自由应变性能。结果表明，不同聚合物基压电纤维复合材料的自由应变性能均强烈依赖于环境温度，其自由应变性能均呈现随温度升高先增大后减小的趋势。在−500~1 000 V、0.1 Hz的正弦激励电压下，低玻璃化转变温度(T_g)环氧树脂基和高T_g环氧树脂基压电纤维复合材料均在40℃时具有最大纵向自由应变值1 416×10⁻⁶和1 060×10⁻⁶，聚氨酯基压电纤维复合材料则在30℃时具有最大纵向自由应变值2 361×10⁻⁶，相较前两种分别提高了66.7%和122.7%。低T_g环氧树脂基和聚氨酯基压电纤维复合材料在−15℃时的纵向自由应变值较40℃时均下降了约27.5%，而高T_g环氧树脂基压电纤维复合材料在−15~60℃温度范围内具有更高的温度稳定性，其纵向自由应变值仅下降了10.5%。
- 压电纤维复合材料 /
- 温度 /
- 聚合物 /
- 纵向自由应变 /
- 横向自由应变
Abstract: Piezoelectric fiber composite faces a challenge of an extremely wide temperature range when it is used in aerospace devices. So it is necessary to investigate the influence of temperature on the strain performance of piezoelectric fiber composite. In this paper, the free strain properties of piezoelectric fiber composites prepared using three kinds of polymer matrices were evaluated from −15℃ to 60℃. The results show that the free strain properties of all piezoelectric fiber composites are strongly dependent on the ambient temperature. The free strain values of piezoelectric fiber composites increase firstly and then decrease with the rising temperature. When the sinusoidal voltage of 0.1 Hz and −500 V-1 000 V is applied, the maximum longitudinal free strain values of the piezoelectric fiber composites with low glass transition temperature (T_g) and high T_g epoxy are 1 416×10⁻⁶ and 1 060×10⁻⁶ at 40℃, respectively. While the free strain value of the piezoelectric fiber composite with polyurethane reaches 2 361×10⁻⁶ at 30℃, which is 66.7% and 122.7% higher than the formers, respectively. The longitudinal free strain values of the piezoelectric fiber composites both with low T_g epoxy and polyurethane reduce about 27.5% as the temperature increases from −15℃ to 40℃. Although the longitudinal free strain of the piezoelectric fiber composite with high T_g epoxy is small, its longitudinal free strain value at −15℃ is only 10.5% lower than that at 40℃, so this kind of composite possesses a high temperature stability in the range of −15-60℃.
- piezoelectric fiber composite /
- temperature /
- polymer /
- longitudinal free strain /
- transversal free strain

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图 1 压电纤维复合材料结构 (a) 及纤维中电场分布 (b) 示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of piezoelectric fiber composite (a) and electric field distribution (b)

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图 2 压电纤维复合材料实物图 (a) 及其在0.1 Hz正弦驱动电压 (b)下的自由应变行为 (c) 及与电场关系 (d)

Figure 2. Picture of piezoelectric fiber composites (a), 0.1 Hz sinusoidal driving voltage (b) free strain (c) and relationship between free strain and electric field (d)

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图 3 低玻璃化转变温度(T_g)环氧树脂基压电纤维复合材料在不同温度下的纵向 ((a)、(c)、(e)) 和横向 ((b)、(d)、(f)) 自由应变特性

Figure 3. Longitudinal ((a), (c), (e)) and transversal ((b), (d), (f)) free strain of piezoelectric fiber composite with low glass transition temperature (T_g) epoxy at different temperatures

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图 4 低T_g环氧树脂基压电纤维复合材料在不同温度下的压电系数d₃₃(a) 和d₃₁ (b)

Figure 4. d₃₃(a) and d₃₁ (b) of piezoelectric fiber composite with low T_g epoxy at different temperatures

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图 5 高T_g环氧树脂基压电纤维复合材料在不同温度下的纵向 ((a)、(c)) 和横向 ((b)、(d)) 自由应变

Figure 5. Longitudinal ((a), (c)) and transversal ((b), (d)) free strain of piezoelectric fiber composite with high T_g epoxy at different temperatures

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图 6 聚氨酯基压电纤维复合材料在不同温度下的纵向 ((a)、(c)) 和横向 ((b)、(d)) 自由应变

Figure 6. Longitudinal ((a), (c)) and transversal ((b), (d)) free strain of piezoelectric fiber composite with polyurethane at different temperatures

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表 1 实验所用聚合物的性能参数

Table 1. Physical properties of polymer

Polymer matrix	Dielectric constant	Elastic modulus/MPa
JH (Low T_gepoxy)	4.3	54
Adbest 3601 (High T_gepoxy)	7.2	90
GF-5 polyurethane	5.6	10
Note: T_g—Glass transition temperature.

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表 2 实验所用锆钛酸铅(PZT)陶瓷的性能参数

Table 2. Physical properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic

Dieletric constant	Eletromchanical coupling coefficient	Dielectric loss	Bulk density/(kg·m⁻³)	Curie temperature/℃
2 200	0.50	0.02	7 600	270

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