石墨镀Sn调控对石墨/Cu复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

王怡然; 高义民; 李烨飞; 赵四勇; 李梦婷

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200902.003

石墨镀Sn调控对石墨/Cu复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

doi: 10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200902.003

1.
西安交通大学　材料科学与工程学院金属材料强度国家重点实验室，西安 710049
2.
广西长城机械股份有限公司，贺州 542699

基金项目: 广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA18242001)

详细信息

通讯作者:
王怡然，博士，讲师，研究方向为多尺度金属基复合材料的制备与结构功能一体化　E-mail：wangyiran@xjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB331
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-15
- 录用日期: 2020-08-18
- 网络出版日期: 2020-09-03
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-01

Effect of Sn modification on microstructure and mechanical properties of graphite/Cu composites

WANG Yiran^{1
, ,},
GAO Yimin^1
,,
LI Yefei^1
,,
ZHAO Siyong^2
,,
LI Mengting^1
,

1.
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.
Guangxi Great Wall Machineries, Hezhou 542699, China

摘要

摘要: 石墨/Cu自润滑复合材料具有良好的摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性能，在高速铁路领域具有广阔的应用前景。传统石墨/Cu自润滑复合材料中由于石墨与基体不润湿，复合材料界面结合强度低，在材料承受载荷时容易造成石墨相的剥离、脱落，导致复合材料在高载荷服役条件下性能较差。采用化学镀覆工艺在石墨表面镀覆软金属Sn元素调控石墨/Cu复合材料界面，既能够改善复合材料材料组织，又改善了复合材料的力学性能，使复合材料满足服役条件。结果表明：通过石墨镀Sn调控技术，Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的组织并无新相生成，复合材料界面处发生强烈的原子互扩散，界面由机械结合变成扩散结合。Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的力学性能有显著提高，其中硬度平均提高了80.43%，抗弯强度平均提高了246.74%；当石墨含量为6wt%时，Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的硬度提高至(83.61±4.33) HV，抗弯强度提高至(410.41±20.52) MPa，适应并满足复合材料在未来愈加严酷工况环境下的服役需求。
- 表面处理 /
- 金属基复合材料 /
- 界面调控 /
- 力学性能 /
- 镀Sn石墨
Abstract: The graphite/Cu composites have excellent tribological properties and corrosion resistance so which show a broad application prospect in the field of high-speed railway. Due to the non-wetting of graphite with Cu and the low interfacial bonding strength of graphite/Cu composites, the graphite easily peels off under the high load and it could result in the poor performance of the composites. The interface of graphite/Cu composite could be modified by the surface treatment of the graphite with Sn element, which could not only improve the interfacial bonding but also improve the mechanical properties, so that the composites could meet the service conditions. The results show that there is no new phase formation in the microstructure of Sn coated graphite/Cu composites by the interfacial modification. A strong interdiffusion occurs at the interface of the Sn coated graphite/Cu composites and the interfacial bonding changes from mechanical bonding to diffusion bonding. The mechanical properties of the Sn coated graphite/Cu composites are significantly improved. The hardness and flexural strength increase 80.43% and 246.74%, respectively. When the graphite content is 6wt%, the hardness is (83.61±4.33) HV, and the bending strength is (410.41±20.52) MPa, which could meet the service requirements in the future.
- surface treatment /
- metal matrix composites /
- interfacial modification /
- mechanical properties /
- Sn coated graphite

HTML全文

图 1 弯曲强度测试方法示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of bending strength test

L—Length of span; d—Width; h—Height

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图 2 镀Sn石墨的SEM和TEM图像

Figure 2. SEM and TEM images of Sn coated graphite

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图 3 镀Sn石墨镀层界面微观结构

Figure 3. Interfacial microstructure of Sn coated graphite

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图 4 Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的SEM图像

Figure 4. SEM images of Sn coated graphite/Cu composites

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图 5 Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料EDS面扫描结果

Figure 5. EDS mapping results of Sn coated graphite/Cu composites

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图 6 Sn调控石墨含量为6wt%的Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的XRD图谱及界面的EDS线扫描结果

Figure 6. XRD pattern and interface EDS line results of Sn coated graphite/Cu composite with 6wt% content of Sn coated graphite

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图 7 Sn调控石墨含量为6wt%的Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料界面的TEM图像

Figure 7. TEM images of interface of Sn coated graphite/Cu composite with 6wt% content of Sn coated graphite

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图 8 Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料的力学性能

Figure 8. Mechanical properties of Sn coated graphite/Cu composites

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图 9 Sn调控石墨含量为6wt%的Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料断口的SEM图像

Figure 9. SEM images of fracture of Sn coated graphite/Cu composite with 6wt% content of Sn coated graphite

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表 1 镀Sn石墨的化学镀液成分

Table 1. Composition of chemical plating solution of Sn coated graphite

	SnCl₂/(g·L⁻¹)	HCl/(mL·L⁻¹)	Thiourea/(g·L⁻¹)	PEG-6000/(g·L⁻¹)	Hydroquinone/(g·L⁻¹)	NaH₂PO₂/(g·L⁻¹)
Content	30.0	45.0	100.0	2.0	3.5	80.0
Note: PEG-6000—Polyethylene glycol-6000.

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表 2 Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料样品编号及成分

Table 2. Sample number and chemical composition of Sn coated graphite/Cu composites

No.	Sn coated graphite/wt%	Ni/ wt%	Cu/ wt%
Sn coated graphite/Cu-1	1	8	Balance
Sn coated graphite/Cu-2	2
Sn coated graphite/Cu-3	3
Sn coated graphite/Cu-4	4
Sn coated graphite/Cu-5	5
Sn coated graphite/Cu-6	6

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表 3 镀Sn石墨表面EDS点扫描结果

Table 3. EDS point results of Sn coated graphite

Point	C element		Sn element		O element
Point	Mass fraction/wt%	Atom fraction/at%	Mass fraction/wt%	Atom fraction/at%	Mass fraction/wt%	Atom fraction/at%
1	13.8	37.7	64.4	17.8	21.8	44.5
2	13.8	38.7	65.8	42.8	20.4	18.5
3	14.2	55.5	81.7	32.3	4.1	12.2
4	12.8	40.6	72.1	36.2	15.1	23.3

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表 4 6wt%石墨含量的镀Cu、Ni、Ti、Ag、Sn调控石墨/Cu复合材料力学性能对比

Table 4. Comparison of mechanical properties of Cu, Ni, Ti, Ag, Sn modified graphite/Cu composites with 6wt% content of graphite

Sample	Hardness (HV)	Flexural strength/MPa
Unmodified	38.93	95.27
Cu modified	41.85	125.42
Ni modified	45.25	137.14
Ti modified	50.23	190.54
Ag modified	59.25	275.19
Sn modified	83.61	410.41

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